全氟辛烷磺酸通过NLRP3炎症小体诱导幼年期大鼠肺损伤及格列本脲干预的研究

目的:探讨含NLRP3家族Pyrin域蛋白3(NLRP3)炎症小体参与全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)诱导幼年期大鼠肺损伤的可能机制。方法:28只21日龄SD大鼠随机分为对照(C)组、PFOS(P)组、格列本脲(G)组和格列本脲+PFOS(GP)组。将实验动物根据不同分组建立PFOS暴露模型和格列本脲保护模型,留取肺标本进行HE染色,ELISA法检测肺组织中髓过氧化物酶(MPO)含量以及支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)和IL-18含量,高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测血清中PFOS浓度,Western blot法检测肺组织中NLRP3、caspase-1和含CARD凋亡相关斑点样蛋白(ASC)的蛋白水平。结果:肺组织病理切片HE染色结果显示,与C组相比,P组的气管及肺泡间质可见明显炎症浸润;格列本脲可使炎症反应显著减轻。ELISA结果显示,P组肺组织中MPO含量较C组显著升高(P<0.05),P组BALF中的IL-1β和IL-18含量较C组也明显升高(P<0.05);GP组肺组织MPD含量及BALF中IL-1β和IL-18含量均较P组降低(P<0.05)。Western blot结果显示,P组的NLRP3、caspase-1及ASC蛋白表达量较对照组均显著升高(P<0.01);格列本脲可使NLRP3、caspase-1及ASC蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05)。免疫组化结果提示,P组的NLRP3蛋白表达水平较其余3组均显著升高(P<0.01)。结论:PFOS暴露可能通过激活NLRP3炎症小体,继而引发炎症反应,释放IL-1β等炎症因子导致大鼠肺损伤。格列本脲可以通过特异性抑制NLRP3炎症小体的组装,抑制炎症反应,减轻PFOS诱导的肺损伤。     

hnRNP B1 expression in benign and malignant lung disease

Evidence is accumulating to suggest that hnRNP B1 expression may be a useful tool in the early diagnosis of lung cancer. This study examined the immunohistochemical expression of hnRNP B1 in archived sections of resected lung cancers and compared the patterns of expression with those seen in similar archived sections of non-neoplastic lung. Particular attention was paid to the expression of hnRNP B1 in the benign bronchial cells in both cases, to establish if overexpression of this protein in respiratory epithelial cells is specific for malignancy. Nineteen cases of different types of non-small cell carcinoma were examined (eight squamous cell, six adenocarcinomas, two carcinosarcomas, two undifferentiated large cell carcinomas, and one mucoepidermoid carcinoma) and compared with sections from 16 open lung biopsies (three cases of cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, two cases of sarcoidosis, two cases of organizing pneumonia, and one case each of tuberculosis, extrinsic allergic alveolitis, non-specific interstitial pneumonitis, pneumocystis pneumonia, aspergilloma, respiratory bronchiolitis-interstitial lung disease, mineral dust disease, Sj?gren's syndrome and systemic sclerosis vascular variant). All the tumours showed positive staining, with the vast majority, 16/19 (84%), showing strong diffuse nuclear staining. The background cells of these cases showed positive staining in alveolar macrophages, lymph node germinal centres, bronchial mucous glands, and bronchial epithelial cells. No significant difference was seen in the percentage of positive bronchial epithelial cells in bronchi adjacent to the tumour compared with the resection margins. In the benign lung cases, positive bronchial epithelial cells were seen in a small percentage, 3/16 (18%), of cases, but the majority of cases showed no or very focal staining. The levels of expression between benign epithelial cells of malignant cases, compared with benign, showed a significant difference when the staining was assessed in percentage of positive nuclei (p = 0.001, Fisher's exact test). The results confirm that hnRNP B1 is widely expressed in a range of lung carcinomas; that expression is seen in benign bronchial epithelial cells and inflammatory cells; and that expression in background bronchial epithelial cells appears to be higher in malignant than in benign lung disease. It is feasible that this biomarker may be of use in the detection of early lung cancer, provided that levels of expression can be accurately quantified.     

Copine-3-增强型绿色荧光蛋白融合蛋白在细胞中的表达和定位

目的 构建增强型绿色荧光蛋白(pEGFP)-N1-CPNE3真核表达载体,检测Copine-3蛋白在细胞中的表达和定位.方法 利用RT-PCR从人支气管上皮细胞(HBE)中扩增得到编码Copine-3蛋白的CPNE3基因,并亚克隆至pEGFP-N1真核表达载体.将酶切鉴定和测序正确的pEGFP-N1-CPNE3重组质粒...     

结直肠癌EGFR和HER2蛋白表达及其基因拷贝数分析

目的探索结直肠癌EGFR和HER2蛋白表达和基因拷贝数增加的频率,以及蛋白表达与基因拷贝数增加之间的相关性。方法以石蜡包埋组织芯片为材料,分别采用免疫组织化学（EGFR pharmDx^TM和HercepTest^TM试剂盒）和荧光原位杂交（FISH,LSI EGFR SpectrumOrange／CEP7 SpectrumGreen探针组合和Path V ysion^TM试剂盒）方法,检测42例中国人结直肠癌EGFR和HER2蛋白表达和基因状态。结果EGFR免疫组织化学0者18例、1＋者10例、2＋者5例、3＋者9例;HER2免疫组织化学0者39例、1＋者1例、2＋者1例、3＋者1例。通过FISH分析,EGFR基因拷贝数无明显增高18例（42．9％）,其中包括二体性14例（33．3％）、低三体性4例（9．5％）;EGFR基因拷贝数相对增高者24例（57．1％）,包括高三体性3例（7．1％）、低多体性9例（21．4％）、高多体性12例（28．6％）;本组患者中无EGFR基因扩增者。HER2基因拷贝数增加者共4例（9．5％）,其中包括基因扩增1例（2．4％）。EGFR的蛋白表达与基因拷贝数增加无相关性,两指标与肿瘤分化之间也无相关性。HER2免疫组织化学3＋和基因扩增结果一致,与乳腺癌相似。结论这组患者中,具有较高的EGFR蛋白表达和基因拷贝数增加的比率,但蛋白表达与基因状态之间以及二者与肿瘤分化程度之间都没有相关性;HER2表达和基因拷贝数增加的频率较低。     

High-level expression of CD109 is frequently detected in lung squamous cell carcinomas

CD109 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell surface protein, which is a member of the alpha2-macroglobulin/C3, C4, C5 family of thioester-containing proteins. It has been reported that CD109 is expressed in a subset of hematopoietic cells, endothelial cells and several kinds of human tumors. Herein it is reported that the CD109 protein is preferentially expressed in lung squamous cell carcinomas compared with other types of lung carcinoma including adenocarcinomas, large cell carcinomas and small cell carcinomas. Immunohistochemical staining of surgically resected lung specimens using an anti-CD109 antibody detected CD109 expression in basal cells of bronchial and bronchiolar epithelia and myoepithelial cells of bronchial secretary glands, but not in bronchial and bronchiolar apical epithelial cells and alveolar epithelial cells. Furthermore, the CD109 immunoreactivity was observed in squamous cell carcinomas at a high frequency compared with other types of lung carcinoma. Although the detailed function of CD109 protein is unclear, these results suggest that CD109 expression may play a role in the development of lung squamous cell carcinoma.     

蛋白酶激活受体-1促进肺癌细胞侵袭和转移功能的研究

目的研究蛋白酶激活受体1（PAR-1）对人类肺癌细胞侵袭和转移功能的影响。方法采用阳离子脂质体介导法,将正义和反义PAR-1重组质粒“pC／PARls”和“pC／PARlas”分别转染至人肺巨细胞癌低转移株（PLA801C）和高转移株（PLA801D）细胞中;采用逆转录．聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）和Western印迹检测转染后PAR-1基因和蛋白表达水平变化;通过MTT、软琼脂集落形成、流式细胞仪、细胞-基质黏附和Transwell细胞侵袭实验检测PAR-1对肺癌细胞转移相关功能的影响。结果转染正义和反义PAR-1分别明显上调和下调了PLA801C和PLA801D的PAR-1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平。转染正义PAR-1对细胞的生长和克隆形成具有促进作用;并可明显增强细胞对细胞外基质的黏附和侵袭能力（与空载体对照组比较均P〈0．01）。相反,转染反义PAR-1对细胞模型的生长和克隆形成具有抑制作用;能明显降低细胞的S期和G2／M期（与空载体对照组比较分别为P〈0．05、0．01）、升高G0／G1期所占比例（P〈0．01）;还可使细胞对细胞外基质的黏附力（P〈0．05）和侵袭力明显降低（P〈0．01）。结论正义和反义PAR-1基因能够分别上调和下调PAR-1的表达水平;PAR-1能够影响肺癌细胞的生长和增殖、黏附和侵袭特性。抑制PAR-1的表达可能是一种治疗肺癌的途径。     

梗死灶周围心肌C3G蛋白表达增加参与了异丙肾上腺素诱导的梗死后心脏重塑恶化的发病机制

 目的 通过观察梗死灶周围心肌C3G蛋白的表达及异丙肾上腺素(ISO)对其的影响,探讨梗死灶周围心肌C3G蛋白是否参与了异丙肾上腺素诱导的梗死后心脏重塑恶化的发病机制。方法 按Litwin方法建立心肌梗死(心梗)及假手术模型。 术后7天仍存活的雄性SD大鼠分为心梗组,假手术组,心梗ISO组,假手术ISO组。其中,心梗组及假手术组给予生理盐水5ml/kg每三天一次, 腹腔注射,至干预后12周;心梗ISO组及假手术ISO组给予ISO 5mg/kg每三天一次, 腹腔注射,余方法同上。免疫印迹检测梗死灶周围心肌C3G 蛋白的表达。结果 干预后12周, 梗死灶周围心肌C3G蛋白表达积分光密度标化值分别为：心梗组（1.14±0.29, n=8）, 假手术组（0.90±0.10,n=6）, 心梗ISO组（1.51±0.18,n=10 ）, 假手术ISO组（0.97±0.26, n=8）。心梗组较假手术组、 心梗ISO组较假手术ISO组、及心梗ISO组较心梗组梗死灶周围心肌C3G蛋白的表达均显著增高（P＜0.05）。 结论 梗死灶周围心肌C3G蛋白表达显著增加, 而ISO可使C3G蛋白表达更显著增加; C3G蛋白表达增加参与了梗死后心室重塑,缺血性心肌病及心力衰竭的发病机制,且C3G蛋白表达进一步增加参与了ISO诱导的梗死后心室重塑,缺血性心肌病及心力衰竭恶化的发病机制。     

Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Counterregulates Interleukin-18 mRNA and Protein in MC3T3-E1 Mouse Osteoblastic Cells

Fibroblast growth factors-2 (FGF-2) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) are two of the main factors that regulate differentiation of osteoblasts. Interleukin-18 (IL-18), originally cloned as an interferon γ-inducing factor, has been reported to inhibit maturation of osteoclasts by upregulation of osteoprotegerin secreted from osteoblasts. Little is known about the functional relationship between IL-18 and the two growth factors in osteoblast differentiation. To better understand this relationship, we analyzed the effect of BMP-2 and FGF-2 on the mRNA expression levels of IL-18, as well as IL-1α and IL-6, in MC3T3-E1 mouse osteoblastic cells. Following this, the effects of BMP-2 on the expression of IL-18 protein and caspase-1 protein were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. Real-time PCR and immunofluorescence staining analysis showed that FGF-2 had no effect on the expression of IL-18 mRNA and protein, but while BMP-2 reduced IL-18 mRNA levels, increased immunostaining of both IL-18 protein and caspase-1 protein was detected in BMP-2-treated MC3T3-E1 cells. Although the significance and mechanisms of this counterregulation of IL-18 mRNA and protein were not determined in this study, the increase of IL-18 protein suggested that BMP-2 may induce an active form of IL-18.     

Intron/exon organization and polymorphisms of the PLK3/PRK gene in human lung carcinoma cell lines.

PLK3/PRK, a conserved polo family protein serine/threonine kinase, plays a significant role at the onset of mitosis and mitotic progression. Recently, PLK3/PRK has been shown to induce apoptosis when overexpressed in cell lines and is also implicated in cell proliferation and tumor development. Forty lung tumor cell lines were used for single-strand confirmation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and DNA sequencing to examine the mutational status of PLK3/PRK. No missense or nonsense mutations were revealed in the lung carcinoma cell lines examined. However, three polymorphisms were identified as: a G to A at position 720, an A to G at 1053, and a G to C at 1275. Intron/exon boundaries were determined by amplification of genomic DNA with PLK3/PRK exon-specific primers. The amplification products with increased size relative to the cDNA were sequenced. Fifteen exons throughout the open reading frame were characterized. None of the introns were exceptionally large, typically ranging from 100-300 basepairs in length. These results suggest that although PLK3/PRK expression is downregulated in a majority of lung carcinoma samples, mutational inactivation of the coding sequence of the PLK3/PRK gene appears to be a rare event in lung cancer.     

HER2/HER3‐positive metastatic salivary duct carcinoma in the pleural effusion: A case report

Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is an aggressive form of salivary gland tumor, and SDC patients tend to be older men, more commonly in advanced stage with a poorer prognosis. Although the cytological characteristics of SDC on fine‐needle aspiration cytology have been well‐described at the primary site, they have not been explored in metastasis. Here we reported a case of HER2/HER3‐positive metastatic SDC in the lung and pleural effusion. The patient was a man in his 50s who had undergone extended total parotidectomy in 2008. He was originally diagnosed as having HER2‐positive left parotid SDC. Six years later a mass was discovered in the left lung by chest computed tomography (CT) and was diagnosed as metastatic SDC by both bronchial biopsy and cytology. Subsequently he had a recurrent SDC in the left pleural effusion and died of respiratory failure. Cytological findings from bronchial brushing smear showed small sheet clusters in a slightly necrotic background. In the pleural effusion cytology, tumor cells appeared as ball‐like clusters of epithelioid cells with apocrine‐like findings. In immunocytochemistry, HER3 of SDC cells in pleural effusion was significantly overexpressed relative to the matched primary tumor, even though HER2 amplification did not change. Cytological findings and HER family receptors differed between the primary and metastatic SDC. Therefore, molecular tests, such as protein expression and gene amplification using cytological specimens, may become important in future when determining therapy strategies in patients with distant metastasis.     

大气颗粒物急性暴露对C57BL/6小鼠肺脏病理改变和气道上皮细胞IL-6和IL-8表达的影响

目的:探讨大气颗粒物(PM)急性暴露下C57BL/6小鼠肺脏的病理改变和气道上皮细胞炎症介质白细胞介素6(IL-6)和白细胞介素8(IL-8)分泌的分子机制.方法:选取雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为空白对照组和PM实验组,每组10只:PM实验组连续2 d经气管滴注PM悬浮液,建立PM短期暴露的小鼠模型;空白对照组连续2...     

IL-8促进A549细胞迁移过程中对线粒体融合与分裂基因表达的影响

目的:探讨IL-8作用下人肺腺癌A549细胞的迁移率变化以及线粒体融合与分裂基因的变化。方法:实验分为对照组和IL-8作用组。采用细胞划痕实验方法观察IL-8作用下细胞迁移能力的变化;Transwell小室检测细胞的迁移率;ELISA实验检测不同迁移率的细胞内源性IL-8的分泌量;Western blot法检测线粒体外膜蛋白Tom20及线粒体膜间腔蛋白细胞色素C(cytochrome C,Cyt C)的表达。RT-PCR检测线粒体融合基因Mfn1、Mfn2、OPA1及分裂基因Fis1、Drp1、MTP18的表达;Mito Tracker Red CMXRos染色激光共聚焦显微镜观察细胞中线粒体的形态。结果:肺腺癌A549细胞的迁移率高于SPC-A-1细胞,且内源性IL-8的分泌也高于SPC-A-1细胞。IL-8作用下A549细胞的迁移率增加,并存在时间依赖性。与对照组比较,IL-8作用组的A549细胞线粒体膜间腔蛋白Cyt C蛋白表达降低(P0.05),外膜蛋白Tom20表达增加(P0.05),线粒体外膜融合基因Mfn1及Mfn2表达增加(P0.05),内膜融合基因OPA1表达降低(P0.05),分裂基因Fis1无明显变化(P0.05),Drp1及MTP18增加(P0.05);激光共聚焦显微镜显示IL-8作用下线粒体形态发生变化,出现点状聚集。结论:A549细胞在IL-8作用下迁移率增加,可能与A549细胞线粒体融合与分裂基因变化有关。     

含3C蛋白酶切位点的人CD226胞膜外区Ig融合蛋白的真核表达及应用

目的：构建含3C蛋白酶酶切位点的人CD226(PTA1)分子胞膜外区Ig融合蛋白编码基因的真核表达载体，并进行表达和初步鉴定。方法：将人CD226分子的胞膜外区基因，克隆入含3C蛋白酶靶序列的Ig真核表达载体p-3c—Ig中。测序证实后，转染COS7细胞并进行瞬时表达。表达产物经亲和层析件纯化，并通过免疫荧光染色及3C蛋白酶酶切反应进行鉴定结果：经表达和纯化获得CD226胞膜外区的Ig融合蛋白。该融合蛋白可与表达于ECV304细胞表面的CD226配体有效结合。同时，融合蛋白的Fc段亦经3C蛋白酶切除，从而获得CD226胞膜外区的真核表达分子。结论：成功地获得了含有3C蛋白酶酶切位点的人CD226分子胞膜外区Ig真核表达产物，为进一步对CD226分子进行结构和功能研究，以及X线结晶衍射提供了重要条件。