4种大鼠睾丸移植模型的建立方法与比较

目的: 比较4种大鼠睾丸移植模型的建立方法。方法: 建立4种不同术式的大鼠睾丸移植模型各10例，分别比较其血管重建时间、即时通畅率、显微外科技术要求及术后1个月植睾血供情况和功能。结果: 40例受体大鼠存活均超过30 d，4种方法的血管重建时间和显微外科技术难易程度有所不同，但开放血流后即时通畅率及术后1个月植睾血供情况和血清睾酮水平相互比较无明显差异。 结论: 4种方法均可选择性地用于不同解剖类型的大鼠睾丸移植的实验研究。     

同种异体移植子宫内膜异位症大鼠模型的建立

目的建立Wistar大鼠同种异体子宫内膜异位症模型。方法采用外科诱导法对24只Wistar雌性大鼠行异体子宫组织移植手术,30只行自体子宫组织移植手术。结果 Wistar大鼠造模12周后,异体移植成模率83.3%,与自体移植成模率76.7%比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;异体、自体模型异位内膜上皮细胞功能活跃,有类似正位子宫内膜的周期变化和生理特征;且造模后大鼠体液免疫反应敏感性与假手术对照组比较,C3、C4、IgG升高,IgM降低,差异有统计学意义,IgA没有明显变化;异体移植模型IgG比自体移植模型高,差异有统计学意义。结论应用Wistar大鼠进行同种异体移植手术可以成功的建立子宫内膜异位症模型。     

同种异体大鼠耳廓移植模型的建立及意义

目的建立同种异体大鼠外耳廓移植模型,进行异体复合组织移植免疫的实验研究.方法以Lewis大鼠为供体、BN大鼠为受体,应用显微外科技术,进行吻合血管的全耳廓异体移植,观察移植耳排斥反应的大体表现及组织学特征.结果20只受体动物移植术后全部存活,吻合血管即刻通畅率为100%,移植耳廓呈现典型的免疫排斥反应过程,平均存活时间为(7.8±1.7)d.结论大鼠外耳廓移植是进行异体复合组织移植免疫研究良好的动物模型.     

大鼠原位肝移植模型的建立*☆

背景：“二袖套法”原位肝移植模型的建立缩短了无肝期的时间,并且显著提高了老鼠肝移植后的存活率。 目的：在“二袖套法”的基础上,结合一些相关文献,建立稳定大鼠原位肝移植模型。 方法：用改进的二袖套法对75对SD大鼠行原位肝移植,移植中门静脉、肝下下腔静脉用袖套法进行吻合,肝上下腔静脉用缝合法吻合,胆道采用支架法进行胆道重建。 结果与结论：受体大鼠移植后一般状况良好,50例正式实验移植后1 d存活率94%,1周存活率为90%。供肝热缺血时间均接近0,供体手术时间(34.44±3.25) min,受体手术时间(49.07±4.93) min,无肝期(17.26±2.51) min,下腔静脉平均阻断时间约为20 min。说明只有熟练地掌握手术技巧,细致耐心的操作,最大程度减少各种并发症的发生,才能获得稳定的原位肝移植模型。     

猪到食蟹猴异位小肠移植模型的建立

目的：探讨稳定的猪到食蟹猴异位小肠移植模型建立方法,为异种小肠移植排斥反应的研究提供良好的实验工具。方法分别以白色杂种猪和食蟹猴做供、受体,采用供体小肠的肠系膜前动、静脉分别与受体肾下腹主动脉和肾下下腔静脉行端侧吻合,供体远、近端肠管结扎的方式建立异种节段性小肠移植模型。结果共行猪到食蟹猴异种节段小肠移植5例,移植肠肠长度为(52.0±5.7) cm,血管吻合成功率为100%,移植肠存活时间为(152±72) min(55~245 min)。结论本研究建立了猪到食蟹猴的异位小肠移植模型,模型稳定,可复性强,为进一步研究转基因猪到食蟹猴小肠移植提供了理想的平台。     

无心跳供体肺移植大鼠模型的建立

背景：大量实验表明,供肺组织及肺血管功能在适当条件下可以保存,当供体心跳停止后,肺的气体交换系统可耐受热缺血60 min。 目的：建立一种简单有效的无心跳供体肺移植大鼠模型。 方法：60只SD大鼠随机分为有心跳供体组、无心跳供体-缺血30 min组和无心跳供体-缺血60 min组,每组20只。有心跳供体组供体大鼠取供肺保存在4 ℃低钾右旋糖苷液中4 h;无心跳供体-缺血30 min组供体放血处死后,维持通气30 min,使供肺在热缺血30 min后冷保存;无心跳供体-缺血60 min组方法同无心跳供体-缺血30 min组,不同之处在于供肺热缺血60 min。各组大鼠循环回路连接后,于1,15,30 ,45,60 min测出气道峰压和肺静脉血氧气分压。灌注结束后检测供肺湿质量干质量比和丙二醛水平。 结果与结论：有心跳供体组和无心跳供体-缺血30 min组所有指标比较差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。各组气道峰压随时间的延长逐渐升高,但无心跳供体-缺血60 min组升高程度高于有心跳供体组和无心跳供体-缺血30 min组 (P < 0.05)。各组供肺血氧气分压均随着时间的延长而降低,无心跳供体-缺血60 min组供肺血氧气分压低于有心跳供体组和无心跳供体-缺血30 min组(P < 0.05)。无心跳供体-缺血60 min组供肺湿质量干质量比和丙二醛水平较有心跳供体组和无心跳供体-缺血30 min组高(P < 0.05)。结果提示大鼠无心跳供肺热缺血30 min肺移植灌注模型是一种安全有效的肺移植方法。     

大鼠动脉移植慢性排斥反应模型的建立

大鼠大动脉移植模型所产生的血管壁改变与人类心脏移植出现的慢性排斥反应(chronic rejection,CR)的病理变化极其相似[1].但此模型操作复杂、并发症多,限制了其广泛应用.我们采用套管技术(cuff technique)[2]建立此模型,操作简单,成功率高.     

大鼠腹主动脉常位移植动物模型建立方法

目的 建立移植动经的动物模型，方法 １０８只Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠显微镜下行腹主动脉吻合术。结果 该模型建立成功。结论 该方法为临床研究动脉移植了一种动物模型。     

大鼠IgA肾病模型肾脏变化分析

目的探讨IgA肾病(IgA nephropathy,IgAN)大鼠肾小体、肾小囊、肾小球和近端肾小管病理变化。方法将20只SD雌性大鼠随机分成2组,即对照组和IgAN组(n=10)。用免疫荧光、HE染色和体视学方法,测出2组动物肾小体、肾小囊和肾小球体密度、球囊体积比、肾小体数密度、肾小体和肾小球长径、近端肾小管管腔和管壁面积及其比值,比较其差异。结果IgA免疫荧光染色,IgAN组皮质部见较强绿色荧光。与对照组比,IgAN组肾小体体密度增大,肾小囊体密度增大,肾小球体密度减小,球囊比减小,肾小体数密度变化差异无显著性,肾小体长径增大,肾小球长径减小,近端肾小管管腔面积减小,管壁面积增大,腔壁比减小。结论 IgAN大鼠肾小体和肾小囊增大,肾小球减小,近曲小管细胞体积增大,管腔变小。     

肾母细胞瘤大鼠模型的建立及特点

肾母细胞瘤大鼠模型的建立及特点陈莲步星耀金百祥肾母细胞瘤为儿童期较常见的恶性实体肿瘤，由于该肿瘤部位隐匿，恶性程度高及早期诊断困难，故它是小儿肿瘤研究中的重要课题。我们应用１，２－二甲基肼（１，２－ｄｉｍｅｔｈｌｈｙｄｒａｚｉｎｅ，ＤＭＨ）在Ｗｉｓｔ...     

原位肝移植模型的建立技巧与改进

背景：目前肝移植是治愈终末期肝病惟一的方法,但是其移植后的并发症仍然是影响移植患者长期存活的重要因素,因此有必要建立稳定的动物移植模型。目的：建立原位肝移植模型大鼠。方法：应用乙醚吸入法对SD大鼠204只行麻醉,2-4 ℃林格液经腹主动脉进行单路灌注,灌注前不翻动肝脏,以减少肝脏热缺血,灌注完毕后沿膈环下切断肝上下腔静脉,修整时不需再修整,以免损伤腔静脉。取下供体肝脏,置入4 ℃淋格液中保存,切下受体肝脏,采用改良的二袖套法行同种异体原位肝移植。移植完毕后,大鼠可自行翻身饮水,存活超过3 d,视为移植成功。结果与结论：204只大鼠共行102次肝移植,最终86例移植后存活超过3 d,移植成功率为84%。结果证实,实验通过改进技术成功建立了原位肝移植模型大鼠。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植;肝移植;移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植;组织工程     

Post liver transplantation acute kidney injury in a rat model of syngeneic orthotopic liver transplantation

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication after liver transplantation (LT). The mechanism of post-LT AKI remains unclear. We used the rat model of syngeneic orthotopic LT (SOLT) to investigate the mechanism of post-LT AKI. We hypothesized that the condition of the graft, rather than intraoperative hemodynamic instability, has an important role in post-LT AKI in the SOLT model. Rats were randomly assigned into four groups: sham-operated group; vessel-clamped group; full-size LT group; and reduced-size LT group. We identified AKI in both full-size and reduced-size LT groups. In addition to renal tubular necrosis and apoptosis, renal peritubular capillary injury was also present. Pathological changes were more severe in the reduced-size than in the full-size LT group. We found that the systemic inflammatory response induced by LT was the initiating factor in post-LT AKI. This is the first study to investigate the pathological mechanism of AKI in an animal model of SOLT. Our results demonstrate that protection of the liver graft and inhibition of the systemic inflammatory response are vital in reducing the risk of post-LT AKI.     

二袖套法建立恒河猴原位肝移植的稳定模型

背景：以往多应用大鼠建立肝移植模型对肝移植术后排斥反应进行基础研究,而灵长类非人类大动物建立肝移植模型能更接近临床肝移植的需求。 目的：探讨建立稳定的恒河猴原位肝移植模型的最佳方案。 方法：选用健康恒河猴进行同种异体原位肝移植20次,以10只雄性作为受体,10只雌、雄不限为供体,借鉴临床肝移植和各种动物模型建立的方法,使用二袖套法加肝动脉重建建立稳定的恒河猴原位肝移植模型。 结果与结论：20次恒河猴原位肝移植模型成功率90%,供肝切取时间(17±3) min,供肝修整时间(35±5) min,受体移植时间(133±45) min,受体无肝期(12±4) min,术后24 h存活率90%(18/20),72 h存活率为80% (16/20),1周存活率50%(10/20), 14只分别于术后2周内死于急性排斥反应,最长存活38 d,也死于急性排斥反应,所有受体均无门静脉血栓形成及胆道并发症发生。改进后的恒河猴同种异体原位肝移植模型具有操作简便、手术成功率高、重复性和稳定性好的优点, 是肝移植临床前期研究的较理想动物模型。     

大鼠原位与异位肾移植三维数字化构建方法的初步研究

目的　探讨使用3ds Max软件的空间建模技术实现对大鼠原位与异位肾移植仿真模拟的简单方法。 方法　根据大鼠实体解剖,使用Autodesk 3ds Max 8 SP2软件运用放样、布尔运算、多边形造模、倒角剖面和车削等手段,对肾、肾上腺、血管、膀胱、气管、甲状腺和血管等器官进行真实比例构建,合并到腹部及颈部移植场景中,并安装自由摄像头经渲染后获取各角度的三维图像。 结果　成功构建出肾移植相关器官以及大鼠原位,右髂窝位及颈前部的肾移植场景,可作为动物实验的可靠参考,提高手术成功率。 结论　3ds Max的三维非几何体形状器官的造模及场景构建方法,具有可重复性强,方法简单,在个人电脑上易实现的特点。     

采用组织块移植法快速建立裸鼠原位骨肉瘤模型

背景：骨肉瘤细胞起源于间叶组织这一特点使得骨肉瘤动物模型的构建存在较多困难,进展缓慢的问题。 目的：采用组织块移植法建立裸鼠原位骨肉瘤模型,并观察和评价其生物学特性。 方法：选用SPF 级 6 周龄裸鼠15只,将制备好的MG-63 骨肉瘤细胞悬液注射到裸鼠右前肢腋下,成瘤后连续传 3 代,待肿瘤生长稳定后将瘤块组织移植到裸鼠下肢胫骨髓腔内,评价其生物学特性,采用X射线观察裸鼠成瘤率和成瘤特点。并以正常裸鼠5只做对照。 结果与结论：15只裸鼠造模过程顺利,造模后通过观察1只成瘤失败,成瘤率为93%;造模后观察发现采用组织块移植法三四周可见裸鼠下肢局部肿瘤状组织形成,四五周后X射线观察可见裸鼠胫骨中上段出现不明显的溶骨以及瘤样骨形成;骨肉瘤模型组碱性磷酸酶的表达水平明显高于正常对照组(P < 0.01)。数据表明采用组织块移植法进行裸鼠原位骨肉瘤造模,其造模方法简单,成瘤率高,瘤体生长速度快,对骨皮质及周围软组织的破坏力较强,接近临床骨肉瘤患者的实际情况。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植;肝移植;移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植;组织工程      

Experimental models of small intestinal transplantation in rats: orthotopic versus heterotopic model

Two kinds of surgical models of small intestinal transplantation (SITx) in rats, namely heterotopic (HIT) and orthotopic transplantion (OIT), have been reviewed. In OIT, the small intestine of the recipient is removed and the transplanted intestine replaces it in continuity. On the other hand, in the HIT model, the small intestinal grafts are rendered dysfunctional without alimentary tract continuity. Histological evidence showed that acute rejection appeared earlier in HIT as compared to OIT. Hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the muscularis externa produced in the chronic rejection process were more pronounced in HIT allografts. The HIT grafts showed severe mucosal atrophy due to the lack of intraluminal trophic factors, because oral feedings can stimulate tropic hormones for mucosal growth, and provide nutrients for enterocytes. Intestinal permeability was consistently higher after HIT than after OIT. The HIT grafts demonstrated less contractility and less response to chemical stimulation than did OIT grafts. The OIT models are advantageous in studies of intraluminal nutrients, and intestinal secretions in these models might modulate the intestinal immune status and possibly delay rejection. The superior intestinal barrier function and the delayed onset of rejection in OIT rats suggest that nutrients and other factors in the succus entericus are important for the maintenance of intestinal graft function.     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植对糖尿病模型大鼠肾脏的保护作用

BACKGROUND:So far numerous theoretical studies have shown the treatment effect of stem cell transplantation for chronic complications of diabetes, while its treatment effects on diabetic nephropathy have not yet been confirmed in animal models. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the protective effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on the kidney in rat models of diabetes. METHODS:Rats were fed with high-sugar and high-fat diet for 4 weeks, and then were given injection of streptozotocin to establish type 2 diabetic rat models. At 2 days after modeling, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were injected via the tail vein (stem cell transplantation group). In the meanwhile, control and diabetes groups were established. At 21 days after cell transplantation, levels of glucose, triglyceride and insulin in the tail vein were detected. Additionally, morphological observations of kidney and pancreatic tissues were performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The levels of blood sugar, insulin and triglycerides in the diabetes group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Blood glucose and insulin levels in the stem cell transplantation group were significantly lower than those of the diabetes group (P < 0.05). In addition, mesangial area and glomerular volume in the stem cell transplantation group were significantly lower compared with the diabetes group (P < 0.05). These results confirm that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation can reduce levels of blood glucose and serum insulin, contributing to the repair of damaged pancreas and kidney.     

Clinical outcome of orthotopic liver transplantation

Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) has become a standard procedure for end-stage cirrhosis. The purpose of this anlysis is to give a brief overview on the clinical outcome of OLT. According to a current survey of primary indications for liver transplantation in Europe, virus-induced cirrhosis represents the largest proportion with 25%. The next frequent indication is alcoholic cirrhosis with 19%. Cholestatic diseases amount to 13%, malignancy in cirrhosis 10%, and acute hepatic failure 10%. The outcome of these main indications will be discussed and critical considerations pointed out. Patient survival rates demonstrate for cirrhosis at 1-and 5-year about 80% and 70%, respectively. In acute hepatic failure, more patients are lost in the perioperative period. Not surprisingly, patients transplanted for malignancy show decreased long-term survival. Considering an average of 5-year survival in patients with end-stage liver disease of 20% or less, excellent patient survival can be achieved by liver transplantation.     

Transfusion practice in orthotopic liver transplantation

Liver transplant procedures require the most blood components, despite the fact that blood use in liver transplantation has declined dramatically over the last decade. Liver transplant recipients present unique challenges, not only in terms of blood supply, but also requirements for specialized blood components, serologic problems, and immunologic effects of transfusion on both the allograft and the recipient. The cause of intraoperative blood loss in liver transplantation is multifactorial, due to both technical factors and poor coagulation control. This procedure carries the risk of massive blood loss, which requires massive transfusions and is associated with postoperative infections, reduced graft survival, multi-organ dysfunction, and higher risk of mortality. Efforts to reduce intraoperative bleeding leading to limitation of blood transfusions are desirable to improve results and also to control costs.Method of literature search:

1. The name of topic is typed and searched in Google search.
2. The name of topic is typed and searched in PubMed search. Related articles were also searched.
3. Some standard books in Transfusion Medicine were also referred.

     

The peculiarities of bone exchange disorder and its regulation in men after long terms following orthotopic heart transplantation and cadaveric kidney transplantation

The study found bone exchange disorder manifested by accelerated bone resorption, retarded bone formation, and the loss of the bone mineral density (BMD) of the axial and peripheral skeleton in 19 men (39 observations) 66 +/- 44 months following orthotopic heart transplantation (OTHT) and in 92 men 45 +/- 28 months after cadaveric kidney transplantation. An accelerated bone resorption, more pronounced in cadaveric kidney (CK) recipients, is associated with hyperparathyroidism (HPT) and renal dysfunction, while bone formation retardation is associated with a decrease in insulin-like growth factor-1 level. An increase in osteoprotegerin level is of compensatory character. The prominence of HPT depends on the degree of renal dysfunction; in CK recipients it also depends on the degree of the reduction in the levels of biologically active testosterone and estradiol. Reduction in BMD of the peripheral skeleton after OTHT are associated with the degree of renal dysfunction and a decrease in free testosterone index; after CK transplantation it is associated with HPT, the cumulative dose of glucocorticoids, reduction in the levels of biologically active testosterone and estradiol, as well as sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG); reduction in spine BMD is only associated with SHBG.