改性纳米羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸-聚羟乙酸复合骨髓基质干细胞修复兔桡骨缺损*

背景：前期试验证实骨髓基质干细胞能够在改性纳米羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸-聚羟乙酸材料表面黏附、增殖,该材料具有良好的生物安全性。 目的：观察骨髓基质干细胞与改性纳米羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸-聚羟乙酸材料复合修复兔桡骨缺损的效果。 方法：建立兔15 mm桡骨缺损模型,随机分为3组：空白对照组不进行任何处理,实验组植入改性纳米羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸-聚羟乙酸+骨髓基质干细胞组织工程化骨,对照组植入单纯改性纳米羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸-聚羟乙酸支架材料。 结果与结论：①X射线评价：术后1~12周,实验组骨缺损修复程度及速度明显优于空白对照组与对照组(P < 0.05)。②组织学检测：实验组术后4周即可观察到新生骨和纤维组织长入材料空隙,局部形成陷窝结构;8周时新生骨组织增多,部分可观察到成熟的骨小梁结构;12周时可见大量成熟骨细胞,骨小梁排列紧密,移植材料逐步被新生骨取代,与正常骨组织形态基本一致,且骨小梁出现时间早于空白对照组与对照组。说明骨髓基质干细胞复合改性纳米羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸-聚羟乙酸构建的组织工程化骨能够促进骨缺损处新骨的生成,较单纯支架材料具有明显优势。     

蚕丝-聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物复合编织支架的力学性能及细胞相容性

背景：与通常的合成纤维相比,蚕丝力学性能好,又具有一定的延展性,是制作组织工程韧带/肌腱的良好支架材料,但蚕丝丝素纤维降解速度缓慢,难以与组织再生速率相匹配。 目的：分析蚕丝-聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物编织绳状支架的力学性能及其与骨髓间充质干细胞体外共培养的细胞相容性。 方法：通过捻拧编织蚕丝-聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物细丝混合支架,并以纤维连接蛋白作表面修饰,检测支架的力学性能。将兔骨髓间充质干细胞种植在蚕丝-聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物细丝混合支架上进行体外共培养,观察细胞与支架复合生长、基质形成,以及细胞与支架结合的情况。 结果与结论：蚕丝-聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物混合编织支架呈乳白色,质地均匀,韧性强,为螺旋上升的绳索状,直径为2.3 mm。支架材料的最大负荷、拉伸强度、断点伸长率、弹性模量分别为(315.06±30.77) N、(75.83±7.46) MPa、(61.39±7.26)%、(213.58±23.45) MPa。扫描电镜观察显示,骨髓间充质干细胞贴附于支架表面生长,增殖良好,细胞大多呈梭形,伸出伪足匍匐于材料的表面,形态较佳,伸展良好,呈立体状生长,并分泌基质。表明蚕丝-聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物编织绳状支架具有良好的机械性能及细胞相容性。     

聚乳酸/聚羟基乙酸共聚物修复髌股关节软骨缺损

背景：传统的方法修复软骨损伤,易发生退变。聚乳酸/聚羟基乙酸共聚物具有良好的生物相容性,可根据需要调节降解速度等性能,可能在修复软骨损伤方面具有应用前景。 目的：观察以聚乳酸/聚羟基乙酸共聚物为载体修复兔关节软骨缺损的可行性。 方法：选取2月龄新西兰兔骨髓培养,诱导间充质干细胞向软骨细胞分化。第3代细胞与聚乳酸/聚羟基乙酸共聚物共培养制成聚乳酸/聚羟基乙酸共聚物-细胞复合物。建立兔髌股关节股骨髁部缺损模型,在右侧36个膝关节植入聚乳酸/聚羟基乙酸共聚物-细胞复合物,左侧18膝植入聚乳酸/聚羟基乙酸共聚物,另18膝造成缺损后留作空白对照。术后4,8,12,24,36,48周取材,行大体及组织学观察,组织学评分。 结果与结论：聚乳酸/聚羟基乙酸共聚物-细胞复合物修复大鼠缺损后,软骨细胞分布较均一,色泽与正常软骨相似,与正常软骨界限消失,表面细胞平行于关节面,深层细胞排列紊乱,细胞呈团状,基质异染广泛,软骨下骨形成及潮线恢复正常,与周围正常软骨连接良好。而单纯植入聚乳酸/聚羟基乙酸共聚物或缺损后未处理大鼠缺损边缘细胞呈团块状增生,底部为纤维组织。提示骨髓基质细胞源性软骨细胞是修复关节软骨缺损较理想的种子细胞,聚乳酸/聚羟基乙酸共聚物适合作为组织工程修复关节软骨缺损的支架材料,具有良好的应用前景。     

犬骨髓基质干细胞与聚羟基烷酸酯体外相容性的实验研究

目的：评价聚羟基烷酸酯（PHBV）作为组织工程支架与犬骨髓基质干细胞（BMSCs）的生物相容性。方法:原代培养犬BMSCs，传至3-4代后，接种至PHBV膜和泡沫样三维支架上，以接种至培养板上细胞为对照组，倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态；于培养1、2、3周分别采用4%多聚甲醛固定，常规组织切片，HE染色；在5、10、14 d用Hoechst33258荧光法定量测定细胞内DNA含量，BCA法测定蛋白质含量。结果:倒置显微镜观察PHBV 纤维较粗，且透光性差，在相差显微镜下不易观察。第3-4代BMSCs接种至PHBV膜上2 h后即大部黏附，3 d后伸展良好，呈纺锤形或梭形，在三维支架的孔隙内立体生长，1周开始细胞间连接，3周广泛连接，分泌大量基质；培养接种1周后，取二个膜状PHBV固定，HE染色后，见骨髓基质干细胞增殖。培养接种2周后，骨髓基质干细胞增殖明显，呈梭形密布于膜状PHBV上。培养接种3周后，骨髓基质干细胞增殖较第二周无明显变化。定量测定接种的细胞内DNA含量和蛋白质含量与对照组相比无显著差异。结论:PHBV作为BMSCs的组织工程支架材料，具有良好的生物相容性。     

聚乳酸乙醇酸与猕猴骨髓基质细胞的生物相容性

背景：聚乳酸乙醇酸与不同细胞的生物相容性的报道较多,但探讨其与猕猴骨髓基质细胞生物相容性的研究极少。 目的：观察猕猴骨髓基质细胞的生物学特性以及其与支架材料聚乳酸乙醇酸在体外的生物相容性。 方法：将经流式细胞检测证实的第2代猕猴骨髓基质细胞与聚乳酸乙醇酸支架材料联合培养,以单独培养的骨髓基质细胞作为对照。 结果与结论：猕猴骨髓基质细胞与聚乳酸乙醇酸共培养4 d后,激光共聚焦显微镜下可见CD29阳性的骨髓基质细胞黏附包绕在聚乳酸乙醇酸纤维表面,形成长的细胞链。扫描电镜下可见骨髓基质细胞于聚乳酸乙醇酸上贴附良好,且有较多细长的突起从骨髓基质细胞伸出,沿材料伸展。骨髓基质细胞在聚乳酸乙醇酸浸出液中培养72 h,骨髓基质细胞神经营养因子表达量与对照组比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);培养7 d,其形态、细胞活力、细胞增殖指数与对照组亦无明显差异。提示猕猴骨髓基质细胞与聚乳酸乙醇酸支架材料有良好的生物相容性。     

持续释放神经生长因子的壳聚糖/聚乳酸羟基乙酸/聚乳酸支架促进骨髓间充质干细胞向神经元分化

背景:越来越多的证据显示,神经生长因子对神经元的存活、分化等有着重要的促进作用,但是神经生长因子半衰期短,稳定性较差,限制了它在临床上的广泛应用。目的:探讨大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞在可持续释放神经生长因子的壳聚糖/聚乳酸羟基乙酸/聚乳酸支架上向神经元细胞分化的可行性。方法:构建可持续释放神经生长因子的壳聚糖/聚乳酸羟基乙酸/聚乳酸支架和不含有神经生长因子的壳聚糖/聚乳酸羟基乙酸/聚乳酸支架,将大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞分别接种在两种支架表面,采用低糖DMEM完全培养基中加入碱性成纤维生长因子、脑源性神经营养因子以及N2和B27神经细胞生长添加剂的诱导方案进行成神经诱导分化。诱导18 d后,免疫荧光染色检测神经元标志物(微管相关蛋白2和巢蛋白)的表达,Western blot检测p-TrkA和p-ERK蛋白表达。结果与结论:(1)经过连续18 d的诱导,免疫荧光检测显示微管相关蛋白2阳性细胞在空白支架组约为30%,可持续释放神经生长因子组约为70%,而巢蛋白阳性细胞在空白支架组为40%,可持续释放神经生长因子组约为60%,两组比较差异有显著性意义;(2)Western blot检测结果显示可持续释...     

纳米羟基磷灰石/羧甲基壳聚糖-海藻酸钠复合骨水泥与骨髓基质细胞的生物相容性*☆

背景：在前期的试验中,通过共沉淀法合成了纳米羟基磷灰石/羧甲基壳聚糖-海藻酸钠复合粉体,并与柠檬酸衍生物溶液调和制备出可生物降解、适当力学性能以及较好黏合强度的骨水泥。 目的：验证纳米羟基磷灰石/羧甲基壳聚糖-海藻酸钠复合骨水泥材料对体外兔骨髓基质细胞黏附及增殖的影响,了解材料的生物相容性。 方法：应用共沉淀法制备纳米羟基磷灰石/羧甲基壳聚糖-海藻酸钠复合材料作为骨水泥的固相粉体,将柠檬酸衍生物配制成溶液作为液相调和制备黏合性骨水泥。培养兔骨髓基质细胞,传代扩增后接种到材料上,体外继续培养;以细胞加入无材料的培养皿培养为对照。 结果与结论：体外培养的兔骨髓基质细胞2 d后呈梭形成纤维细胞样,生长良好。有材料实验组细胞数显著多于对照组(P < 0.01)。扫描电镜下骨水泥材料具有良好的多孔网状结构,兔骨髓基质细胞伸出多个伪足样突起,紧密贴附在材料表面。两组细胞均保持持续增殖,2,4,6,和8 d实验组增殖均显著快于对照组(P < 0.01)。提示纳米羟基磷灰石/羧甲基壳聚糖-海藻酸钠复合骨水泥材料具有良好的生物相容性。      

壳聚糖/聚乳酸羟基乙酸组织工程化神经植入犬体内的慢性生物相容性

背景：2个月以内短期生物相容性实验显示,壳聚糖、聚乳酸和聚羟基乙酸对大鼠外周神经均无毒性,可作为组织工程化神经材料。 目的：评价壳聚糖/聚乳酸羟基乙酸组织工程化神经植入Beagle犬体内6个月后的慢性生物相容性。 方法：在壳聚糖神经导管中插入聚乳酸羟基乙酸纤维制备成组织工程化神经,移植桥接Beagle犬坐骨神经50mm缺损,同时以Beagle犬50mm自体神经移植作为对照组。 结果与结论：植入壳聚糖/聚乳酸羟基乙酸组织工程化神经6个月后,Beagle犬精神、食欲、活动等一般情况良好,体质量增加与对照组相当;植入后2,4,6个月血液学和血清生化检测结果与对照组无明显差异;再生神经及其周边组织未出现变性、坏死,心、肝、脾、肺、肾等主要脏器大体解剖和组织切片未见异常。表明壳聚糖/聚乳酸羟基乙酸组织工程化神经植入Beagle犬体内6个月后慢性生物相容性良好。     

蚕丝/聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物支架降解液与骨髓间充质干细胞的增殖

背景：前期研究表明,蚕丝/聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物支架浸提液具有良好的细胞相容性,基本无细胞毒性。 目的：观察蚕丝/聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物纤维细丝混合编织支架体外长期降解过程中降解液对兔骨髓间充质干细胞增殖活性的影响。 方法：将蚕丝/聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物细丝混合编织支架材料置于完全培养基中体外降解14周,每周换液1次,测定各周支架降解液的pH值。将兔骨髓间充质干细胞分组培养,实验组加入各周支架降解液和新鲜完全培养基各100 µL,阴性对照组加入完全培养基200 µL,培养4 d。MTT法检测细胞增殖、生长情况。 结果与结论：①支架降解液pH值的变化：前3周下降缓慢,从7.00降到6.89;第4周起下降较快,6-11周较低,在5.16-5.67之间;12-14周呈上升趋势,回升到6.95。②骨髓间充质干细胞形态：实验组及阴性对照组细胞增殖生长及形态状况基本相似。降解7-10周支架降解液对细胞的生长有抑制作用,细胞数量相对较少、较疏,而其余各周支架降解液对细胞生长无明显抑制作用。③骨髓间充质干细胞的增殖：1-6周及11-14周的支架降解液对细胞增殖无显著影响,细胞相对增殖率均在92.1%以上,毒性分级为0或1级;7-10周的支架降解液虽对细胞增殖有抑制作用,但细胞相对增殖率为82.5%-87.9%,毒性分级为1级,为合格。表明蚕丝丝素/聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物混合编织支架降解液具有良好的细胞相容性。     

应用三维成像和快速成型技术构建犬下颌髁突模型

背景：颅颌面骨为不规则骨,具有复杂的三维立体结构。对于颅颌面的骨缺损,进行个性化精确修复十分重要。计算机辅助设计、计算机辅助制造和激光扫描技术是近年发展起来的高新技术,通过这些技术可以实现颅颌面个性化骨形态结构的三维仿真。 目的：设计一个由计算机辅助设计、计算机辅助制造和激光扫描技术组成的数字医学系统,以实现生物材料对下颌骨髁突等形态的三维模拟。 方法：通过CT扫描获得犬头颅影像信息,计算机辅助设计、计算机辅助制造实现下颌骨形态的三维重建影像,影像数据输入三维打印机,快速成型获得下颌骨髁突的树脂阳模。阴阳模转换获得相应石膏阴模,聚羟基乙酸/聚乳酸阴模内成型,激光三维表面扫描检测聚羟基乙酸/聚乳酸支架和影像原型匹配的精确度。 结果与结论：聚羟基乙酸/聚乳酸支架和影像原型匹配的精确度检测结果显示,当测试点误差小于1.0 mm时,复合率大于95%。提示通过这套数字医学系统,可实现颅颌面骨形态结构生物材料的三维仿真,为下颌骨骨缺损的精确修复打下基础。     

Ultrastructure of bone healing in defects grafted with a copolymer of polylactic/polyglycolic acids

Bone substitutes have been used for the treatment of bone defects. The objective of this study was to ultrastructurally evaluate the healing pattern of bone defects filled with a copolymer of polylactic/polyglycolic acid (FisiograftR) at a time point in which it is expected to be only partially degraded, with the purpose to ultrastructurally analyze how the bone is forming around the grafting material. Three 5-mm-diameter bone defects were created in each tibia from 5 rabbits (average weight 2.5 kg) in which the material was randomly implanted. Animals were sacrificed 30 days after surgery and the 30 bone defects were fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde-2.5% formaldehyde, under microwave irradiation, decalcified in EDTA, embedded in Spurr resin, and examined in a Jeol 1010 TEM. All the bone defects were filled with connective tissue, interspersed with different amounts of the filling material and newly formed bone trabeculae. In areas where the degrading copolymer was present in small amounts, newly formed bone matrix was detected; it was deposited by osteoblast-like cells in close relation to the copolymer. In areas where the degrading copolymer formed accumulates, an amorphous multilayered material was identified between the connective tissue and the copolymer. In summary, the copolymer of PLA/PGA studied appears to be an osteoconductive material when it is used to fill bone defects.     

Osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells on partially demineralized bone scaffolds in vitro

Tissue engineering has been used to enhance the utility of biomaterials for clinical bone repair by the incorporation of an osteogenic cell source into a scaffold followed by the in vitro promotion of osteogenic differentiation before host implantation. In this study, three-dimensional, partially demineralized bone scaffolds were investigated for their ability to support osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in vitro. Dynamic cell seeding resulted in homogeneous cell attachment and infiltration within the matrix and produced significantly higher seeding efficiencies when compared with a conventional static seeding method. Dynamically seeded scaffolds were cultured for 7 and 14 days in the presence of dexamethasone and evaluated on biochemical, molecular, and morphological levels for osteogenic differentiation. Significant elevation in alkaline phosphatase activity was observed versus controls over the 14-day culture, with a transient peak indicative of early mineralization on day 7. On the basis of RT-PCR, dexamethasone-treated samples showed elevations in alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin expression levels at 7 and 14 days over nontreated controls, while bone sialoprotein was produced only in the presence of dexamethasone at 14 days. Scanning electron microscopy evaluation of dexamethasone-treated samples at 14 days revealed primarily cuboidal cells indicative of mature osteoblasts, in contrast to nontreated controls displaying a majority of cells with a fibroblastic cell morphology. These results demonstrate that partially demineralized bone can be successfully used with human BMSCs to support osteogenic differentiation in vitro. This osseous biomaterial may offer new potential benefits as a tool for clinical bone replacement.     

Osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis with cocultured adipose-derived stromal cells and bone marrow stromal cells

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of cocultured adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) in enhancing the osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) as well as the underlying mechanism and the optimal ratio. Two in vitro coculture models, segregated cocultures using transwell and mixed cocultures, were employed to assess the indirect and direct effects of coculture respectively. Coculture was carried out for 14 days using 1 × 10⁵ BMSCs and ASCs of variable number. BMSCs, ASCs, or both were seeded in PLGA scaffold and implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of 25 nude mice for in vivo analysis of angiogenesis. To evaluate the orthotopic bone formation, critical size calvarial defects were created on 20 mice, and implanted with hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate granules plus BMSCs, ASCs, or both. From both transwell and mixed coculture model, 1 × 10⁵ BMSCs cocultured with 0.5 × 10⁵ ASCs showed significantly greater osteogenic differentiation and mineralization than BMSCs alone. The mixed ASC/BMSC coculture at or above a ratio of 0.5/1 showed increased secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and induced effective tube formation from human umbilical vein endothelial cells, which were comparable to ASCs. Cytokine profiling assay and gene expression study showed elevated levels of angiogenic factors VEGF and CXCL1, osteogenic factor Wnt5a as well as transforming growth factor (TGF)-βR1 and SMAD3 from BMSCs when cocultured with ASCs. After 5 weeks of implantation, polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)-ASCs-BMSCs had a number of vascular structures comparable to PLGA-ASCs and significantly greater than PLGA-BMSCs. Calvarial defects treated with ceramic/BMSCs/ASCs had greater area of repair and better reconstitution of osseous structure than the defects treated with ceramic/ASCs or ceramic/BMSCs after 10 weeks. In conclusion, ASCs added to BMSCs promoted osteogenesis and angiogenesis at the optimal ASC/BMSC ratio of 0.5/1.     

丝素蛋白/壳聚糖三维支架与骨髓间充质干细胞的体外培养

背景：前期实验发现丝素蛋白、壳聚糖以适当的比例混合,可以互相弥补各自的不足,表现出良好的理化性质和生物学特性。 目的：观察骨髓间充质干细胞在丝素蛋白/壳聚糖混合三维支架材料上的生长情况。 方法：将诱导后的兔骨髓间充质干细胞接种在丝素蛋白/壳聚糖支架材料上,检测细胞黏附率,倒置显微镜及扫描电镜观察细胞生长情况。 结果与结论：细胞黏附率随时间的延长而增加。倒置显微镜观察显示,丝素蛋白/壳聚糖支架上的细胞看不清,随着时间的延长,支架周围细胞增多,且有细胞伸入支架内;扫面电镜观察显示,细胞生长活跃、增殖分裂正常,细胞周围见颗粒状、丝状基质物质,细胞的微丝与支架材料黏附紧密;细胞不仅可以在材料表面贴附生长,并伸入材料之中。说明丝素蛋白/壳聚糖混合支架材料具有良好的细胞生物相容性。     

Hybrid resistance of bone marrow stroma to precursor cells

The focus of hematopoiesis arising after transplantation of a fragment of bone marrow from a C57BL mouse beneath the capsule of the kidney of a syngeneic mouse contains more hematopoietic cells than if transplanted into a semisyngeneic (CBA x C57BL)F₁ recipient. Experiments with repopulation of the graft, when depopulated by irradiation, by injected hematopoietic cells of the same genotype as the graft (C57BL) showed that these differences are due to the smaller size of the hemotopoietic microenvironment in the focus formed in the hybrid than in the syngeneic system. Hybrid resistance is thus manifested not only against hematopoietic cells, but also against stromal precursors transferring the hematopoietic microenvironment.Laboratory of Cultivation and Transplantation of Bone Marrow, Central Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. A. Fedorov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 339–342, March, 1977.     

骨髓间充质干细胞在淫羊藿苷/羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物支架上的成骨

文题释义：纳米结构：是尺寸介于分子和微米尺度间的物体结构。当纳米羟基磷灰石与高分子材料物理混合后,羟基磷灰石会发生自聚,从而在材料表面产生纳米结构。这种纳米结构有利于细胞(如骨髓充间质干细胞)的黏附,是骨修复材料表面细胞增殖和后期成骨分化的基础。成骨分化：当干细胞接受诱导时可以向成骨细胞转变。淫羊藿苷高分子复合支架与间充质干细胞共培养一段时间后,其骨分化标志物碱性磷酸酶和骨钙素的活性增高,同时成骨相关基因和蛋白(Runx-2、COLⅠ)表达水平上升,即细胞在淫羊藿苷诱导下发生了成骨分化。  摘要背景：近年来,骨组织工程技术为临床治疗骨缺损提供了全新的思路和模式。该研究首次将传统中药与组织工程支架的纳米结构结合,以期探索并构建一种可用于骨缺损治疗的新型骨组织替代材料。目的：研究淫羊藿苷(icariin,ICA)/羟基磷灰石(hydroxyapatite,HA)/聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid),PLGA)复合支架的成骨活性。方法：将HA与PLGA通过物理共混的方式制成HA/PLGA复合支架,然后将其浸泡于不同浓度的ICA溶液中,从而得到ICA/HA/PLGA支架。利用兔骨髓间充质干细胞分别对复合支架的细胞黏附、增殖、成骨作用和细胞毒性进行评价。细胞黏附、细胞增殖和细胞毒性采用MTT法进行检测,碱性磷酸酶活性和骨钙素活性采用ELISA法进行检测,成骨相关基因和蛋白表达水平分别用荧光定量PCR和Western blot法进行检测。结果与结论：①PLGA中加入适量HA可以提高支架的力学强度,且在HA含量为10%时效果最佳,拉伸强度为(1.67±0.37) MPa;压缩模量为(4.17±1.62) MPa,且会在支架表面形成纳米结构;该微结构可以促进骨髓间充质干细胞在支架表面的黏附;②ICA不会影响骨髓间充质干细胞在复合支架上的增殖,且1.00 µmol/L ICA水溶液浸泡后的ICA/HA/PLGA复合支架具有最优的成骨分化功能,其碱性磷酸酶活性、骨钙素活性、成骨相关基因和蛋白(Runx-2和COLⅠ)的表达水平均最高;③ICA/HA/PLGA复合支架无细胞毒性;④结果表明,HA(10%)/ICA(1.00 µmol/L)/PLGA支架具有良好的机械性能、成骨作用和生物相容性,是一种具有良好应用潜力的骨组织工程支架。ORCID: 0000-0002-9770-9109(王德欣) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程     

Engineering bone-like tissue in vitro using human bone marrow stem cells and silk scaffolds

Porous biodegradable silk scaffolds and human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were used to engineer bone-like tissue in vitro. Two different scaffolds with the same microstructure were studied: collagen (to assess the effects of fast degradation) and silk with covalently bound RGD sequences (to assess the effects of enhanced cell attachment and slow degradation). The hMSCs were isolated, expanded in culture, characterized with respect to the expression of surface markers and ability for chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation, seeded on scaffolds, and cultured for up to 4 weeks. Histological analysis and microcomputer tomography showed the development of up to 1.2-mm-long interconnected and organized bonelike trabeculae with cuboid cells on the silk-RGD scaffolds, features still present but to a lesser extent on silk scaffolds and absent on the collagen scaffolds. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the deposited bone corresponded to hydroxyapatite present in the native bone. Biochemical analysis showed increased mineralization on silk-RGD scaffolds compared with either silk or collagen scaffolds after 4 weeks. Expression of bone sialoprotein, osteopontin, and bone morphogenetic protein 2 was significantly higher for hMSCs cultured in osteogenic than control medium both after 2 and 4 weeks in culture. The results suggest that RGD-silk scaffolds are particularly suitable for autologous bone tissue engineering, presumably because of their stable macroporous structure, tailorable mechanical properties matching those of native bone, and slow degradation.     

可注射藻酸盐支架与人骨髓基质干细胞的体外复合培养*☆

背景：目前可注射组织工程骨的研究主要限于动物实验,若人骨髓基质干细胞与藻酸盐生物相容性良好,可注射组织工程骨将是极具前途的临床治疗手段。 目的：体外观察人骨髓基质干细胞与可注射支架藻酸钙凝胶的生物相容性。 方法：实验组将第2代人骨髓基质干细胞与藻酸钙凝胶复合培养,对照组单纯接种骨髓基质干细胞。倒置相差显微镜、扫描电镜观察各组细胞形态及增殖情况,MTT法半定量检测细胞增殖情况。 结果与结论：倒置显微镜下见实验组细胞生长良好,与对照组无明显差异。扫描电镜见骨髓基质干细胞在藻酸钙表面贴附、增殖良好,第6天时细胞已跨越微孔表面或向孔内生长。MTT法显示与对照组相比,实验组细胞增殖能力不受影响。结果初步表明藻酸钙与人骨髓基质干细胞体外生物相容性较好。      

Tissue engineering of human biliary epithelial cells on polyglycolic acid/polycaprolactone scaffolds maintains long-term phenotypic stability

The biliary tree is the target of damage in a number of important liver diseases. Although human biliary epithelial cells (hBECs) can be maintained in vitro for up to 8 weeks, using double-collagen gels, which offer a substantial improvement compared with conventional tissue culture plastic, such gels are unstable and, being only semisolid, they do not lend themselves readily to routine analysis. In this study we have investigated the behavior of primary hBECs on polyglycolic acid (PGA) fiber mesh scaffolds. Experiments showed that PGA fiber mesh scaffolds collapsed after 3 or 4 weeks; hence, in order to improve the integrity of the construct, we also developed a polycaprolactone (PCL)-stabilized PGA scaffold. Cells formed spheroidal aggregates while continuing to proliferate long term and expressing phenotypic stability. Aggregates spontaneously detached from the fibers and could either be left to attach to tissue culture plastic, after which cells spread out and continued to proliferate, or they could be reseeded onto fresh constructs, which then became recolonized and the same pattern of tissue formation was repeated. This behavior was observed even after 6 months and is of major significance because this culture model could therefore be used as a longterm strategy for growing, expanding, and exploiting hBECs for subsequent studies of bile duct morphogenesis and tissue engineering of artificial bile ducts.