电针抑制骨性关节炎的炎症反应及延缓关节软骨退变

背景：研究表明基质金属蛋白酶3在关节软骨退变和破坏中有重要意义。 目的：观察长针透刺与透明质酸钠治疗大鼠膝骨关节炎后,大鼠化膜组织中基质金属蛋白酶3含量变化。 方法：SD大鼠通过膝关节腔内注射1.6%木瓜蛋白酶溶液并驱赶大鼠活动建立膝骨关节炎模型。造模2周后随机分为3组,长针透刺组用直径0.30 mm、长125 mm规格的毫针透刺大鼠犊鼻穴和膝眼穴;药物治疗组关节腔内注射透明质酸钠;模型组不干预。并设立不造模的正常组。 结果与结论：治疗4周后,模型组大鼠滑膜组织基质金属蛋白酶3含量较正常组显著升高(P < 0.05),长针透刺组、药物治疗组基质金属蛋白酶3含量较模型组显著降低(P < 0.05),长针透刺组与药物组相近(P > 0.05)。证实长针透刺疗法能有效纠正膝骨关节炎模型大鼠化膜组织中基质金属蛋白酶3的异常表达,这也可能是长针透刺治疗膝骨关节炎的作用原理之一。     

长针透刺膝骨关节炎模型大鼠滑膜组织中基质金属蛋白酶3的变化

背景：研究表明基质金属蛋白酶3在关节软骨退变和破坏中有重要意义。 目的：观察长针透刺与透明质酸钠治疗大鼠膝骨关节炎后,大鼠化膜组织中基质金属蛋白酶3含量变化。 方法：SD大鼠通过膝关节腔内注射1.6%木瓜蛋白酶溶液并驱赶大鼠活动建立膝骨关节炎模型。造模2周后随机分为3组,长针透刺组用直径0.30 mm、长125 mm规格的毫针透刺大鼠犊鼻穴和膝眼穴;药物治疗组关节腔内注射透明质酸钠;模型组不干预。并设立不造模的正常组。 结果与结论：治疗4周后,模型组大鼠滑膜组织基质金属蛋白酶3含量较正常组显著升高(P < 0.05),长针透刺组、药物治疗组基质金属蛋白酶3含量较模型组显著降低(P < 0.05),长针透刺组与药物组相近(P > 0.05)。证实长针透刺疗法能有效纠正膝骨关节炎模型大鼠化膜组织中基质金属蛋白酶3的异常表达,这也可能是长针透刺治疗膝骨关节炎的作用原理之一。     

盐酸氨基葡萄糖联合非类固醇类抗炎药治疗小关节退变伴下腰痛

背景：盐酸葡萄糖胺对骨关节炎的治疗作用在膝关节已经得到证实,然而盐酸氨基葡萄糖与非类固醇类抗炎药物联用的治疗腰背痛鲜有报道。 目的：探讨盐酸氨基葡萄糖与小剂量非类固醇类抗炎药物联用治疗腰椎小关节退变伴下腰痛的临床效果。 方法：纳入35例小关节退变伴下腰痛患者,给予口服盐酸氨基葡萄糖750 mg,2次/d,外加双氯酚酸钠缓释片75 mg,1次/d,周期8周。使用Oswestry残疾指数、目测类比疼痛评分和SF-36量表在治疗前,治疗完成时和完成治疗后8周进行评估。 结果与结论：33例完成最终的随访,男女比例为1∶2,平均(41.2±10.3)岁。经过治疗,患者的腰痛和腿痛症状,腰椎功能和生活质量均有显著改善和提高(P < 0.05)。提示,盐酸氨基葡萄糖与小剂量非类固醇类抗炎药物联用对小关节退变伴腰痛患者有一定治疗作用。     

雌激素与葛根素组合治疗去卵巢大鼠骨症的最佳剂量

背景：小剂量的葛根素联合雌二醇对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松症的治疗效果与单独使用较大剂量的葛根素或较大剂量的雌二醇效果相近。 目的：寻找治疗Ⅰ型骨质疏松症最佳的雌二醇和葛根素的剂量搭配。 方法：64只健康雌性大白鼠等分为假手术组、去卵巢模型组、葛根素-50组、雌二醇-200组、葛根素+雌二醇-5,50,100,150组。除假手术组外,其余大鼠均建立去卵巢动物模型。葛根素-50组大鼠皮下注射葛根素50 mg/kg,1次/d;雌二醇-200组大鼠皮下注射雌二醇200 μg/kg,2次/周;葛根素+雌二醇-5,50,100,150组大鼠皮下注射葛根素25 mg/kg,1次/d同时分别注射雌二醇5,50,100,150 μg/kg,2次/周。 结果与结论：去卵巢模型组大鼠骨密度和骨钙、骨磷水平明显低于假手术组(P < 0.05),骨组织呈骨质疏松的病理改变;葛根素和/或雌二醇治疗10,20周后骨密度和骨钙、骨磷水平明显升高(P < 0.05),其中葛根素+雌二醇-100组治疗去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松的效果最为明显,提示葛根素25 mg/kg,1次/d+雌二醇100 μg/kg,2次/周是治疗去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松的最佳搭配剂量。     

去卵巢牙周炎模型大鼠牙槽骨吸收与补骨脂的干预

背景：补骨脂在治疗骨质疏松症方面有明显效果。 目的：观察补骨脂对去卵巢牙周炎大鼠牙槽骨代谢、牙槽骨密度及高度的影响。 方法：将30只雌性Wistar大鼠随机等分为3组：去卵巢组和补骨脂组行双侧卵巢切除术,假手术组仅手术不切除卵巢,补骨脂组于卵巢切除第2天灌胃3 g/kg补骨脂水剂,1次/d。去卵巢2周,所有大鼠采用结扎上颌磨牙的方法建立牙周炎模型。 结果与结论：上颌磨牙结扎12周,与假手术组比较,去卵巢组大鼠血清雌二醇、钙离子浓度显著降低(P < 0.05),碱性磷酸酶水平显著升高(P < 0.05),X射线片及苏木精-伊红染色显示去卵巢组大鼠上颌骨骨密度及高度显著降低(P < 0.05);与去卵巢组比较,补骨脂组大鼠血清钙离子浓度显著升高(P < 0.05),碱性磷酸酶水平显著降低(P < 0.05),上颌骨骨密度及高度显著增高(P < 0.05),且与假手术组比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。说明雌激素缺乏促进实验性牙周炎大鼠牙槽骨吸收,补骨脂可有效阻止雌激素降低导致的牙槽骨高度、骨密度降低。     

膝骨关节炎滑液中可溶性晚期糖基化终末产物受体水平与其病变程度的相关性

背景：研究表明骨关节炎患者关节滑液内可溶性晚期糖基化终末产物受体水平可能与关节炎病变的严重程度存在负相关,但在中国报道较少。 目的：观察膝关节骨关节炎患者关节滑液内可溶性晚期糖基化终末产物受体水平与其病变严重程度的关系。 方法：共纳入46名膝关节骨关节炎患者及14名健康对照者,纳入的骨关节炎患者符合美国风湿病学会骨关节炎的临床诊断标准。采用Kellgren-Lawrence的标准对膝关节骨关节炎病变严重程度进行分级,使用人可溶性晚期糖基化终末产物受体水平酶联免疫吸附试剂盒在酶标仪下检测测关节滑液的可溶性晚期糖基化终末产物受体水平。 结果与结论：膝关节骨关节炎患者关节滑液可溶性晚期糖基化终末产物受体水平较健康对照组显著降低(P < 0.01),且与膝关节骨关节炎病变严重程度呈显著独立负相关(r =-0.587,P < 0.01)。结果表明关节滑液可溶性晚期糖基化终末产物受体水平可能与膝关节骨关节炎病变的严重性和进展程度相关。     

睾酮干预雄兔膝骨关节炎软骨中胰岛素样生长因子1的表达

背景：睾酮对骨关节炎的作用尚无一致的观点,其调节软骨代谢的作用鲜有文献报道。 目的：观察睾酮对膝骨关节炎雄兔关节软骨中胰岛素样生长因子1表达的影响。 方法：24只雄兔随机分成4组,采用改良Hulth法建立右膝骨关节炎模型;假去势组不切除睾丸,其余3组切除双侧睾丸。第8周末处死假去势组和去势8周组兔取材。第9周开始,激素组肌注生理剂量十一酸睾酮(6 mg/kg, 2周1次),去势16周组正常喂养,并于16周末处死并取材。 结果与结论：大体和组织学观察显示各组兔膝关节软骨的病变程度为假去势组优于去势8周组,激素组优于去势16周组。免疫组化染色显示胰岛素样生长因子1在所有兔膝关节软骨中均有表达,阳性细胞个数假去势组高于去势8周组(P < 0.05),激素组高于去势16周组(P < 0.05),去势8周组与去势16周组差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。说明睾酮可通过上调去势雄兔关节软骨中胰岛素样生长因子1的表达,延缓软骨退变。     

骨吸收抑制剂降钙素对骨关节炎大鼠软骨组织形态及蛋白多糖的影响

背景：近年来有报道指出降钙素在临床上治疗骨关节炎有较好的临床疗效,但关于其对骨关节炎的作用机制却少有报道。目的：观察降钙素对实验性骨关节炎模型大鼠软骨组织形态及蛋白多糖的影响。方法：将30只SD大鼠随机均分为3组,模型组与给药组均切断右肢前交叉韧带制作骨关节炎模型,假手术组仅打开关节腔,不做韧带切断,给药组于造模后成功后第2天开始皮下注射降钙素15 IU/(kg•d),模型组与假手术组均皮下注射等量生理盐水,连续给药6周。造模后10周,观察各组大鼠胫骨关节面,X射线检查股骨远端和内外侧踝软骨下骨骨密度,苏木精-伊红染色观察骨组织形态,甲胺苯蓝染色观察软骨组织中蛋白多糖含量。结果与结论：假手术组大鼠胫骨关节面光滑,有光泽;模型组大鼠胫骨关节面无光泽,关节软骨暗红色,有较大溃疡面形成;给药组大鼠软骨面无光泽,局部溃疡,表面粗糙不平。与假手术组比较,模型组内外侧踝软骨下骨骨密度、骨体积、骨小梁数目升高(P < 0.05),骨小梁分离度及蛋白多糖含量降低(P < 0.05);给药组内外侧踝软骨下骨骨密度、骨体积、骨小梁数目低于模型组(P < 0.05),骨小梁分离度及蛋白多糖含量高于模型组(P < 0.05)。表明降钙素对骨关节炎大鼠软骨有较好的保护作用,并能促进骨组织分泌蛋白多糖。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

维药买朱尼对骨关节炎大鼠模型关节软骨中基质金属蛋白酶1和基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂1的影响

背景：骨关节炎患者关节软骨的损害与基质金属蛋白酶1和基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂失平衡有关。 目的：观察基质金属蛋白酶1、基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂1在关节软骨中的表达及维药买朱尼对其影响。 方法：将20只SD大鼠采用改良Hulth造模法建立大鼠膝骨关节炎模型,按随机数字表法随机等分为买朱尼组和模型组,建模第2周开始分别灌胃维药买朱尼和生理盐水,连续4周。 结果与结论：相比于模型组,买朱尼组大鼠膝关节软骨退变程度减轻,软骨大体评分及Mankin评分降低(P < 0.05),且膝关节软骨细胞中基质金属蛋白酶1的表达降低,基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂1的表达增加(P < 0.05)。说明维药买朱尼可以通过下调基质金属蛋白酶1的表达水平、上调抑制剂的表达水平,对软骨产生保护作用。     

骨关节炎患者全膝关节置换：多中心的随机对照

背景：年龄在60岁以上存在关节疼痛、功能障碍和关节畸形的骨关节炎患者均可以考虑行全膝关节置换。 目的：比较传统全膝关节置换、微创全膝置换和避开股四头肌的微创全膝置换后早期膝关节功能恢复情况的差异。 方法：选择北京301医院、山东省立医院、山东省交通医院获得随访的120例骨关节炎患者,其中42例接受常规全膝关节置换,42例接受微创全膝关节置换,36例接受避开股四头肌的微创全膝关节置换。所有患者置换后第2,6,12周进行膝关节HSS评分及关节活动度检测。 结果与结论：微创全膝关节置换组及避开股四头肌的微创全膝关节置换组较常规全膝关节置换组手术时间长(P < 0.01),出血量少(P < 0.01);两微创手术组间差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。置换后2周微创全膝关节置换组及避开股四头肌的微创全膝关节置换组关节活动度、HSS评分均优于常规全膝关节置换组(P < 0.01),两微创组间关节活动度差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05),但避开股四头肌的微创全膝关节置换组HSS评分优于微创全膝关节置换组(P < 0.01);置换后6,12周3组HSS评分及关节活动度差异无显著意义(P > 0.05)。提示避开股四头肌的微创全膝关节置换与微创全膝关节置换以及常规全膝关节置换相比,手术损伤较小,术后疼痛程度更轻,术后能早期进行康复锻炼。     

改构型酸性成纤维细胞生长因子对衰老模型大鼠自由基与脂质过氧化物的影响

背景：有研究表明改构型酸性成纤维细胞生长因子是多功能生长因子,但其抗衰老作用至今尚未见报道。 目的：观察改构型酸性成纤维细胞生长因子对D-半乳糖致衰老大鼠脑组织、肝组织及血清中超氧化物歧化酶活力、丙二醛含量和抑制羟自由基能力的影响。 方法：选择成年Wistar大鼠皮下注射D-半乳糖建立衰老模型,建模成功后随机分为模型组、生理盐水对照组和改构型酸性成纤维细胞生长因子治疗组,另设正常对照组。改构型酸性成纤维细胞生长因子组按12 µg/kg剂量肌肉注射改构型酸性成纤维细胞生长因子,生理盐水对照组肌肉注射等量的生理盐水,模型组不作干预。 结果与结论：与模型组和生理盐水对照组相比,改构型酸性成纤维细胞生长因子治疗组脑组织、肝组织及血清中超氧化物歧化酶活力和抑制羟自由基能力均显著升高(P < 0.01或P < 0.05),丙二醛含量均显著降低(P < 0.01或P < 0.05)。结果证实,改构型酸性成纤维细胞生长因子可通过降低自由基,提高机体的抗氧化能力来发挥延缓衰老的作用。     

Copper and zinc status in rats with acute inflammation: focus on the inflamed area

Status of copper and zinc in plasma, blood cells, liver and hind paws (sectioned at the tibio-tarsal joint) were evaluated in rats with carrageenan-induced paw-oedema; moreover, concentrations of copper and zinc in the supernatant and cell fractions obtained from exudates pooled from rats with carrageenan-induced pleurisy were also determined.The evaluation of copper and zinc status in the blood and in the liver of rats with carrageenan-induced paw oedema, showed that only minor variations differentiated this experimental pathology from the previously studied carrageenan-induced pleurisy in rat.In inflammatory exudates withdrawn from pleural cavity, copper concentrations were found to be higher than the basal values measured in the whole paw, whereas zinc concentrations were found to be dramatically lower.Thus the induction of the carrageenan paw-oedema determined an increase in copper and a decrease in zinc concentrations in the inflamed paw; however, in the inflamed paw, the total amounts of both copper and zinc were found to be significantly increased.     

氯化胆碱与制动性骨骼肌萎缩肌肉生成抑制素mRNA的表达

背景：研究发现类胆碱物质可增加乙酰胆碱的弥散及终板电流的幅度,对神经肌肉接点功能退化有一定的对抗作用。 目的：观察氯化胆碱对制动性骨骼肌萎缩的防治作用及对骨骼肌萎缩大鼠肌肉生成抑制素mRNA表达的影响。 方法：将30只雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组和治疗组,每组10只。采用可塑性石膏固定模型组和治疗组大鼠右后肢制备肌萎缩模型。治疗组每日灌胃氯化胆碱(150 mg/kg),对照组和模型组灌胃等体积蒸馏水。4周后解剖右后肢腓肠肌,检测腓肠肌收缩张力、肌湿质量、蛋白质水平及肌肉生成抑制素mRNA的表达。 结果与结论：与对照组比较,模型组大鼠腓肠肌的收缩张力、肌湿质量、蛋白质水平均显著降低(P < 0.05或P < 0.01),肌肉生成抑制素mRNA表达显著增高(P < 0.01)。与模型组比较,治疗组大鼠腓肠肌的收缩张力、肌湿质量、蛋白质水平均显著升高(P < 0.05),肌肉生成抑制素mRNA表达显著降低(P < 0.05)。说明氯化胆碱能够显著提高制动性萎缩骨骼肌的收缩张力、肌湿质量、蛋白质水平,减少肌肉生成抑制素mRNA的表达,从而有效抑制骨骼肌制动性萎缩的发生。     

NE-58095: a diphosphonate which prevents bone erosion and preserves joint architecture in experimental arthritis

The rat adjuvant arthritis model, like human rheumatoid arthritis, is characterized by fulminating intra- and periarticular inflammation and bone lysis. This model was used to determine the effectiveness of a potent antiresorptive diphosphonate (NE-58095: monosodium [2-(3-pyridinyl) ethylidene] hydroxy diphosphonate) prophylactically in Lewis rats and therapeutically in Sprague-Dawley rats. Modified Freund's adjuvant (MFA) was injected into the tail of Lewis and Sprague-Dawley rats. Prophylactic treatment in Lewis rats [oral (PO): 14.8 mg/kg/day); subcutaneous (SC): 0.148 mg/kg/day] was begun on the day of MFA injection. A significant reduction in paw swelling was seen as early as day 12 after MFA injection with both oral and parenteral treatment. NE-58095 produced a reduction in paw swelling of 28, 39 and 61% on days 12, 17 and 24 respectively, as compared to the saline-treated MFA control. Bone lysis in the saline-treated MFA group was 85% of total possible incidence for 6 joint regions in the hind paws and 4 regions in the front paws at day 24. This resorption was reduced by 70% in the rats administered NE-58095 PO and SC at 24 days after MFA. In the therapeutic experiments with Sprague-Dawley rats, treatment with NE-58095 (SC: 0.148 mg/kg/day) was begun on day 14 after MFA injection, at which time significant paw swelling (greater than 0.5cc) had occurred. On day 25 (12 days of treatment), paw swelling was reduced 70% by NE-58095 treatment as compared to the saline-treated MFA controls. Histologically, the architecture of the tibio-tarsal joints in the saline-treated MFA rats was affected, in contrast to the NE-58095-treated MFA rats where the architecture of the joint was preserved. This new potent diphosphonate is not an anti-inflammatory compound by any of the classical tests and is effective both orally and parenterally. The mechanism by which this diphosphonate protects joint integrity is not clear but appears to be related to its ability to block bone resorption and the consequent inhibition of the diffusion into the joint space of calcium, chemotactic factors and cytokinas released from bone matrix, resulting in a quenching of the arthritic process.     

The effects of Enterococcus faecium and selenium on methotrexate treatment in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis

The effects of probiotic bacteria Enterococcus faecium (EF) and selenium were studied on methotrexate (MTX) treatment in rats with adjuvant arthritis (AA). Arthritic rats were preventive treated orally with the following substances: lyophilized EF (15mg/kg/day, 5 days a week); sodium selenite pentahydrate (SSe, 0.050mg/kg containing 0.015 mg/kg selenium, 5 days a week); MTX (0.6 mg/kg/week), and their combinations for the period of 50 days from adjuvant application. Levels of serum albumin, serum nitrite/nitrate concentrations, hind paw swelling, arthrogram scores, whole body bone mineral density (BMD), and bone erosions were evaluated as markers of inflammation and destructive changes associated with arthritis. Long-term preventive treatment with low-dose MTX significantly inhibited the markers of both inflammation and arthritis. EF or SSe when administered singly or in combination had no significant effect on given parameters in arthritic rats. EF but not SSe potentiated the beneficial effects of MTX, which resulted in a more significant reduction of hind paw swelling, arthrogram scores and whole body BMD decrease. EF had a tendency to improve also the effect of MTX on serum albumin and nitrite/nitrate concentrations. Our results indicate that EF may increase the preventive effect of MTX treatment in rat AA by improving its anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects.     

外源性硫化氢预处理骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗大鼠心肌梗死

背景：骨髓间充质干细胞移植可促进心肌修复,治疗心肌梗死,但移植后细胞存活率低等原因制约了其应用与发展。 目的：探讨硫化氢预处理对骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗心肌梗死效果的影响。 方法：从(100±20) g SD大鼠中分离培养骨髓间充质干细胞,第4代时按实验分组处理,移植前2 h给予DAPI标记。将50只体质量(200±20) g雄性SD大鼠分为心肌梗死组和假手术组,心肌梗死组结扎冠状动脉前降支建立心肌梗死模型,假手术组只穿线不结扎,每组10只。模型建立24 h后,分组在梗死心肌周围选择4个点,分别注射生理盐水、骨髓间充质干细胞、硫化氢预处理骨髓间充质干细胞及硫化氢。细胞移植4周后用超声心动图检测心功能指标,Masson染色测定梗死交界区胶原。 结果与结论：生理盐水组大鼠心肌纤维化严重,梗死区域无心肌组织再生;外源性硫化氢处理后的骨髓间充质干细胞移植组比单用硫化氢或者骨髓间充质干细胞组心肌纤维化程度轻,胶原组织中可见较多心肌细胞再生。硫化氢预处理骨髓间充质干细胞组左室射血分数、左室短轴缩短率显著高于硫化氢组及骨髓间充质干细胞组(P < 0.05)。提示硫化氢预处理骨髓间充质干细胞可提高移植后的细胞存活率,改善梗死后心功能,其作用优于单用硫化氢或者骨髓间充质干细胞。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程全文链接：     

脂肪源干细胞移植骨质疏松模型大鼠骨密度及骨形态计量学指标的变化

BACKGROUND:Stem cell transplantation is increasingly hoped to promote osteoblast differentiation and inhibit osteoclast proliferation in the treatment of osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE:To study the therapeutic effect of exogenous adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) transplantation on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. METHODS:Thirty Sprague-Dawley female rats were equivalently randomized into sham, model, ADSC transplantation groups. Rats in all groups except the sham group underwent bilateral ovariectomy to make osteoporosis models. Surrounding adipose tissues instead of the ovary were removed in the sham group. After modeling, rats were given 2×10⁶ ADSCs at passage 4 via the tail vein in the transplantation group and the same volume of normal saline in the model group, once a week. After 6 weeks, levels of serum calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase as well as bone mineral density and histomorphometry indicators were detected in rats. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the sham group, the trabecular bone volume fraction was significantly decreased in the model group (P < 0.01), but remarkably increased after ADSC transplantation (P < 0.05). After modeling, the bone trabecular absorption surface percentage and rate of bone trabecular formation were elevated significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), while these increases were improved by ADSC transplantation (P < 0.05). Additionally, the levels of serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase and bone mineral density were significantly decreased after modeling, but were increased after ADSC transplantation. In contrast, the serum level of phosphorus was significantly increased in the model group (P < 0.05) but decreased markedly in the ADSC transplantation group (P < 0.05). To conclude, ADSC transplantation can reduce the loss of bone mass in osteoporosis rats by ovariectomy.     

糖尿病性骨质疏松模型雌激素、一氧化氮及转化生长因子β1的变化

背景：糖尿病和卵巢去势是骨质疏松发生的两大主要原因,均会出现一氧化氮和转化生长因子β1的变化。 目的：探讨雌激素、一氧化氮、转化生长因子β1在糖尿病性骨质疏松模型中的变化及意义。 方法：采用链脲佐菌素诱导制备糖尿病大鼠模型,于造模后4,8,12,16周,进行骨密度检测,并应用放免法检测血清雌激素水平,硝酸还原酶法检测血清一氧化氮水平,ELISA法检测血清转化生长因子β1水平,免疫组织化学法检测骨中转化生长因子β1水平。 结果与结论：随着链脲佐菌素诱导时间的延长,糖尿病大鼠股骨骨密度逐渐降低(P < 0.05或P < 0.01);血清一氧化氮水平逐渐降低(P < 0.05或P < 0.01);血清转化生长因子β1水平逐渐升高(P < 0.01);血清雌激素水平轻度降低,与同时间点正常大鼠比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。免疫组织化学结果显示转化生长因子β1主要表达于成骨细胞的胞浆中,其阳性表达随链脲佐菌素诱导时间的延长逐渐下降(P < 0.01)。说明糖尿病大鼠血清一氧化氮水平和骨组织中转化生长因子β1水平的变化导致了骨吸收增加,骨形成减少,使骨密度降低,参与了糖尿病性骨质疏松的发生。     

Involvement of interleukin-1beta in systemic morphine effects on paw oedema in a mouse model of acute inflammation

Recent studies suggest that peripheral morphine may represent a valuable treatment in acute inflammatory painful diseases through peripheral or central mechanisms. In the present study, anti-inflammatory effects of systemic morphine on carrageenan-induced hind paw oedema were examined in a model of peripheral acute oedema in mice. Carrageenan induced a time-dependent inflammation that was maximal 3 h after administration. While intraperitoneal administration of morphine sulfate at a low dose (1 mg/kg) increased carrageenan-induced hind paw oedema, intraperitoneal injection of morphine sulfate at a high dose (7 mg/kg) resulted in significant anti-inflammatory effects on carrageenan-induced hind paw oedema. These anti-inflammatory effects were blocked by pretreatment with naloxone. Measuring the serum levels of interleukin-1beta revealed that increases in serum levels of this cytokine were involved in morphine anti-inflammatory effects. Pretreatment with naloxone decreased interleukin-1beta serum levels near to those of control group. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that morphine produced pro- or anti-inflammatory effects in a dose-dependent manner through peripheral or central mechanisms. The observed anti-inflammatory effects may be due to an increase in the cytokine production and/or release by host immune systems.     

Anti-arthritic properties of FK506 on collagen-induced arthritis in rats

Objective and design:To determine the effect of FK506 (tacrolimus) on paw inflammation, TNF- expression in joint, and bone and cartilage destruction in type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model in rats.Methods:CIA was induced by immunization of female Lewis rats with an emulsion of bovine type II collagen and incomplete Freunds adjuvant. Paw inflammation was assessed by the increase in paw volume. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) - expression in hind knee joint was assessed by immunohistochemical analysis. Lesions of bone and cartilage were assessed on the basis of histological change in knee joint, radiographic analysis in hind paw, bone mineral density in femora and proteoglycan contents in the cartilage of femoral heads. FK506 at doses of 1, 1.8 and 3.2 mg/kg or its placebo formulation was orally administered to rats for 28 days from the day after immunization (n = 10). Effect of FK506 was compared with that of vehicle (distilled water).Results:FK506 at a dose of 1.8 mg/kg significantly suppressed paw swelling (p < 0.01) and histological change in knee joint (p < 0.05). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- was mainly expressed in the region with a marked infiltration of inflammatory cells in the hind knee joint. FK506 (3.2 mg/kg) markedly reduced TNF- expression. FK506 at a dose of 1.8 mg/kg suppressed radiographic changes in hind paw (p < 0.05) and also recovered the decrease in bone mineral density in the femora (p < 0.05). Proteoglycan contents in the cartilage of femoral heads were determined to evaluate the cartilage destruction more quantitatively and found to significantly decrease in CIA rats. FK506 at a dose of 1.8 mg/kg recovered the loss of proteoglycan contents (p < 0.01).Conclusion:These results show that FK506 is effective in suppressing inflammation, TNF- expression in joint, and damage to bone and cartilage in rat CIA, and may be useful in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.