胰十二指肠切除术后住院时间影响因素分析-回顾性研究

Background. Postoperative hospital stay after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) was relatively longer than other gastrointestinal operations, The aim of current study was to investigate the risk factors of postoperative hospital stay after PD. Methods. Patients who were performed PD in Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CHCAMS) between December 2008 and November 2012 were selected for the retrospective study. The clinical and pathological data was collected and analyzed. The primary outcome was postoperative hospital stay. Normal discharge or recovery was defined as postoperative hospital stay no more than 10 days, otherwise it was defined as delayed discharge or recovery (including hospital death). Results. Finally, 152 patients were enrolled in present study. Postoperative hospital stay was 19.7±7.7 (7-57 d). 67 of 152 patients were normal discharge, and 85 of 152 patients were delayed discharge. The overall morbidity of complications was 62.5% (95/152), and the mortality rate was 3.29% (5/152). Multiple factors analysis showed that complication morbidity (adjusted OR=10.40, 95%CI=3.58-30.22), age (adjusted OR=4.09, 95%CI=1.16-14.39), BMI (body mass index) (adjusted OR=4.40, 95%CI=1.19-16.23), surgical procedure (adjusted OR=26.14, 95%CI=4.94-153.19), blood transfusion (adjusted OR=7.68, 95%CI=2.09-28.27) and fluid input (adjusted OR=3.47, 95%CI=1.24-11.57) were significantly associated with delayed discharge. Conclusions. Postoperative complications affects the postoperative hospital discharge. Furthermore, age, BMI, transfused red blood, surgical procedure and input might prolong LOS (length of hospital stay). Studies with more patients were needed in future.     

甲磺酰胺苯乙胺类化合物抗心律失常活性的定量构效关系研究(Ⅰ)

以ＰＯＬＹＧＥＮ软件中的ＣＨＡＲＭｍ程序和集团坐标轮换法，对合成的１２个甲磺酰胺苯乙胺类化合物的结构进行计算机分子模拟。根据所得化合物的能量最低构象，计算了其ＶＤＷ体积、偶极矩、总键能、总键角能、总非正则能以及氮原子电荷等值，并对这些化合物进行ＣＮＤＯ／２法量化计算，这些计算结果作为结构参数分别与１２个化合物抗心律失常活性进行相关分析，以逐步回归法建立了两个相关性较好的方程：ｌｇｌ／ＭＥＣ＝６．９９９１－０．３８４２Ｘ２＋３．６７９６Ｘ５［ｎ＝１２，ｒ＝０．８５５９７５，ｓ＝０．１８９６７２，Ｆ＝１２．３３４６４＞Ｆ１－０．０５（３，９）＝３．８６］；ｌｇｌ／ＭＥＣ＝１４．７０３８－２１３．２６９２Ｘ４－１０．４８２９Ｘ５［ｎ＝１２，ｒ＝０．９３１９１９，ｓ＝０．１３３０４７，Ｆ＝２９．７１３５４＞Ｆ１－０．０１（３，９）＝６．９９］。结果提示，这类化合物的抗心律失常活性与分子中的原子轨道杂化程度和氮原子对分子ＨＯＭＯ和ＬＵ－ＭＯ的贡献有关，可以看出，氮上的取代不同会引起抗心律失常活性的不同     

矮身材儿童血铅镉锌钙铁铜镁水平分析

目的探讨血铅、镉、锌、钙、铁、铜、镁水平对儿童生长发育的影响。方法通过采用钨舟原子吸收光谱仪测定我院儿保门诊53例矮身材儿童（矮身材组）及53例正常儿童（对照组）末梢静脉血中铅、镉、锌、钙、铁、铜、镁水平,并对其与儿童生长发育关系进行分析。结果矮身材儿童血铅明显高于正常对照组,锌、钙、铁明显低于正常对照组（P〈0．05）。而血镉、铜、镁与对照组则无明显差异。矮身材组血铅男童明显高于女童（P〈0．05）。结论矮身材儿童的生长发育迟缓可能与高血铅,低血锌、钙、铁密切相关。儿童铅中毒防治和合理的膳食结构是降低儿童矮身材发生率的重要措施。     

八氯代二苯并二噁英对小鼠睾丸组织基因表达谱的影响

目的探讨八氯代二苯并二噁英（OCDD）对雄性小鼠睾丸基因表达谱改变的影响。方法20只雄性CBL/6j小鼠,随机分
为对照组（玉米油）、OCDD低剂量组（1.25×10-6 g/mL）、中剂量组（1.25×10-5 g/mL）和高剂量组（1.25×10-4 g/mL）,每天灌胃1次,
连续灌胃30 d后睾丸取材,应用基因芯片技术比较不同浓度OCDD染毒组和对照组雄性小鼠睾丸基因表达差异。结果与对照
组相比,低剂量组和对照组差异基因总数1 133个,上调659个,下调474个;中剂量组和对照组差异基因数978个,上调487个,
下调491个;高剂量组和对照组的差异基因数895个,上调424个,下调471个。结论亚慢性OCDD暴露后对小鼠的睾丸相关基
因表达造成影响,提示睾丸可能是OCDD 毒性作用的靶器官。
     

Part VII. Macrolides, azalides, ketolides, lincosamides, and streptogramins

In this article we describe antimicrobials that are grouped by their similar mechanism of action, namely inhibition of protein synthesis at the bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit. Macrolides, azalides, and ketolides are primarily used to treat community acquired respiratory tract infections. A lincosamide antibiotic, clindamycin, is primarily used to treat anaerobic infections. A combination of streptogramins, quinupristin/dalfopristin, is used to treat infections due to multiple drug resistant Gram positive cocci.     

Freeze-all,for whom,when, and how

Background: The ‘freeze-all’ practice refers to the cryopreservation of all mature oocytes or viable embryos after ovarian stimulation. The development of the vitrification technique has been crucial to make this approach a reality, since it increases the post-thaw survival rates and permits comparable implantation rates with fresh embryos. Nonetheless, as implantation probabilities are comparable to fresh embryo transfer in normo-responder patients, the freeze- all strategy has demonstrated no benefits overall.Method: Narrative review in which we give an overview of this approach, discuss recent advances in the field, as well as for whom, when and how it is recommended to emply the freeze-all technique.Results: However, there is some clinical evidence that shows its feasibility. Thus, it has been demonstrated that elevation of progesterone at the end of ovarian stimulation decreases the implantation rates after the transfer of day 6 blastocysts in fresh and some uterine pathologies; freeze-all is also the preferred option for patients undergoing pre-implantation genetic testing, since there is an improvement of the results and it allows for inclusion of all blastocysts of the cohort. In high responders, the freeze-all strategy optimizes the response whilst also minimizing the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.Conclusion: Due to the different cases that a reproductive expert might encounter, it is essential to highlight benefits and drawbacks of this practice.     

甲状旁腺切除术对甲状旁腺机能亢进性骨病的远期疗效

为了评价甲状旁腺切除术对原发性甲状旁腺机能亢进（ＰＨＰＴ）所致骨病的远期疗效，回顾分析了１６例术后平均５．１（１．０～１０．５）年患者的临床表现、骨结构和骨密度恢复情况，结果表明手术虽能明显改善患者骨病，但在随访终点有１０／１６例（６２．５％）骨病恢复不全，其中骨病重的Ｙ１组比骨病轻的Ｙ２组恢复不全比例更高（Ｐ＜０．０５），１４／１６例血骨钙素（ＢＧＰ）和尿吡啶并啉（Ｐｙｒ）浓度处于中青年对照组范围内，这意味着其成骨与破骨处于平衡状态。这些结果提示：ＰＨ－ＰＴ患者应尽早诊断治疗，术后应对患者密切随访，重视对骨病恢复不全者的后续治疗     

临床病例讨论——发热、关节炎、腹痛腹胀

目的 总结儿童风湿热的诊断思路、临床特点.方法 对我科1例风湿热并发急性心力衰竭患儿的诊疗过程进行回顾分析.结果 本例男童临床主要表现为发热、关节炎伴腹痛腹胀25 d.查体:心音略低钝,呈奔马律,心前区搏动有抬举感,可闻及Ⅲ/6级收缩期杂音,双手多个指间关节、双膝关节、双足多个足趾间关节压痛,双“4”字征阳性.WBC、ESR、CRP明显升高;心脏彩色多普勒超声示左房室重度增大,右房室轻度增大,二尖瓣、主动脉瓣大量反流,射血分数56％;关节X线片未见骨质破坏;抗链球菌溶血素“O”(anti-streptolysin O,ASO)1 700 IU/ml.诊断风湿热(rheumatic fever,RF):风湿性心脏病(Rheumaticheartdisease,RHD)、关节炎、心力衰竭.予抗生素、激素、阿司匹林、强心利尿等治疗,患儿好转出院,随访半年病情平稳.结论 儿童风湿热非特异性症状多,可多系统受累,临床医生需早期识别和正确诊断,以减少心脏损害.风湿热复发易导致风湿性心脏病,应重视风湿热二级预防.     

Gynaecologic cancer incidence, Kingston and St Andrew, Jamaica, 1973-1997, and gynaecologic cancer mortality, Jamaica, 1999

The incidence of gynaecologic cancers in women from Kingston and St Andrew for the period 1973-1997 were reviewed by analyzing data previously published by the Jamaica Cancer Registry. Gynaecologic cancer-related mortality statistics for the entire island for 1999 were compiled from data obtained from the Registrar General's Department (RGD) and the Statistical Institute of Jamaica (STATIN). Data were compared to gynaecologic cancer statistics for women from the United States of America for 1973-1997. A total of 2862 gynaecologic cancers were registered for the years 1973-1997, which represents 26.8% of all female cancers from Kingston and St Andrew. Cervical cancer accounted for 62% of these gynaecologic cancers. The 268 cancer-related deaths (168 due to cervical cancer) registered in Jamaican women for 1999 represent approximately 15% of all female cancer-related deaths. The present incidence (27.9 per 100,000) and mortality rate (15.8 per 100,000) of cervical cancer are much higher than that documented for American women--both African Americans and Caucasians--and signify the limited success, to date, of efforts to decrease the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer by the implementation of cervical cancer screening programmes. For the time period reviewed, an increase was noted in the incidence of cancer of the corpus uteri while decreases were recorded for the incidence of choriocarcinoma, ovarian cancer and cancers arising from the vulva, vagina and fallopian tube.     

Pleura, pleural cavity, mediastinum, diaphragm

Thoracic primitive neuroectodermal tumor, Long-term effects of thymectomy on the T cellular immunity of myasthenia gravis patients .     

欧洲刺柏（Juniper）

活性成分与药理作用欧洲刺柏药用部位是其浆果，具有促水排泄、防腐、抗胃肠胀气和抗风湿作用，还可改善胃功能。用作促水排泄药可增加尿量（水丢失），但不增加钠排泄。成分萜品烯-4-醇可增加肾小球滤过率，但刺激肾。欧洲刺柏浆果对单纯疱疹病毒体外显示抗病毒活性，并具抗真菌活性。动物实验显示，欧洲刺柏浆果提取物具有堕胎、抗生育、抗炎、抗胚胎植入、降血压、升血压和降血糖作用。欧洲刺柏浆果油具有兴奋子宫的活性，以及利尿、胃肠道抗菌和刺激作用，该油对平滑肌有阻止解痉作用。     

内蒙地区居民饮酒量与急性心肌梗死特点及远期预后的相关研究

目的:探讨内蒙地区居民不同饮酒量与该地区急性心肌梗死(AMI)特点及远期预后的相关关系.特点包括:发病年龄、吸烟率、白细胞(WBC)、血小板(PLT)、血清天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、载脂蛋白A(apoA)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、肌钙蛋白(TnT)、心电图改变(ST或非ST抬高)、冠脉特征.远期...     

Liver, biliary tract, pancreas, spleen

207577 Pathologic and molecular biologic characteris- tics of hilar cholangiocarcinomas/Li Chenggang(李成 刚,Inst Hepatobil Surg, Gener Hosp PLA, Beijing 100853)…∥Chin J Exp Surg.-2007 ,24(6) .-690 ~ 691 Objective Toinvestigate the pathologic and molec- ular biologic characteristics of hilar cholangiocarcinomas. Methods Sixty-eight patients with hilar cholangio- carcinomas were reviewed,and the pathologic types and incidence of perineural invasionandlymph node metastasis were summariz…     

血清cTnI、Lac、CK-MB、LDH、CRP及NSE与一氧化碳中毒迟发性脑病的关系

目的:探索急性一氧化碳中毒(ACMP)病人血清肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、乳酸(Lac)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)水平及磁共振成像上易受损脑组织平均表观弥散系数(ADC)与一氧化碳中毒迟发性脑病(DEACMP)发病的关系.方法:回顾性分析2014年11月至2016年1月连续收入临淄区人民医院的ACMP病人56例.收集病人年龄、性别、昏迷程度等基线数据,于发病24 h内完成的血清碳氧血红蛋白(COHb)、Lac、cTnI、CK、CK-MB、LDH、NSE、白细胞计数、CRP数据,和入院48 h内的颅脑1.5T核磁共振成像上的双侧大脑苍白球、脑室周围及半软圆中心的平均ADC值;以发病60 d后是否出现DEACMP为终点.按发病60 d后是否出现DEACMP分为迟发性脑病组和非迟发性脑病组,比较2组的COHb、Lac、cTnI、CK、CK-MB、LDH、NSE、白细胞计数、CRP和双侧大脑苍白球、脑室周围及半软圆中心的平均ADC值是否存在统计学差异.对差异显著的结果进行logistic回归分析.结果:DEACMP组昏迷发生率(15例,75.00％)显著高于非DEACMP组(12例,33.33％)(P<0.01).DEACMP组的Lac、CK、CK-MB、LDH、CRP和NSE均高于非DEACMP组(P<0.05～P<0.01).而COHb、cTnI和白细胞计数在2组之间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).DEACMP组苍白球区域的ADC值显著高于非DEACMP组(P<0.01).而侧脑室周围白质与半软圆中心区域的ADC值在2组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).logistic回归分析结果表明,昏迷程度、中毒时间、NSE、CK、CRP和LDH是DEACMP发病的可能独立危险因素(P<0.05～P<0.01).结论:ACMP病人血清Lac、CK、CK-MB、LDH、CRP和NSE水平可能与DEACMP有关,其对DEACM的诊断与预后评估有重要意义.     

Choices: contraception, pregnancy, birth, and abortion

This article discusses the issues of contraception, pregnancy, birth and abortion. It puts these issues in a context for health care professionals in the state of Georgia. Currently the US is last in the developed world in contraceptive use, further, when we do use contraceptive, we have the highest failure rate of any developed nation. Annually there are 600,000 unwanted pregnancies in the US just from the failure of oral contraceptives. In 1985 there were 3.7 million live births and 1.5 million legal abortions. This is indicative of how poorly we use contraceptive technology. Currently Georgia has one of the highest rates of teenage pregnancy. Considering only Medicaid, AFDC, and Food Stamps, the state of Georgia spends $11,600 on each teen pregnancy for the first year. The author's final conclusion is that a well funded birth control program, that included sexual education, would be the best way to avoid unwanted pregnancies which cost the state money and put women in a position to chose abortion. This type of program has proven to be successful in Sweden and the Netherlands. The abortion issue would no be as important if there were significantly less unwanted pregnancies.     

基于网络药理学探讨独活-羌活-细辛治疗膝骨关节炎的作用机制*

目的 基于网络药理学的方法分析和预测独活-羌活-细辛治疗膝骨关节炎可能的作用机制。方法 利用TCMSP数据库获取独活、羌活、细辛的活性成分及靶点,与CTD、NCBI等数据库获取的膝骨关节炎疾病基因靶点映射,构建药物-活性成分-疾病靶点网络。进行MCODE聚类分析,通过Omicshare云平台和DAVID数据库GO、KEGG通路富集分析。结果 从3味药中共筛选出了36个活性成分及205个靶点,主要有山柰酚、 β-谷甾醇、芝麻脂素、异紫花前胡苷等关键成分,AKT1、ESR1、JUN、CASP3等为关键靶点,核心基因有NOS3、ESR1、COX1、NR1I2,关键的生物进程和通路有类固醇激素反应性、活性氧代谢过程、AGE-RAGE通路和TNF通路。结论 独活-羌活-细辛可能通过多成分、多靶点网络来治疗膝骨关节炎。     

Sexual Abuse of Boys: Definition, Prevalence, Correlates, Sequelae, and Management

Objective.— To clarify the definition of sexual abuse of boys, update estimates of its prevalence, and explore critically its reported correlates, sequelae, and management. Data Sources.— Studies from 1985 to 1997 were identified using OVID-MEDLINE and OVID-CINAHL. The search terms used were sexual abuse, sexual victimization, and sexual assault. Constraints applied included English language, human male subjects, age younger than 19 years, and North American samples. Study Selection.— Publications were included for review if they appeared in peer-reviewed journals; had clear research designs; reported results for at least 20 male subjects; and were not reviews, perspectives, theoretical treatises, editorials, or letters. Data Extraction.— Study types and sampling methods were categorized using well-established definitions. Preference was given to studies with large samples, with case-control or cohort designs, and/or with adjustment for effect modifiers or confounders. Data Synthesis.— We identified 166 studies representing 149 sexual abuse samples. Studies were methodologically limited and definitions of sexual abuse varied widely. Prevalence estimates varied widely (by definition used and population studied), ranging from 4% to 76%. Boys at highest risk were younger than 13 years, nonwhite, of low socioeconomic status, and not living with their fathers. Perpetrators tended to be known but unrelated males. Abuse frequently occurred outside the home, involved penetration, and occurred more than once. Sequelae included psychological distress, substance abuse, and sexually related problems. Evaluation of management strategies was limited. Conclusions.— Sexual abuse of boys appears to be common, underreported, underrecognized, and undertreated. Future study requires clearer definitions of abuse, improved sampling, more rigorous data collection, more sophisticated data analyses, and better assessment of management and treatment strategies. Regardless, health care professionals should be more aware of and sensitive to the possibility of sexual abuse in their male patients.