浙江省男男性行为人群网络临时性伴的知情交友状况分析

目的 分析浙江省MSM网络临时性伴的HIV感染状况知情交友（知情交友）状况及相关因素,为干预措施制定提供参考依据。方法 2018年6-12月在杭州市、宁波市、温州市、台州市和绍兴市,由社会组织和自愿咨询与检测门诊招募符合研究对象标准的MSM,招募样本量为793人。采用自行设计问卷,采用面对面方式问卷调查,收集社会人口学特征、艾滋病知识、性行为、知情交友行为等信息。采用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计学分析。结果 在MSM 767人中,最近6个月发生网络临时性行为302人,发生网络型临时性行为、网络/场所混合型临时性行为者分别占62.6%（189/302）和37.4%（113/302）。在网络临时性伴的知情交友中,已告知、已询问和已知晓者分别占54.6%（165/302）、49.2%（146/297）和42.9%（82/191）,知晓网络临时性伴HIV阴性状况后坚持使用安全套者占75.8%（113/149）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,最近6个月网络临时性伴的知情交友中未询问的相关因素包括年龄25~34岁（aOR=2.17,95%CI：1.20~3.91）、最近6个月网络临时性伴数>2个（aOR=2.13,95%CI：1.27~3.57）、不认为网络临时性伴HIV感染风险较高（aOR=1.96,95%CI：1.14~3.35）、既往HIV检测数>1次（aOR=0.38,95%CI：0.22~0.66）。结论 浙江省MSM网络临时性伴的知情交友的意愿较高,但知情交友行为及知晓对方HIV检测结果的比例较低,针对MSM的网络临时性伴较多、认为网络临时性伴感染风险低和HIV检测次数较少者,需加强健康教育和促进知情交友的行为干预。     

苏州市MSM人群艾滋病高危行为特征、感染状况及影响因素分析

目的了解苏州市男男性行为者(MSM)艾滋病高危行为特征、感染情况及其影响因素。方法采用横断面调查,采取分类滚雪球抽样的方法于2008年5月起,对苏州市范围内的MSM人群就艾滋病(AIDS)知识态度、高危行为特征的面对面问卷调查结果 ,以及血样的艾滋病病毒(HIV)及其他性传播疾病(STD)感染的实验室检测数据进行统计分析。结果所调查280名MSM中,82.7%最近六个月发生过同性性行为,其中79.4%有多个同性性伴;48.7%曾与异性发生过性行为,其中21.2%有多个异性性伴;最近六个月与同性发生肛交性行为时坚持使用安全套的比例为52.0%,与异性发生性行为时该比例为21.2%。300名被调查者均采集血样进行了血清学检测,确证HIV阳性人数22人,阳性率为7.3%;确证梅毒抗体阳性人数为66人,阳性率为22.0%。在多因素logistic回归模型中,常通过互联网寻找性伴(OR=1.93,95%CI=1.01～3.67)、最近六个月曾与固定性伴发生性行为(OR=0.45,95%CI=0.25～0.79)与最近六个月同性性行为时安全套坚持使用率的关系有统计学意义;梅毒感染(OR=3.17,95%CI=1.25～7.99)与HIV感染的关系具有统计学意义。结论苏州市MSM人群无保护性性行为及多性伴现象较为普遍,HIV和梅毒感染率较高,需要进一步加强对该人群的行为干预以防止艾滋病在该人群中的蔓延以及传播至一般人群。     

Geosocial Networking Smartphone App Use and High-Risk Sexual Behaviors Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Attending University in China: Cross-sectional Study

BackgroundGay apps are smartphone-based geosocial networking apps where many men who have sex with men (MSM) socialize and seek sex partners. Existing studies showed that gay app use is associated with greater odds of high-risk sexual behaviors and potentially more HIV infections. However, little is known about this behavior among young MSM.ObjectiveWe conducted this study to understand gay app use and its influencing factors among MSM attending university in China.MethodsFrom January to March 2019, participants were recruited from 4 regions with large populations of college students in China: Chongqing, Guangdong, Shandong, and Tianjin. The eligibility criteria were MSM aged 16 years or older, self-identified as a university student, and being HIV negative. A self-administered online structured questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographic information, sexual behaviors, gay app use, substance use, and HIV testing history. We performed multivariable log-binomial regression to assess correlates of seeking sex partners via gay apps.ResultsA total of 447 MSM attending university with an average age of 20.4 (SD 1.5) years were recruited. Almost all participants (439/447, 98.2%) reported gay app use at some point in their life, and 240/439 (53.7%) reported ever seeking sex partners via gay apps. Blued (428/439, 97.5%) was the most popular gay app. Higher proportions of sexual risk behaviors (including seeking sex partners via apps [P<.001], engaging in group sex [P<.001], having multiple sex partners [P<.001], unawareness of sex partners’ HIV status [P<.001], and using recreational drugs during sex [P<.02]) were positively associated with the increase in the frequency of gay app use. In multivariable analysis, participants who used gay apps to seek sex partners might be more likely to have multiple sex partners in the past 3 months (adjusted prevalence ratio [APR] 1.53, 95% CI 1.33-1.76; P<.001), engage in group sex in the past 3 months (APR 1.55, 95% CI 1.35-1.78; P<.001), and have sex partners with unknown or positive HIV status (APR 1.72, 95% CI 1.46-2.01; P<.001).ConclusionsSeeking sex partners via gay apps may associate with the increased high-risk sexual behaviors among MSM attending university. The causality between seeking sex partners via gay apps and increased high-risk sexual behaviors should be further investigated so as to inform potential policies for HIV prevention.Trial RegistrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1900020645; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=34741     

HIV感染高风险男男性行为人群合成毒品使用现况及相关因素分析

目的了解HIV感染高风险MSM的合成毒品使用现况及其影响因素。方法2017年1-8月,在广州市、深圳市和无锡市3个城市开展横断面调查,通过检测门诊、线上广告和滚雪球等方式招募HIV感染高风险MSM。纳入标准为≥18岁男性、最近6个月男性性伴数≥2个或与临时性伴发生无保护肛交或患有STD。自填问卷收集社会人口学、性行为特征、HIV/STD检测、合成毒品使用等信息。采集静脉血检测HIV。结果共招募603名HIV感染高风险MSM,最近6个月合成毒品使用的比例为25.5%(154/603,95%CI:22.0%~29.0%),其中广州市为29.1%(88/302,95%CI:24.0%~34.3%)、深圳市为26.3%(40/152,95%CI:19.2%~33.4%)、无锡市为17.4%(26/149,95%CI:11.3%~23.6%)。吸入性亚硝酸盐(85.1%,131/154)为最常用的物质。校正年龄、文化程度、月收入后,多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,HIV感染高风险MSM合成毒品使用与最近6个月有临时性伴(aOR=3.24,95%CI:1.29~7.43)、饮酒(aOR=1.78,95%CI:1.12~2.80)有关。结论高风险MSM中使用合成毒品的现象较为普遍,使用者的危险行为水平更高,MSM中合成毒品使用应当受到关注。     

男男性行为人群HIV相关行为学特征及其影响因素

[目的]了解上海市男男性行为人群（menwhohavesexwithmen，MSM）人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染相关行为学特征，并分析与男男无保护性行为相关的影响因素。[方法]利用信息网络中的上海市男男活动小组和男男论坛，共招募符合筛选条件的调查对象121名。采用中一加项目全球课题设计的统一表格对121人进行面对面问卷调查。[结果]调查对象平均年龄为（27．99±5．93）岁；大学及以上教育程度者占74.4％；月均收入≥3000元人民币者占62．9％；单身者占86．0％。121名MSM初次和男性发生性行为的平均年龄为（22．14±5．32）岁；过去半年内受访者的平均性伴数为（3．27±2．77）人。目前有固定男友的受访者占56．14％，但和固定男友之间在性关系上相互忠诚的仅占其中的36．84％。16人在过去半年内和女性有性行为，其中62．8％的受访者曾和女性发生过无保护性行为。45．45％的受访者曾与男性有过无保护性行为，受访者和固定男友间发生无保护性行为的比例高于和多次男性伴间发生无保护性行为的比例（x2=4．32，P〈0．05），也明显高于和偶遇男性伴间发生无保护性行为的比例（x2=10．13，P〈0．01）。77．7％的受访者认为自己有感染HIV的风险。多因素分析表明，与男性发生无保护性行为相关的影响因素为受教育程度、半年内性伴数量和HIV感染自我风险评估情况。[结论]受教育程度越低、性伴数量越多的MSM发生无保护性行为的概率越高。认为自己有HIV感染风险的受访者更有可能发生过无保护性行为。因此在今后对存在上述情况的MSM更应加强健康干预。     

The Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on HIV Testing Utilization Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in China: Cross-sectional Online Survey

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has created disruptions in HIV prevention and sexual health services for men who have sex with men (MSM).ObjectiveThis study compared HIV testing utilization in 3 different reference periods (period 1: before the COVID-19 outbreak, November 2019-January 2020; period 2: after the outbreak, February-April 2020; and period 3: after the pandemic was under initial control, May-July 2020). Factors associated with HIV testing utilization after the COVID-19 outbreak (combined periods 2 and 3) were also investigated.MethodsParticipants were MSM aged ≥18 years living in Shenzhen, China. Those self-reporting as HIV positive were excluded. A total of 595 participants recruited through multiple sources completed a self-administered online survey during August-September 2020. HIV testing utilization after the COVID-19 outbreak was the dependent variable, and multivariate logistic regression models were fitted.ResultsHIV testing utilization was significantly lower in period 2 than in period 1 (n=262 vs 363, 44.0% vs 61.0%, P<.001). However, HIV testing utilization was not significantly higher in period 3 than in period 2 (n=277 vs 262, 46.6% vs 44.0%, P=.21). The prevalence of HIV testing utilization after the COVID-19 outbreak was seen in 331 (55.6%) participants. After adjusting for significant background characteristics, condomless anal intercourse (CAI) with regular male sex partners (RPs; adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.15, 95% CI 1.29-3.57) and sexualized drug use (SDU; AOR 2.94, 95% CI 1.41-6.06) both before and after the COVID-19 outbreak, CAI with RPs (AOR 2.07, 95% CI 1.06-4.07) and nonregular male sex partners (NRPs; AOR 3.57, 95%CI: 1.43-8.89) only after the COVID-19 outbreak was positively associated with the dependent variable. Regarding HIV prevention service utilization, HIV testing utilization before the COVID-19 outbreak (AOR 10.75, 95% CI 7.22-16.02) and the use of sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing (AOR 7.02, 95% CI 4.10-12.02), other HIV/STI prevention (AOR 3.15, 95% CI 2.16-4.60), and preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP; AOR 3.58, 95% CI 1.54-8.34) after the COVID-19 outbreak were associated with higher HIV testing utilization. The current perceived risk of HIV infection was higher than that before the COVID-19 outbreak (AOR 1.15, 95% CI 1.01-1.30), and perceived COVID-19 preventive measures taken by HIV testing service providers to be effective (AOR 1.52, 95% CI 1.29-1.78) and perceived higher behavioral control to undergo HIV testing (AOR 1.18, 95% CI 1.00-1.40) were positively associated with HIV testing utilization. Concerns about COVID-19 infection during HIV testing (AOR 0.78, 95% CI 0.68-0.89), avoiding crowded places (AOR 0.68, 95% CI 0.48-0.98), and HIV testing service providers reducing their working hours (AOR 0.59, 95% CI 0.48-0.98) were negatively associated with the dependent variable.ConclusionsHIV testing utilization among Chinese MSM declined after the COVID-19 outbreak and did not increase after the pandemic was under initial control. Removing structural barriers to accessing HIV testing caused by COVID-19, modifying perceptions related to HIV testing, and making use of HIV self-testing (HIVST) might be useful strategies to improve HIV testing among MSM during the pandemic.     

Use of Geosocial Networking Apps and HIV Risk Behavior Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: Case-Crossover Study

BackgroundHIV disproportionately affects men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. The HIV epidemic is largely driven by unprotected anal sex (ie, sex not protected by condoms or HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis [PrEP]). The possible association between unprotected anal sex and the use of geospatial networking apps has been the subject of scientific debate.ObjectiveThis study assessed whether users of a gay geospatial networking app in China were more likely to use condoms when they met their partners online versus offline. A case-crossover analysis, with each person serving as his own control, was employed to address the potential bias that men looking for sex partners through an online dating medium might have inherently different (and riskier) patterns of sexual behavior than men who do not use online dating media.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was administered in 2018 to adult male users of Blued—a gay geospatial networking app—in Beijing, Tianjin, Sichuan, and Yunnan, China. A case-crossover analysis was conducted among 1311 MSM not taking PrEP who reported engaging in both unprotected and protected anal sex in the previous 6 months. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to quantify the association between where the partnership was initiated (offline or online) and the act of unprotected anal sex, controlling for other interval-level covariates. Four sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess other potential sources of bias.ResultsWe identified 1311 matched instances where a person reported having both an unprotected anal sex act and a protected anal sex act in the previous 6 months. Of the most recent unprotected anal sex acts, 22.3% (292/1311), were initiated offline. Of the most recent protected anal sex acts, 16.3% (214/1311), were initiated offline. In multivariable analyses, initiating a partnership offline was positively associated with unprotected anal sex (odds ratio 2.66, 95% CI 1.84 to 3.85, P<.001) compared with initiating a partnership online. These results were robust to each of the different sensitivity analyses we conducted.ConclusionsAmong Blued users in 4 Chinese cities, men were less likely to have unprotected anal sex in partnerships that they initiated online compared with those that they initiated offline. The relationship was strong, with over 2.5 times the likelihood of engaging in unprotected anal sex in partnerships initiated offline compared with those initiated online. These findings suggest that geospatial networking apps are a proxy for, and not a cause of, high-risk behaviors for HIV infection; these platforms should be viewed as a useful venue to identify individuals at risk for HIV transmission to allow for targeted service provision.     

The Annual American Men’s Internet Survey of Behaviors of Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States: Key Indicators Report 2018

The American Men’s Internet Survey (AMIS) is an annual web-based behavioral survey conducted in the United States of men who have sex with men (MSM). This rapid surveillance report describes the sixth cycle of data collection (September-December 2018; AMIS 2018). The key indicators were the same as those previously reported for past AMIS cycles. The AMIS methodology has not substantively changed since AMIS 2017. MSM were recruited from a variety of websites using banner advertisements and email blasts. In addition, participants from AMIS 2017 who agreed to be recontacted for future research were emailed a link to AMIS 2018. Men were eligible to participate if they were aged ≥15 years, resided in the United States, provided a valid US ZIP code, and reported ever having sex with a man or identified as gay or bisexual. The analysis was limited to those who reported having oral or anal sex with a male partner in the past 12 months. We examined demographic and recruitment characteristics using multivariable regression modeling (P<.05) stratified by the participants’ self-reported HIV status. The AMIS 2018 round of data collection resulted in 10,129 completed surveys from MSM representing every US state, Puerto Rico, and Guam. Most participants were non-Hispanic White, aged between 15 and 24 years, living in urban areas in the southern United States, and recruited from general social networking websites. The plurality (4230/10,129, 41.76%) of participants was in the youngest age group, 15-24 years, followed by the 40 years and older age group (3088/10,129, 30.49%). The self-reported HIV prevalence was 6.08% (616/10,129). Compared with HIV-negative or unknown status participants, HIV-positive participants were more likely to have had anal sex without a condom with a male partner in the past 12 months (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.02, 95% CI 1.63-2.50) and more likely to have had anal sex without a condom with a serodiscordant or an unknown status partner (aOR 3.90, 95% CI 3.27-4.66). The reported use of marijuana in the past 12 months was higher among HIV-positive participants than among HIV-negative or unknown status participants (aOR 1.39, 95% CI 1.15-1.68). The reported use of methamphetamines and other illicit substances in the past 12 months was higher among HIV-positive participants than among HIV-negative or unknown status participants (aOR 3.42, 95% CI 2.41-4.87 and aOR 1.90, 95% CI 1.56-2.32, respectively). Most HIV-negative or unknown status participants (6838/9513, 71.88%) reported ever taking an HIV test previously, and 52.51% (4995/9513) of the participants reported undergoing HIV testing in the past 12 months. HIV-positive participants were more likely to report testing and diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections than HIV-negative or unknown status participants (aOR 3.50, 95% CI 2.89-4.24 and aOR 2.61, 95% CI 2.10-3.25, respectively).     

Street Workers and Internet Escorts: Contextual and Psychosocial Factors Surrounding HIV Risk Behavior among Men Who Engage in Sex Work with Other Men

Sex work has been associated with elevated risk for HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) in many settings. This mixed methods study examined sexual risk among MSM sex workers in Massachusetts, collecting formative data on HIV risk behavior by sex worker type in order to gain a better understanding of how to tailor prevention interventions to this unique and high-risk subgroup of MSM. Two groups of MSM sex workers were recruited between January and March 2008: street workers (n = 19) and internet escorts (n = 13). Participants completed a semistructured qualitative interview and quantitative psychosocial assessment battery; interviews were conducted until redundancy in responses was achieved. Almost one third (31%) were HIV-infected. The majority of participants (69%) reported at least one episode of unprotected serodiscordant anal sex (either insertive or receptive) with a mean of 10.7 (SD = 42.2) male sex partners of an unknown or different HIV serostatus in the past 12 months. Salient findings included: (a) internet sex workers reported being paid substantially more for sex than street sex workers; (b) inconsistent condom use, high rates of unprotected sex, and low rates of HIV status disclosure with sex work partners for both internet and street workers; general perceptions of a lack of trust on the part of sex work partners (i.e., telling them what they want to hear), offers of more money for unprotected sex; (c) contextual differences in risk taking: internet sex workers reported that they are more likely to engage in sexual risk-taking with noncommercial sex partners than sex partners who pay; (d) HIV status and STI history: two street workers became infected in the context of sex work, and 25% of the entire sample had never been tested for sexually transmitted infections (STI); and (e) motivations and reasons for doing sex work, such as the “lucrativeness” of sex work, as a means to obtain drugs, excitement, power, “why not?” attitude, and because social norms modeled this behavior. Study findings can be used to generate hypotheses for designing and providing tailored primary and secondary prevention interventions for this at-risk subgroup of MSM.     

2017年襄阳市MSM人群HIV感染状况及影响因素分析

目的 了解襄阳市男男性行为人群(men who have sex with men,MSM)的艾滋病病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染状况及其影响因素,为制定防控措施提供依据。 方法 采用分类滚雪球法,召集过去一年内有过插入性口交或肛交同性性行为的MSM作为对象,开展问卷调查,采集血液标本进行HIV、梅毒和丙型肝炎三种抗体检测。数据采用SPSS 23.0软件进行描述性、单因素和多因素分析。 结果 共调查400名MSM,HIV感染率4.25%。单因素分析显示,婚姻状况、文化程度、艾滋病防治知识得分、最近1周同性行为次数、最近一次与同性发生肛交性行为时是否使用安全套、同性性行为时是否坚持使用安全套、是否接受过干预服务共7个因素影响HIV感染率(P≤0.10)。多因素分析显示,文化程度高中以上(aOR=0.25,95%CI:0.07～0.92)、艾滋病防治知识全对(aOR=0.24,95%CI:0.07～0.77),最近一次与同性肛交性行为时使用安全套(aOR=0.065,95%CI:0.01～0.47)、接受过干预服务(aOR=0.007,95%CI:0.001～0.092)是HIV感染率的保护性因素。 结论 2017年襄阳市MSM人群HIV感染率较高,应采取有效措施,特别是针对文化程度初中以下的MSM,加大综合干预措施力度,提高艾滋病干预服务覆盖率,加强艾滋病防治知识宣传教育,切实提高同性肛交性行为时安全套使用率,从而遏制该人群的艾滋病传播。     

男男性行为人群HIV/AIDS性伴感染状况和溯源效率相关因素研究

目的 了解MSM HIV/AIDS的性伴感染状况和溯源效率的相关因素。方法 采用横断面调查方法,2018-2020年在宁波市对MSM HIV/AIDS开展性伴调查和HIV检测,并用限制性抗原亲和力酶联免疫法判定是否新发感染。分类资料采用χ²检验,采用多因素logistic回归分析溯源效率的相关因素。结果 共调查374例新确证MSM HIV/AIDS,动员479例性伴进行调查和HIV检测,性伴HIV阳性率为15.7%（75/479,95%CI：12.4%~18.9%）,其中新发感染者性伴HIV阳性率为31.8%（21/66,95%CI：20.3%~43.4%）。新发感染者的性伴HIV阳性者中新发现阳性性伴的比例（76.2%）高于长期感染者（48.1%）,差异有统计学意义（P=0.028）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,36~45岁年龄组（与18~25岁年龄组相比,OR=3.973,95%CI：1.364~11.569）、HIV主动检测（与HIV被动检测相比,OR=1.896,95%CI：1.083~3.319）、新发感染者（与长期感染者相比,OR=3.733,95%CI：1.844~7.556）的溯源效率更高。结论 MSM HIV/AIDS性伴HIV阳性率高,其中新发感染者和HIV主动检测发现的感染者性伴溯源效率较高。建议加强MSM HIV/AIDS溯源调查,重点关注艾滋病自愿咨询与检测门诊新确证的MSM HIV/AIDS。     

男男性行为人群通过互联网寻找性伴行为及其影响因素分析

目的 了解男男性行为人群（men who have sex with men, MSM）通过互联网寻找性伴的现状及其影响因素。方法 采用方便抽样的方法对四川省德阳、宜宾和西昌3个城市MSM进行自填式问卷调查,采用二分类非条件logistic回归对该人群通过互联网寻找性伴的行为进行影响因素分析。结果 本研究共纳入调查对象1 117例,调查对象以35岁以下青壮年、未婚、较低文化程度、同性性取向为主,79.1%的调查对象报告通过互联网寻找性伴。logistic回归显示,未婚（OR = 3.469, 95% CI: 1.948～6.177）、高中以上文化程度（OR = 2.077, 95% CI: 1.268～3.403）、月收入＜3 000（OR = 1.816, 95% CI: 1.060～3.111）、初次性行为年龄＜18岁（OR = 3.102, 95% CI: 1.437～6.694）、近12月性伴数量≥3（OR = 2.218, 95% CI: 1.418～3.471）及发生过群交性行为（OR = 3.121, 95% CI: 1.233～7.901）是MSM互联网寻找性伴的影响因素。结论 MSM通过互联网寻找性伴的比例较高,且通过互联网寻找性伴使MSM面临更大风险,可通过互联网及社交软件对该人群进行针对性干预,以降低其性传播疾病和艾滋病感染风险。     

HIV阳性男男性行为者对男性固定性伴性传播危险分析

目的 了解有高危性行为的HIV阳性男男性行为人群（men who have sex with men,MSM）对男性固定性伴的性传播危险状况,探讨对固定性伴性传播危险相关联的因素。方法 采用滚雪球抽样方法,在上海和成都市招募有高危性行为的HIV阳性MSM作为研究对象,运用匿名方式,进行一对一问卷调查。结果 研究对象中,最近6个月对男性固定性伴有性传播危险的比例为26.9%（83/308）;多因素分析显示,确认HIV感染时间<1年者对男性固定性伴传播危险,分别是HIV感染确认时间在1～2年和≥3年者的3倍（OR=0.34,95%CI:0.15～0.79）和6倍（OR=0.17,95%CI:0.06～0.49）;将HIV感染状况告知全部男性固定性伴的调查对象,对男性固定性伴的传播危险是全部未告知者的1/25（OR=0.04,95%CI:0.01～0.13）;家人知晓HIV感染状况者对男性固定性伴传播危险降低到1/4（OR=0.24,95%CI:0.10～0.55）;通过互联网寻找性伴者对男性固定性伴的传播危险是其它途径的3倍（OR=0.33,95%CI:0.14～0.78）。结论 HIV阳性MSM与男性固定性伴间存在的性传播危险可能加速HIV在MSM人群中的扩散。强化性伴告知、及早抗病毒治疗及新媒体干预等方法可望发挥遏制HIV继续传播的作用。     

山东省男男性行为人群新型毒品滥用和HIV新发感染的相关因素分析

目的 分析MSM新型毒品滥用和HIV新发感染的相关因素,为制定艾滋病防控措施提供参考依据。方法 2021年4-7月在山东省9个城市监测哨点招募MSM,每个城市招募样本量为400人。开展面对面问卷调查,收集MSM社会人口学特征、行为学和接受HIV干预服务等信息,采集血样进行HIV和梅毒抗体检测。采用限制性抗原亲和力酶联免疫法进行HIV新发感染检测,并计算HIV新发感染率指标。结果 共调查MSM 3 624人,年龄（32.70±9.33）岁,以≥30岁（59.52%,2 157/3 624）、高中及以下文化程度（55.99%,2 029/3 624）、未婚/离异/丧偶（57.70%,2 091/3 624）和性取向为同性恋者为主（86.26%,3 126/3 624）。最近6个月发生无保护肛交占32.95%（1 194/3 624）;曾使用新型毒品占27.48%（993/3 613）;HIV抗体阳性率为3.12%（113/3 624）,HIV新发感染率为2.61%（95%CI：1.73%~3.49%）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,MSM新型毒品滥用的相关因素包括未婚/离异/丧偶（相比于已婚/同居,aOR=1.43,95%CI：1.22~1.69）、大专及以上文化程度（相比于高中及以下文化程度,aOR=1.47,95%CI：1.25~1.72）、主要寻找男性性伴场所为互联网/交友软件（相比于酒吧/浴池/公园等,aOR=1.76,95%CI：1.41~2.19）、最近6个月发生无保护肛交（相比于未发生无保护肛交,aOR=1.33,95%CI：1.13~1.57）、最近1年患过性病（相比于未患性病,aOR=2.77,95%CI：2.04~3.76）。MSM HIV新发感染的相关因素包括最近6个月发生无保护肛交（相比于未发生无保护肛交,aOR=2.51,95%CI：1.25~5.01）、最近1年未接受HIV干预服务（相比于接受HIV干预服务,aOR=3.89,95%CI：1.30~11.60）、梅毒阳性（相比于梅毒阴性,aOR=8.18,95%CI：2.98~22.48）、曾使用新型毒品（相比于未使用新型毒品,aOR=4.75,95%CI：2.32~9.70）。结论 山东省MSM新型毒品滥用现象较为普遍,新型毒品滥用会增加HIV新发感染风险。     

A Comparative Analysis of Behaviors and Sexual Affiliation Networks among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Hong Kong

In Hong Kong, men who have sex with men (MSM) account for a significant proportion of HIV infections. While perceived as a hidden population, they constitute a distinct social network shaped by their differential use of unique channels for sex partnership. To characterize their pattern of connectivity and association with high-risk sexual behaviors, 311 MSM were recruited via saunas and the internet to participate in a questionnaire survey. Internet recruits were younger, and many (31/43) were solely reliant on the internet to seek sex partners, while visiting a similar number of venues as the sauna recruits (p = 0.98). Internet users generally had a high frequency of unprotected anal intercourse (UAI). MSM who had visited only a single venue reported more UAI with their regular partners (adjusted OR 6.86, 1.88–24.96) and sought fewer casual partners than those frequenting multiple venues (adjusted OR 0.33, 0.19–0.60). This study provides evidence for the heterogeneity of the sexual affiliation networks of MSM in Hong Kong. High HIV risk of UAI could be offset by fewer casual partners in certain venues, the implications of which would need to be explored in longitudinal studies. Methodologically, internet sampling was very efficient in identifying sex networking venues, while internet recruits gave a high retention rate for updating profiles. However, sampling at high centrality saunas did not necessarily identify the MSM-affiliating venues in the networks efficiently. The sampling strategy of MSM survey should therefore be objective-driven, which may differ for health message dissemination and social marketing, versus HIV surveillance or risk assessment.     

绵阳市2017年男男性行为者性行为特征及无保护措施肛交影响因素

目的 了解男男性行为者(men who have sex with men ,MSM)性行为特征,分析无保护措施肛交影响因素。 方法 2017年1—10月,在四川省绵阳市采用滚雪球抽样法,进行MSM行为学及血清学的横断面抽样调查,用χ²检验、Logistic回归模型进行无保护措施肛交影响因素的单因素及多因素分析。 结果 回收有效问卷1 242份,近6个月肛交91.6%,其中71.4%有保护措施。近6个月商业性行为1.7%,其中31.6%有保护措施。近6个月异性性行为9.7%,其中30.8%有保护措施。近6个月高频率肛交24.5%,多性伴50.3%。近6个月肛交无保护措施的艾滋病病毒阳性率10.5%,高于有保护措施的1.8%(χ²=41.837,P＜0.001)。多因素分析结果,年龄＞30岁(OR=1.627,95%CI: 1.192～2.221)、使用Rush(OR=2.122, 95%CI:1.293～3.482)者近6个月无保护措施肛交可能性更大,高中及以上文化(OR=0.401,95%CI:0.269～0.600)、艾滋病防治知识全对(OR=0.639, 95%CI:0.428～0.954)、近1年接受预防服务(OR=0.537,95%CI:0.312～0.923)、近6个月多性伴(OR=0.635, 95%CI:0.480～0.841)者近6个月无保护措施肛交可能性更小。 结论 MSM性行为复杂,无保护、多性伴普遍,大年龄、低文化、艾滋病防治知识不全对、未接受预防服务者发生无保护措施肛交的风险较大,应针对性开展行为干预。     

Finding Sex Partners Through Social Media Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Hanoi,Vietnam

Many men who have sex with men (MSM) in low and middle income countries search for male sexual partners via social media in part due to societal stigma and discrimination, yet little is known about the sexual risk profiles of MSM social media users. This cross-sectional study investigates the prevalence of social media use to find male sex partners in Hanoi, Vietnam and examines associations between social media use and sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics, including levels of internalized, perceived and enacted stigma, high-risk sexual behaviors, and HIV testing. 205 MSM were recruited from public venues where MSM congregate as well as through snowball sampling and completed an anonymous survey. MSM who found their male sexual partners using social media in the last year were more likely to have completed a university or higher degree (aOR 2.6; 95% CI 1.2–5.7), experience high levels of MSM-related perceived stigma (aOR 3.0; 95% CI 1.1–8.0), and have more than ten lifetime male sexual partners (aOR 3.2; 95% CI 1.3–7.6) compared to those who did not use social media. A niche for social media-based interventions integrating health and stigma-reduction strategies exists in HIV prevention programs for MSM.     

武汉市年轻男男性行为者偶遇性行为及相关因素分析

目的 了解年轻男男性行为人群（YMSM）偶遇性行为及相关危险行为状况,并分析影响偶遇性行为的因素,为降低该人群感染和传播艾滋病的风险提出针对性的措施。方法 2013年5－11月在武汉市通过互联网宣传、外展活动的组织以及艾滋病自愿咨询检测服务招募年龄≤25岁的YMSM参加匿名式问卷调查,招募403名YMSM,收集其人口学、性行为等相关信息,分析YMSM偶遇性行为的相关因素。结果 实际调查398名YMSM中,48.99%（195/398）报告最近6个月发生过偶遇性行为。与未报告偶遇性行为的YMSM比较,报告偶遇性行为的YMSM肛交、口交坚持使用安全套的比例均较低［34.29%（60/175）比49.08%（80/163）（χ²=7.61,P=0.01）、38.85%（61/157）比28.65%（49/171）（χ²=3.82,P=0.05）］。报告偶遇性行为的YMSM中,多性伴的比例高于未报告偶遇性行为的YMSM［76.80%（149/194）比33.15%（60/181）（χ²=77.36,P<0.01）］。多因素logistic回归分析显示,经常使用互联网、存在吸毒行为是YMSM发生偶遇性行为的影响因素（OR=4.89,95% CI：1.90～12.54;OR=2.72,95% CI：1.60～4.63）。结论 YMSM有过偶遇性行为者更容易发生无保护性行为和多性伴等高危行为,应加强互联网针对YMSM的行为干预。     

Estimation of HIV Prevalence,Risk Factors,and Testing Frequency among Sexually Active Men Who Have Sex with Men,Aged 18–64 Years—New York City, 2002

Population-based estimates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence and risk behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM) are valuable for HIV prevention planning but not widely available, especially at the local level. We combined two population-based data sources to estimate prevalence of diagnosed HIV infection, HIV-associated risk-behaviors, and HIV testing patterns among sexually active MSM in New York City (NYC). HIV/AIDS surveillance data were used to determine the number of living males reporting a history of sex with men who had been diagnosed in NYC with HIV infection through 2002 (23% of HIV-infected males did not have HIV transmission risk information available). Sexual behavior data from a cross-sectional telephone survey were used to estimate the number of sexually active MSM in NYC in 2002. Prevalence of diagnosed HIV infection was estimated using the ratio of HIV-infected MSM to sexually active MSM. The estimated base prevalence of diagnosed HIV infection was 8.4% overall (95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.5–9.6). Diagnosed HIV prevalence was highest among MSM who were non-Hispanic black (12.6%, 95% CI = 9.8–17.6), aged 35–44 (12.6%, 95% CI = 10.4–15.9), or 45–54 years (13.1%, 95% CI = 10.2–18.3), and residents of Manhattan (17.7%, 95% CI = 14.5–22.8). Overall, 37% (95% CI = 32–43%) of MSM reported using a condom at last sex, and 34% (95% CI = 28–39%) reported being tested for HIV in the past year. Estimates derived through sensitivity analyses (assigning a range of HIV-infected males with no reported risk information as MSM) yielded higher diagnosed HIV prevalence estimates (11.0–13.2%). Accounting for additional undiagnosed HIV-infected MSM yielded even higher prevalence estimates. The high prevalence of diagnosed HIV among sexually active MSM in NYC is likely due to a combination of high incidence over the course of the epidemic and prolonged survival in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Despite high HIV prevalence in this population, condom use and HIV testing are low. Combining complementary population-based data sources can provide critical HIV-related information to guide prevention efforts. Individual counseling and education interventions should focus on increasing condom use and encouraging safer sex practices among all sexually active MSM, particularly those groups with low levels of condom use and multiple sex partners At the time this work was conducted, Manning and Marx were with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Office of Workforce and Career Development, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Thorpe, Ramaswamy, Hajat, Marx, Karpati, Mostashari, and Pfeiffer are with the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, USA; Nash is with the Department of Epidemiology and International Center for AIDS Care and Treatment Programs, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA; Manning is with the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Bureau of Family and Community Health, Boston, MA, USA.