老年临终期肿瘤患者合并肺部感染的危险因素分析

目的：分析老年临终期恶性肿瘤患者肺部感染的发生情况及其危险因素。方法回顾性地分析2012年10月至2013年11月期间在北京老年医院住院治疗的143例老年临终期恶性肿瘤患者的临床资料,采用多因素logistic回归分析方法对87例并发肺部感染病例（观察组）及56例未并发肺部感染病例（对照组）进行比较分析。结果 logistic多因素逐步回归分析显示,肺癌[比值比（ OR）＝4.137,95%置信区间（ CI）为1.967～14.479]、意识障碍（ OR＝3.728,95%CI为1.313～8.315）、低蛋白血症（ OR＝2.960,95%CI为1.300～6.739）、住院天数（ OR＝2.611,95%CI为1.056～6.451）、体力状况（ OR＝2.187,95%CI为1.345～4.071）、糖尿病（OR＝1.937,95%CI为1.159～3.238）、慢性阻塞性肺疾病（OR＝1.823,95%CI为1.056～3.891）与老年临终期恶性肿瘤患者并发肺部感染有相关性（均P＜0.05）。结论肺部感染是老年临终期恶性肿瘤患者的常见并发症,肺癌、伴有意识障碍、低蛋白血症、住院时间长、卧床以及合并慢性基础病（糖尿病和慢性阻塞性肺疾病）者是老年临终肿瘤患者并发肺部感染的危险。     

The risk factors for the postoperative pulmonary infection in patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage: A retrospective analysis

The risk factors for the pulmonary infections after hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the potential risk factors for the postoperative pulmonary infection in patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.Patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage undergone surgery from January 2018 to December 2019 were included. Related personal and medical information were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the potential risk factors for the postoperative pulmonary infection.A total of 264 patients were included, and the incidence of pulmonary infection for patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage after surgery was 19.70%. Escherichia coli is the most common bacteria of pulmonary infection. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the preoperative hypoalbuminemia (OR2.89, 1.67∼4.78), tracheotomy (OR5.31, 1.24∼11.79), diabetes (OR4.92, 1.32∼9.80), preoperative GCS (OR5.66, 2.84∼11.21), and the duration of mechanical ventilation (OR2.78, 2.32∼3.61) were the independent risk factors for the pulmonary infection in patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage (all P < .05).Patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage after surgery have a higher risk of postoperative pulmonary infections, and there are many related risk factors, which should be taken seriously in clinical practice.     

原发性肝癌患者术后并发肺部感染的危险因素分析

目的回顾性分析原发性肝癌患者术后导致肺部感染的危险因素,为今后临床治疗上采取相应预防措施提供参考依据。方法选取2011年5月-2015年12月于中国人民解放军第一八○医院肝病科就诊的原发性肝癌患者286例,根据术后是否发生肺部感染分为感染组(n=36)和非感染组(n=250)。对可能引起术后肺部感染的诸多因素进行分析,计量资料组间比较采用t检验,计数资料组间比较采用χ~2检验,Logistic多因素回归分析术后并发肺部感染的危险因素。结果单因素分析显示,两组患者年龄分布、吸烟史、糖尿病、术中输血量、腹腔引流管留置时间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P值均0.05);进一步多因素Logistic回归分析显示,吸烟史、糖尿病、术中输血量和腹腔引流管留置时间为患者术后并发肺部感染的独立危险因素(P值均0.05)。麻醉相关因素中使用一次性器械和围手术期抗菌药的使用均使患者术后肺部感染率下降(P值均0.05)。结论吸烟史、糖尿病、术中输血量、腹腔引流管留置时间、麻醉使用一次性器械和围手术期抗菌药的使用情况均为原发性肝癌患者术后并发肺部感染的危险因素,针对危险因素采取相应的防治措施能够有效预防术后肺部感染的发生。     

Immediate breast reconstruction using latissimus dorsi muscular flap: A retrospective study of Chinese patients with breast cancer

Reconstruction of breast defects of patients who underwent mastectomy can be challenging. This study was designed to review a series of 43 breast cancer patients who underwent immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) using the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap with/without implants. The demographic characteristics, clinical application feasibility, and the satisfaction rates of the patients were retrospectively collected and evaluated.A total of 43 breast cancer patients who underwent mastectomy between August 2015 and February 2020 were included in the retrospective study. The included patients were subjected to IBR using latissimus dorsi muscular flap (LDMF) with/without implants. The clinical application feasibility and the satisfaction rates of the patients were evaluated.Among these patients, 35 patients underwent nipple-sparing mastectomy and 8 patients underwent skin-sparing mastectomy. Twenty-nine patients underwent IBR using LDMF with implants, and 14 patients underwent IBR using LDMF without implants. Among these patients, 2 patients had partial LDMF necrosis and atrophy, and showed significant shrink of the reconstructed breast. One patient developed seromas, and seromas were improved by active dressing change and sucking out the fluid via the skin using a syringe. Two patients had local skin flap necrosis on the chest, 1 patient had preserved areola and local necrosis of the nipple, and this was healed after dressing change. Based on the Harris method, 27, 9, 5, and 2 cases were evaluated as “excellent,” “good,” “fair,” and “poor,” respectively.In the present study, the reconstructed breast has natural shape, good symmetry, and hidden postoperative scars. The aesthetic effect is relatively good, and the use of LDMF may represent an acceptable and valid option for IBR. The success of this procedure depends on the design of the incision, the skill and proficiency of the operation, as well as the correct treatment after surgery.     

食管癌术后肺部感染的多因素Logistic回归分析

目的分析食管癌术后患者并发肺部感染的危险因素。方法回顾性分析我院2012年7月至2015年10月期间收治的293例行食管癌根治术患者的临床资料,对术后并发肺部感染的相关危险因素进行单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析。结果单因素分析表明患者的年龄、糖尿病、冠心病及吸烟史、手术中通气方式和手术方式是食管癌术后并发肺部感染的危险因素,而多因素Logistical回归分析显示年龄、糖尿病、吸烟史和通气方式是食管癌术后并发肺部感染的独立危险因素。结论年龄、合并糖尿病、吸烟史以及通气方式是食管癌术后并发肺部感染的独立危险因素。     

老年胃癌根治术病人术后肺部感染的影响因素分析

目的探讨老年胃癌根治术病人的临床病理特征及术后肺部感染的影响因素。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2019年6月我院收治的120例行根治性手术治疗的老年胃癌病人的临床资料,根据病人术后是否发生肺部感染将其分为研究组(n=26)和对照组(n=94)。比较2组病人的临床病理资料,并采用多因素Logistic回归分析老年胃癌根治术病人并发术后肺部感染的独立危险因素。结果年龄(OR=3.570,95%CI1.150~9.875)、低白蛋白血症(OR=3.003,95%CI2.851~4.623)、胃肠减压(OR=7.538,95%CI3.101~18.203)、围术期输血(OR=6.813,95%CI5.323~8.303)、伤口疼痛(OR=3.417,95%CI1.546~7.537)、吸烟史(OR=3.662,95%CI1.680~7.992)是老年胃癌根治术病人并发术后肺部感染的独立危险因素。结论老年胃癌根治术病人并发术后肺部感染的独立危险因素主要为高龄、低白蛋白血症、胃肠减压、围术期输血、伤口疼痛、吸烟史,建议针对上述因素加强干预措施。     

肺结核并发肺部感染的危险因素分析

目的　探讨肺结核患者并发肺部感染的相关危险因素及病原菌特点。方法　选取2017年3月—2019年3月我院收治的179例肺结核患者作为研究对象,观察患者并发肺部感染情况。采集肺部感染患者肺泡灌洗液、痰液等标本进行病原菌分离鉴定;采用Logistic回归分析影响肺结核患者并发肺部感染的相关危险因素。结果　179例肺结核患者中肺部感染82例,感染率为45.81%。Logistic回归分析显示,病程≥4年、合并糖尿病、长期使用糖皮质激素、长期使用广谱抗生素、复治肺结核和侵入性操作为影响肺结核患者并发肺部感染的危险因素。82例肺部感染患者分离病原菌83株,以革兰阴性菌为主,共58株,占69.88%。结论　肺结核患者并发肺部感染以革兰阴性菌为主,病程≥4年、合并糖尿病、长期使用糖皮质激素、长期使用广谱抗生素、复治肺结核和侵入性操作为影响肺结核患者并发肺部感染的危险因素。     

不同麻醉方式对老年患者胃癌术后肺部感染的影响

目的探讨不同麻醉方式对老年患者胃癌术后肺部感染的影响。方法入选2013年3月至2016年3月泸州市中医医院收治的老年胃癌患者100例,根据麻醉方式,采用随机数字表法将患者分为全凭静脉麻醉(TIVA)组、吸入全身麻醉(IA)组和硬膜外麻醉联合静脉全身麻醉(CE-IVA)组,分别于麻醉前、拔管后5 min测定呼吸频率(RR)、血氧饱和度(SaO_2)和分钟通气量(MV),手术完毕停药后监测患者苏醒时间和拔管时间,术后第3天监测患者有无肺部感染。结果相比麻醉前,三组患者拔管后RR升高,SaO_2和MV降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。相比TIVA组和IA组患者,CE-IVA组患者拔管后RR降低,而SaO_2和MV升高,苏醒时间和拔管时间明显缩短,肺部感染率降低,差异有统计学意义(PO.05)。结论硬膜外麻醉联合静脉全身麻醉可改善患者肺功能,显著降低患者术后肺部感染发生率。     

肺癌患者肺部感染的易感因素、病原菌及药敏分析

目的分析肺癌患者肺部感染的易感因素、病原菌变迁及药敏状况,为肺癌患者的抗感染治疗提供临床依据。方法对103例肺癌合并肺部感染患者易感因素、痰标本进行培养及药敏分析。结果103例患者送检252份合格痰标本,其易感因素主要为年龄、住院时间、放化疗、临床分期。检出病原菌75株,其中真菌45．3％,革兰阴性菌44％,革兰阳性菌10．7％。6种主要病原菌对抗菌药物都具有不同程度的耐药性。结论加强肺癌患者肺部感染病原菌的监测,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供参考依据。     

The characteristics and influencing factors of fever in postoperative patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy: A retrospective analysis

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is commonly used for the treatment of upper urinary calculi in clinical setting, and fever is a common complication after PCNL. It is necessary to evaluate the risk factors of fever in patients undergoing PCNL, to provide insights into the management of PCNL.Patients who underwent PCNL in our hospital from January 2018 to August 2020 were included. The clinical data of postoperative fever and no fever patients were collected and assessed. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to analyze the risk factors for fever in patients undergoing PCNL.A total of 276 patients undergoing PCNL were included, the incidence of postoperative fever for patients undergoing PCNL was 19.39%. No significant differences in the gender, body mass index, alcohol drinking, smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, intraoperative blood infusion, length of hospital stay between fever patients, and no fever patients were found (all P > .05). There were significant differences in the age, diabetes, size of stones, duration of surgery between fever patients, and no fever patients (all P < .05). Age ≥60 years (odds ratio [OR] 2.143, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.101∼3.264), diabetes (OR 2.218, 95% CI 1.176∼4.642), size of stone ≥2 cm (OR 1.428, 95%CI 1.104∼2.055), duration of surgery ≥100 minutes (OR 1.334, 95% CI 1.015∼1.923) were the risk factors for fever in patients with PCNL (all P < .05). Escherichia coli (48.44%), Staphylococcus aureus (18.75%), and Candida albicans (10.93%) were the top 3 pathogenic bacteria of urine culture.Fever is one of the common complications after PCNL. Patients with high-risk factors should be given full attentions and take corresponding preventive measures targeted on risks.     

肺癌合并肺部感染的病原学和耐药性分析

目的了解铜陵地区肺癌合并肺部感染的病原学特征和耐药情况,为抗菌药物使用提供依据。方法收集3年所有肺癌合并肺部感染患者痰标本进行病原菌培养,采用K-B法进行药敏试验。结果共分离出各类致病菌142株,其中革兰阳性球菌占14.1%,革兰阴性杆菌占78.2%,真菌占7.8%。未检出对万古霉素耐药的葡萄球菌。肺炎克雷伯杆菌和大肠埃希菌对β-内酰胺酶抑制剂药物耐药率较低,对亚胺培南无耐药。铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南耐药率为25.0%,鲍曼不动杆菌对大多数抗菌药物耐药率在50%以上。结论肺癌合并肺部感染的致病菌以革兰阴性杆菌为主,且耐药现象严重。     

晚期肺癌合并肺部感染的临床研究

目的探讨晚期肺癌合并肺部感染的临床特点。方法对近4年收治的130例晚期肺癌合并肺部感染病例的临床资料进行分析。结果本组患者年龄≥60岁、性别为男性、住院天数≥15天、合并基础疾病、外周血白细胞计数<4×109/L、低蛋白血症者易并发肺部感染。当病人出现中度以上发热、血氧饱和度降低时要高度警惕可能合并肺部感染。血CRP、PCT升高可作为肺部感染的炎症预测指标。革兰氏阴性杆菌(67.23%)是肺部感染的最常见致病菌,存在多药耐药,根据药敏试验结果及时调整抗生素的使用。结论晚期肺癌合并肺部感染存在多种危险因素,应加强预防,要重视病原学检测及药敏试验,合理使用抗生素。     

Risk factors of intracranial infection in patients after intracranial aneurysm surgery: Implication for treatment strategies

Postoperative intracranial infection after intracranial aneurysm is relatively common in clinical setting; it is necessary to analyze the clinical risk factors of postoperative intracranial infection, to provide reliable evidence to the management of aneurysm.Patients with intracranial aneurysm admitted from January 1, 2016, to November 30, 2020, are included. We collected the patient''s personal and treatment data, and analyzed the risk factors of intracranial infection by multivariate logistic regression analysis. We compared the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) indicators and serological indicators and analyzed their correlation with intracranial infection by spearman analysis.A total of 236 patients with intracranial aneurysm were included; the incidence of postoperative intracranial infection was 12.71%. There were significant differences in the diabetes, intraoperative aneurysm rupture, intraoperative CSF leakage, duration of surgery, and estimated blood loss between infection and non-infection group. Logistic regression indicated that diabetes [odds ratio (OR) 2.053, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.092∼3.385], intraoperative aneurysm rupture (OR 2.239, 95% CI 1.173∼4.312), intraoperative CSF leakage (OR 2.168, 95% CI 1.033∼3.451), duration of surgery ≥360 minutes (OR 1.926, 95% CI 1.108∼2.655), and estimated blood loss ≥125 mL (OR 2.459, 95% CI 1.854∼3.447) were the independent risk factors of postoperative intracranial infection in patients with aneurysm surgery (all P < .05). Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus epidermidis were the top 3 commonly seen pathogens. Spearman analyses indicated that PCT, CRP, LA, LDH were all correlated with intracranial infection (all P < .05).There are multiple factors for the postoperative intracranial infection in patients with aneurysm. Coping strategies should be formulated targeted on those risks to improve the prognosis of patients.     

Risk factors for postoperative pneumonia and prognosis in lung cancer patients after surgery: A retrospective study

Postoperative pneumonia (POP) is one of the most frequent complications following lung surgery. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for developing POP and the prognostic factors in lung cancer patients after lung resection.We performed a retrospective review of 726 patients who underwent surgery for stages I–III lung cancer at a single institution between August 2017 and July 2018 by conducting logistic regression analysis of the risk factors for POP. The Cox risk model was used to analyze the factors influencing the survival of patients with lung cancer.We identified 112 patients with POP. Important risk factors for POP included smoking (odds ratio [OR], 2.672; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.586–4.503; P < .001), diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) (40–59 vs ≥80%, 4.328; 95% CI, 1.976–9.481; P < .001, <40 vs ≥80%, 4.725; 95% CI, 1.352–16.514; P = .015), and the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score (OR, 2.304; 95% CI, 1.382–3.842; P = .001). In the Cox risk model, we observed that age (hazard ratios (HR), 1.633; 95% CI, 1.062–2.513; P = .026), smoking (HR, 1.670; 95% CI, 1.027–2.716; P = .039), POP (HR, 1.637; 95% CI, 1.030–2.600; P = .037), etc were predictor variables for patient survival among the factors examined in this study.The risk factors for POP and the predictive factors affecting overall survival (OS) should be taken into account for effective management of patients with lung cancer undergoing surgery.     

Risk factors and clinical characteristics of deep knee infection in patients with intra-articular injections: A matched retrospective cohort analysis

BackgroundDeep knee infection (DKI), consisting of sepsis arthritis (SA) and chronic low-grade infection (CLGI), is a rare but catastrophic adverse event that can result from intra-articular (IA) injections. The purpose of this study was to assess the risk factors for DKI and describe the clinical characteristics of DKI in patients who received IA injections.MethodsFifty patients with IA injection-induced DKI who underwent surgical treatment between January 2010 and May 2016 served as cases and were matched with non-infected controls who received IA injections in a proportion of 1:5 based on age, gender, and date of admission. All IA injections (both cases and controls) were performed within 6 months of admission at our institution or at a referring institution. Risk factors for injection-induced DKI were analyzed, and the clinical characteristics between SA and CLGI were compared.ResultsThe final multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that body mass index ≥25 kg/m² [odds ratio (OR) = 2.3; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1–4.7], corticosteroid injections (OR = 3.21; 95% CI: 1.63–6.31), rheumatoid arthritis (OR = 2.61; 95% CI: 1.20–5.68) and injections performed by general practitioners (OR = 5.23; 95% CI: 2.00–13.67) increased the risk of DKI following IA injections. Of 50 cases, there were 21 SA cases and 29 CLGI cases. SA cases had significantly higher metrics in the categories of fever, local warmth, swelling, rest pain, night pain, limited motion, serum WBC, and CRP levels than CLGI cases.ConclusionsWe identified risk factors and clinical characteristics of injection-induced DKI, which may offer improved guidance on IA injections and knowledge of DKI in patients with IA injections, especially in CLGI patients.     

ICU肺部感染患者的病原菌及耐药性特点分析

目的探讨重症医学科(ICU)患者肺部感染致病菌分布情况及耐药性特点,以指导临床合理使用抗菌药物。方法2009年1月～2012年5月在我院ICU收治的128例肺部感染患者的痰病原菌细菌谱,并对药敏结果进行分析。结果共检出病原菌167株,其中革兰氏阴性菌139株,占83.2%,革兰氏阳性菌28株,占10.8%。其中革兰氏阴性菌最主要的病原菌依次是阴沟杆菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌。结论 ICU肺部感染患者的病原菌以革兰氏阴性菌为主,特点是多重耐药的阴沟杆菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌更显著,革兰氏阳性菌及念珠菌检出率不高,这对抗菌药物的合理使用具有指导意义。     

Pulmonary metastasectomy for pulmonary metastasis of breast cancer has a limited prognostic impact: a multi-institutional retrospective analysis

BackgroundPulmonary metastasectomy (PM) for breast cancer-derived pulmonary metastasis is controversial. This study aimed to assess the prognostic factors and implication of PM for metastatic breast cancer using a multi-institutional database.MethodsClinical data of 253 females with pulmonary metastasis of breast cancer who underwent PM between 1982 and 2017 were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsThe median patient age was 56 years. The median follow-up period was 5.4 years, and the median disease-free interval (DFI) was 4.8 years. The 5- and 10-year survival rates after PM were 64.9% and 50.4%, respectively, and the median overall survival was 10.1 years. Univariate analysis revealed that the period of PM before 2000, a DFI <36 months, lobectomy/pneumonectomy, large tumor size, and lymph node metastasis were predictive of a worse overall survival. In the multivariate analysis, a DFI <36 months, large tumor size, and lymph node metastasis remained significantly related to overall survival. The 5- and 10-year cancer-specific survival rates after PM were 66.9% and 54.7%, respectively, and the median cancer-specific survival was 13.1 years. Univariate analyses revealed that the period of PM before 2000, DFI <36 months, lobectomy/pneumonectomy, large tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and incomplete resection were predictive of a worse cancer-specific survival. Multivariate analysis confirmed that a DFI <36 months, large tumor size and incomplete resection were significantly related to cancer-specific survival.ConclusionsAs PM has limited efficacy in breast cancer, it should be considered an optional treatment for pulmonary metastasis of breast cancer.     

老年人院内继发肺部真菌感染的临床分析

目的探讨老年人院内继发肺部真菌感染（PFIH）的临床特点、危险因素及预防措施。方法对34例肺部真菌感染的病例进行临床分析。结果 34例患者均有基础疾病,其中以COPD导致的PFIH最多,占38.2%。广谱、多种抗生素的长时间应用,糖皮质激素和免疫抑制剂的使用,是PFIH常见的医源性因素。痰培养白色念珠菌占77.8%。结论应尽可能减少或避免导致PFIH常见的医源性因素,提高免疫力,预防PFIH的发生。     

Added value of systemic inflammation markers in predicting pulmonary infection in stroke patients: A retrospective study by machine learning analysis

Exploring candidate markers to predict the clinical outcomes of pulmonary infection in stroke patients have a high unmet need. This study aimed to develop machine learning (ML)-based predictive models for pulmonary infection.Between January 2008 and April 2021, a retrospective analysis of 1397 stroke patients who had CT angiography from skull to diaphragm (including CT of the chest) within 24 hours of symptom onset. A total of 21 variables were included, and the prediction model of pulmonary infection was established by multiple ML-based algorithms. Risk factors for pulmonary infection were determined by the feature selection method. Area under the curve (AUC) and decision curve analysis were used to determine the model with the best resolution and to assess the net clinical benefits associated with the use of predictive models, respectively.A total of 889 cases were included in this study as a training group, while 508 cases were as a validation group. The feature selection indicated the top 6 predictors were procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, soluble interleukin-2 receptor, consciousness disorder, dysphagia, and invasive procedure. The AUCs of the 5 models ranged from 0.78 to 0.87 in the training cohort. When the ML-based models were applied to the validation set, the results also remained reconcilable, and the AUC was between 0.891 and 0.804. The decision curve analysis also showed performed better than positive line and negative line, indicating the favorable predictive performance and clinical values of the models.By incorporating clinical characteristics and systemic inflammation markers, it is feasible to develop ML-based models for the presence and consequences of signs of pulmonary infection in stroke patients, and the use of the model may be greatly beneficial to clinicians in risk stratification and management decisions.