对女子手球运动员膝关节屈伸肌群进行等速测试

目的对广东省女子手球队运动员膝关节进行等速向心测试,探讨手球项目运动员膝关节屈伸肌群等速测试特征,为手球项目运动员的力量训练和相关的体育科研提供参考。方法运用CON-TREX等速测试系统对14名广东省女子手球运动员的膝关节进行等速向心测试,选取相对峰力矩、屈伸肌峰力矩比值、平均功率、总功和疲劳指数5个指标来研究手球项目运动员膝关节屈伸肌群的等速测试特征。选取独立样本t检验比较屈肌和伸肌的测试结果。结果膝关节伸肌相对峰力矩值在慢速测试(60°/s)和快速测试(240°/s)时均明显大于屈肌(P<0.01);女手队员膝关节屈伸肌峰力矩比值在快速测试(240°/s)时为76%左右;膝关节屈伸肌平均功率和总功在慢速测试(60°/s)时表现为伸肌大于屈肌(P<0.01),在快速测试(240°/s)时表现为左膝关节伸肌大于屈肌(P<0.05);女手队员膝关节屈伸肌疲劳指数范围在0～0.49之间。结论女手队员膝关节伸肌的最大力量和快速力量大于屈肌;女手队员膝关节屈伸肌峰力矩比值在快速测试(240°/s)时略微偏低,说明女手队员膝关节屈肌快速力量偏低;女手队员膝关节伸肌的快速力量和肌肉工作能力均大于屈肌;女手队员膝关节屈伸肌疲劳指数偏低,说明女手队员膝关节屈伸肌的力量耐力水平比较低。     

青少年运动员肩关节屈伸肌等速肌力测试与分析

BACKGROUND: The isokinetic muscle strength test system can quantitatively test the shoulder flexor and extensor muscles and objectively analyze the relationship between size and balance of flexor and extensor. Therefore, it could be used for strength training monitoring as well as prediction and rehabilitation of sports injuries. OBJECTIVE: To understand shoulder flexor and extensor strength characteristics of adolescent softball players, and find out shortcomings in the shoulder flexor and extensor strength to provide guidance for adolescent athletes’ strength training and point out possible sports injury risks caused by imbalanced strength. METHODS: ISOMED2000 isokinetic testing system (D&R, Germany) was employed to test the isokinetic strength of shoulder flexor and extensor of 12 adolescent female softball players from Shanghai Sports University, China. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With the increase of test speed, the bilateral shoulder flexor and extensor peak torque, the flexor and extensor average power ratio, and the flexor and extensor powers were reduced, but the flexor and extensor average power was on the rise. Under the same test speed, flexor and extensor peak torque, the flexor and extensor peak torque ratio, the flexor and extensor average power, the flexor and extensor average power ratio and the flexor powers of the throwing shoulder were significantly larger than those of the non-throwing shoulder (P < 0.05), while the extensor peak torque and the extensor average power of the throwing and non-throwing shoulders showed no significant differences (P > 0.05). Under the same test speed, bilateral shoulder homonymous flexor strength ratio was larger than that of the extensor, and the extensor power of the throwing shoulder was less than that of the non-throwing shoulder. The ratio of homolateral shoulder flexor and extensor ranged from 70% to 80%. These results indicate that there is a significant difference between the flexor strength of the bilateral shoulders in adolescent softball players, but the bilateral extensor strength is similar. Flexor fast strength and extensor maximum strength of the throwing shoulder are lower. Besides, the isokinetic muscle strength test system can be used to evaluate the flexor and extensor strength in adolescent softball athletes, based on which coaches can give targeted strength training in adolescent softball athletes. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

女子曲棍球运动员膝关节屈伸肌群等速测试与分析

背景：等速测试系统已广泛应用来评价不同项目运动员关节肌群的力量特征。 目的：测试广东省女子曲棍球运动员的膝关节进行等速向心,观察曲棍球项目运动员膝关节屈伸肌群的等速向心测试力量特征。 方法：运用CON-TREX等速测试系统对广东省14名现役女子曲棍球运动员的膝关节进行等速向心测试。检测指标为相对峰力矩、关节肌群屈伸肌峰力矩比值、平均功率、总功和疲劳指数。 结果与结论：在60 (°/s)慢速测试时,女子曲棍球队员的两侧膝关节肌群相对峰力矩值表现为伸肌大于屈肌(P < 0.01);左膝关节屈伸肌峰力矩比值在3种不同测试速度下的范围为66%~77%,右膝关节屈伸肌峰力矩比值为82%~88%;左膝关节伸肌平均功率值均大于屈肌(P < 0.01);左右膝关节伸肌的总功值均大于屈肌(P < 0.01);膝关节屈伸肌疲劳指数范围在0.24~0.48之间。膝关节伸肌的最大力量大于屈肌,屈伸肌峰力矩比值在240 (°/s)快速测试时略微偏低,而右膝关节屈伸肌峰力矩比值在慢速测试时偏高,说明女子曲棍球队员左膝关节屈肌快速力量偏低,右膝关节伸肌最大力量比较低,伸肌的快速力量大于屈肌,伸肌的工作能力强于屈肌,屈伸肌的力量耐力水平比较低。     

87例慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者上下肢肌力等速测试分析

目的　运用等速肌力测试分析慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者上、下肢屈、伸肌群的肌力情况。 方法　对87例COPD患者（实验组,其中轻度17例、中度44例、重度26例）和34例健康体检者（对照组）进行肘和膝屈、伸肌群等速肌力测试,分别记录角速度60°/s、180°/s时上、下肢屈、伸肌群的峰力距;计算下肢屈、伸肌群的易疲劳指数。 结果　实验组屈肘肌群和伸肘肌群峰力距分别为（20.56±7.54）N·m、（22.61±9.26）N·m,屈膝肌群和伸膝肌群峰力距分别为（35.78±16.99）N·m、（71.86±27.98）N·m,均低于对照组（P＜0.05）;实验组下肢屈、伸肌群的易疲劳指数低于对照组（P<0.05）。 结论　等速肌力测试可作为分析COPD患者外周肌力变化的一种方法。     

87例慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者上下肢肌力等速测试分析

目的　运用等速肌力测试分析慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者上、下肢屈、伸肌群的肌力情况。 方法　对87例COPD患者（实验组,其中轻度17例、中度44例、重度26例）和34例健康体检者（对照组）进行肘和膝屈、伸肌群等速肌力测试,分别记录角速度60°/s、180°/s时上、下肢屈、伸肌群的峰力距;计算下肢屈、伸肌群的易疲劳指数。 结果　实验组屈肘肌群和伸肘肌群峰力距分别为（20.56±7.54）N·m、（22.61±9.26）N·m,屈膝肌群和伸膝肌群峰力距分别为（35.78±16.99）N·m、（71.86±27.98）N·m,均低于对照组（P＜0.05）;实验组下肢屈、伸肌群的易疲劳指数低于对照组（P<0.05）。 结论　等速肌力测试可作为分析COPD患者外周肌力变化的一种方法。     

膝屈伸肌群等速肌力训练改善膝骨性关节炎患者步态的效果分析

目的探讨膝屈伸肌群等速肌力训练改善膝骨性关节炎(KOA)患者步态的效果。方法采用前瞻性研究方法,为保证研究的安全性和科学性,选择2013年2月~2015年10月在我院诊治的KOA患者98例,根据入院顺序分为观察组与对照组各49例,两组都给予玻璃酸钠关节腔内注射和关节松动治疗,对照组给予积极康复训练,观察组给予膝屈伸肌群等速肌力训练,治疗观察时间都为4周。结果观察组与对照组的疗效优良率分别为93.9%和75.5%,观察组明显高于对照组(0.05)。治疗后观察组与对照组的Lysholm膝关节功能评分分别为(86.33±11.31)分和(75.84±10.71)分,都明显高于治疗前的(56.24±12.55)分和(56.24±11.12)分,组内与组间对比差异都有统计学意义(0.05)。观察组治疗后的屈肌PT与AOPT值分别为(21.87±3.67)N·m和(99.23±11.48)°,而对照组分别为(18.34±4.11)N·m和(89.02±10.45)°,都明显高于治疗前(0.05),且组间对比差异有统计学意义(0.05)。两组在治疗期间都无严重并发症,但观察组的恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹胀等并发症发生率明显少于对照组(0.05)。结论膝屈伸肌群等速肌力训练在KOA患者中的应用能显著缓解疼痛、增强膝关节功能,具有很好的安全性,从而促进步态改善,具有重要的推广价值。     

膝骨关节炎与膝关节伸、屈肌群肌力的相关性研究

目的通过研究膝骨关节炎(knee osteoarthritis,KOA)症状及病变阶段与膝关节伸、屈肌群肌力的相关性,探讨KOA患者肌力训练的关键肌群。方法社区募集健康老年人、单膝KOA患者、双膝KOA患者共99位志愿者,应用膝关节等速肌力测试、WOMAC评分、6 min步行测试、CS-30测试,分析志愿者膝关节伸、屈肌群峰力矩与KOA症状、全身有氧运动能力、关节功能等的相关性。结果单膝KOA组患者患侧膝关节伸肌群等速峰力矩显著低于健侧。双膝KOA组患者症状严重侧和症状较轻侧膝关节伸、屈肌群等速峰力矩差异均有统计学意义。双膝KOA组患者膝关节伸肌群等速峰力矩显著低于健康组。KOA患者膝关节伸、屈肌群等速峰力矩与CS-30测试、6 min步行测试均呈正相关,均与年龄呈负相关;膝关节伸肌群等速峰力矩与WOMAC评分的疼痛和功能障碍项呈负相关。结论膝关节伸、屈肌群均与KOA相关,KOA康复过程中不仅需重视股四头肌等伸肌群的训练,而且要兼顾腘绳肌、腓肠肌等屈肌群的训练。     

等动肌力测试10岁健康儿童肩关节屈伸肌群的发育特征

背景：肩关节是人体最灵活的关节,目前对儿童肩关节肌群发育特征的研究非常少见。 目的：通过等动肌力测试分析10岁儿童肩关节屈伸肌群力量的发育特征。 方法：运用Kinitech等动测力系统对59名10岁儿童双侧肩关节屈伸肌进行60,120 (°)/s两种速度测试。 结果与结论：①同一测试速度下同侧同名肌群男女比较,左右肩关节屈伸峰力矩、最大功率值差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。②左肩关节：男性屈肌在120 (°)/s速度下的相对体质量峰力矩值高于女性(P < 0.05),伸肌在60,120 (°)/s速度下数值高于女性(P < 0.01或P < 0.05);男性屈肌在60 (°)/s速度下的相对体质量最大功率值高于女性(P < 0.05),伸肌在60,120 (°)/s测试速度下的相对体质量最大功率值高于女性(P < 0.05或P < 0.01)。③右肩关节：男性伸肌在60,120 (°)/s速度下的相对体质量峰力矩值高于女性(P < 0.05);男女屈肌在60,120 (°)/s速度下的相对体质量最大功率值差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05),男性伸肌在60,120 (°)/s速度下的相对体质量最大功率值高于女性(P < 0.01或P < 0.05)。说明10岁儿童男女相比,肩关节屈伸肌群发育无明显差异;自身相比,男女儿童肩关节伸的肌群力量要好于屈肌群,屈伸比在合理范围之内。     

等速肌力测试膝、踝关节及腰背肌力量的评价

背景：等速肌力测试已普遍用来作为运动员肌肉系统的机能状态和运动损伤的治疗效果评定的一种客观指标。 目的：探讨作为足球运动专项肌群的腰背肌、膝关节以及踝关节肌力特征。 方法：运用Cybex-Norm等速肌力测试与训练系统评价足球运动员在不同角速度下的膝、踝关节及腰背肌群屈伸肌峰力矩、相对峰力矩以及耐力水平。 结果与结论：运动员膝、踝关节左右两侧肌力发展较为均衡(< 5%),膝关节伸肌峰力矩和相对峰力矩偏低,屈肌峰力矩和相对峰力矩偏高,左侧膝关节表现尤为突出,不利于比赛时有效地控球、踢球和纵跳等动作的完成;腰背肌群相对峰力矩值相对较弱,容易在运动过程中发生损伤,引起下背痛类疾病;膝、踝关节以及腰背肌群的速度耐力水平均有较大提高空间。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

等速肌力训练对早中期膝关节骨性关节炎患者膝关节功能的影响

目的 探讨等速肌力训练对早中期膝关节骨性关节炎患者膝关节功能的影响。方法 选取2016年6月~2018年1月天津北大医疗海洋石油医院康复医学科收治的早中期KOA患者90例为研究对象,随机分为观察组及对照组,每组45例。对照组在常规药物治疗基础上给予关节松动训练和威伐光治疗,观察组在对照组治疗基础上增加等速肌力训练。评估所有患者治疗前、治疗后4周视觉模拟评分（VAS）、膝关节主动活动度（AROM）、Lysholm膝关节功能评分,并进行等速肌力测试。结果 与治疗前相比,经4周治疗后所有患者VAS评分、AROM评分、Lysholm膝关节功能评分,峰力矩（PT）、总功量（Tw）均较治疗前有改善,观察组治疗后VAS评分（2.65±0.81）分、AROM评分（92.23±7.83）分、Lysholm膝关节功能评分（76.23±5.42）分、伸肌群PT（67.23±5.42）N·m、屈肌群PT（51.35±4.72）N·m、伸肌群Tw（638.43±202.31）N·m、屈肌群Tw（616.50±210.52）N·m改善均优于对照组的（3.82±0.65）分、（81.98±7.38）分、（67.90±4.22）分、（56.90±4.32）N·m、（41.17±5.13）N·m、（520.32±211.51）N·m、（495.01±197.43）N·m,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 在关节松动训练和威伐光治疗治疗基础上增加等速肌力训练,可更好改善早中期KOA患者关节活动度、疼痛、肌力,进而改善患者膝关节功能及日常生活能力。     

Isokinetic strength in weight-trainers

Summary Isokinetic strength of ankle plantarflexion (APF), knee extension (KE) and elbow extension (EE) was measured in male weight-trainers (6 power-lifters and 7 bodybuilders) and 25 untrained men of similar age and height. The weight-trainers exceeded control subjects by 21%, 25% and 73% in APF, KE and EE strength respectively. A similar pattern was obtained for limb girth, in which the weight-trainers exceeded control subjects by 6%, 13%, and 31% in calf, thigh and arm girth, respectively. Strength was similarly enhanced in the weight-trainers at the lower and higher velocities (APF 0.10, 0.63 rad·s^–1, KE and EE 0.52, 3.14 rad·s^–1) tested, and accounted for the positive correlation (r=0.84) observed between low and high velocity strength. The powerlifters differed significantly from the bodybuilders only in their greater low velocity APF strength. The relatively greater enhancement of upper versus lower limb strength and muscle mass in the weight-trainers was considered in respect to training habits, trainability of different muscle groups and the state of training of muscle groups in untrained men.This study was funded by the Muscular Dystrophy Association of Canada     

Multilevel modelling of longitudinal changes in isokinetic knee extensor and flexor strength in adolescent soccer players

The purpose of the study was to model the longitudinal development of knee extension (KE) and flexion (KF) strength in adolescent soccer players. A mixed-longitudinal sample composed of 67 soccer players aged 11.0–13.9?years at baseline was followed on three-to-five occasions over 5 years. Stature, body mass and several skinfold thicknesses were measured. Fat mass was estimated from skinfolds and fat-free mass (FFM) derived. Skeletal age was estimated with the TW2-RUS protocol. An isokinetic dynamometer was used to obtain peak torque of KE and KF from concentric assessments at an angular velocity of 180°/s. Multilevel random effects regression analyses were performed. Among youth soccer players aged 11–16?years, isokinetic strength of the knee muscle groups was reasonably predicted from chronological age (CA), stature and FFM: KE?=?–66.170?+?5.353?×?(CA)?+?0.594?×?(CA²)?+?0.552?×?(stature)?+?1.414?×?(FFM), and KF?=?–9.356?+?2.708?×?(CA)?+?1.552?×?(FFM). In conclusion, CA per se accounted for annual increments of 5.4?Nm in KE and 2.7?Nm in KF.     

Excitability changes of extensor motoneurons and primary afferent endings during prolonged stimulation of flexor afferents

Summary Long trains of electrical stimuli supramaximal for Group I fibers of PBST nerves were used to study the effect on GS pathway. Inhibition of GS monosynaptic response occurred during PBST stimulation: however, decline in the inhibition developed with time despite the constancy of the inhibitory input monitored from the dorsal root. The level of recovery of the monosynaptic reflex at steady state depended upon the frequency of PBST stimulation, the higher the frequency the more complete the recovery. The effect of increasing the frequency of GS stimulation was to increase the inhibitory effect from PBST. Enhanced excitability of GS primary afferent endings in monosynaptic contact with homonymous motoneurons occurred and decreased parallel to the recovery of the monosynaptic response. When present, the polysynaptic response evoked by stimulating GS peripheral nerves increased during PBST stimulation in an inverse relation to changes in the monosynaptic response. Intracellular recordings from GS motoneurons usually revealed no change in membrane potential or in excitability of postsynaptic membrane to direct stimulation. Increased delay of intracellular GS spike potential was observed during PBST stimulation. The amount of this shift can be accounted for by polysynaptic activation of the same motoneuron.This research was supported by U.S. Public Health Service grants NB 05381, 5K3 NB-6877 and FR 00326 and by a Ford Foundation grant to the Division of Biology.     

Measurement of fatigue in knee flexor and extensor muscles

In order to examine fatigue of the knee flexor and extensor muscles and to investigate the characteristics of muscular fatigue in different sports, a Cybex machine was used to measure muscle fatigue and recovery during isokinetic knee flexion and extension. Eighteen baseball players, 12 soccer players and 13 marathon runners were studied. Each subject was tested in the sitting position and made to perform 50 consecutive right knee bends and stretches at maximum strength. This was done 3 times with an interval of 10 min between each series. The peak torque to body weight ratio and the fatigue rate were determined in each case. In all subjects, the peak torque to body weight ratio was higher for extensors than flexors. Over the 3 trials, the fatigue rate of extensors showed little change, while that of flexors had a tendency to increase. In each subject, knee extensors showed a high fatigue rate but a quick recovery, while knee flexors showed a low fatigue rate but a slow recovery. As the marathon runners had the smallest fatigue rates for both flexors and extensors, we concluded that marathon runners had more stamina than baseball players and soccer players.     

Knee extensor strength and hop test performance following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Background

Knee extensor strength and single limb hop for distance have been suggested as useful measures to evaluate readiness to return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.The aim of the study was to examine the association between knee extensor strength and single leg hop for distance following ACL reconstruction and to determine the proportion of patients with knee extensor strength symmetry deficits at six and 12 months.