99Tc-MDP治疗糖皮质激素诱导不同分期骨量减少的动物模型实验研究

目的 探讨不同程度糖皮质激素诱导骨量减少组动物模型经99Tc-MDP治疗后的疗效以及价值。方法 采用肌肉注射地塞米松膦酸钠注射液（DX）诱导不同程度骨量减少的兔动物模型,兔49只,设计分为7组：正常对照组（A组）、临界骨量减少对照组（B组）、骨量减少对照组（D组）、骨质疏松对照组(F组);临界骨量减少治疗组（C组）、骨量减少治疗组(E组)、骨质疏松治疗组(G组);C、E、G 3组采用99Tc-MDP治疗16w;检测各组病理组织学、骨密度、核素显像ROI比值、X线和CT、血清骨碱性膦酸酶、骨钙素。统计应用SPSS13.0软件进行方差分析和组间T检验处理。结果 各模型组B、D、F 与A组的骨密度、骨显像比值ROI、BALP、BGP组间比较存在统计差异：T值>2.179（P＜0.05）;骨密度（左股骨颈F=31.038、L4 F=13.069）,骨显像比值ROI（股骨颈F=36.045、L4 F=47.435）（P＜0.05）;病理结果,A、B组正常;D组骨小梁排列欠规律,骨小梁变细;F组骨小梁排列不规律,分布稀疏,伴断裂现象。治疗组结果分析：C、E治疗组指标与A组比较,t值均<2.179（P>0.05）, G组与A比较大部分指标存在统计学差异（P＜0.05）;同时各模型组治疗前、后比较均有效果,其T值均>2.179（P＜0.05）;病理组织学切片显示：C组、E组的骨小梁接近于A组骨小梁分布;G组稀疏的骨小梁也有所改善。结论 99Tc-MDP治疗对不同程度的糖皮质激素诱导骨量减少都有治疗效果,尤其在临界期治疗效果明显。本实验在早期骨钙流失时的治疗效果明显,为临床早期发现和治疗骨量减少提供参考。     

仅通过饮食和运动控制血糖的绝经后2型糖尿病患者中血脂、骨代谢与骨密度的相关性研究

目的 分析在仅通过饮食和运动控制血糖的绝经后2型糖尿病患者中血脂、骨代谢与骨密度的相关性.方法 纳入2018年1月至2020年1月在宁夏回族自治区人民医院内分泌科治疗的105例2型糖尿病患者,年龄45～70岁.记录受试者的糖尿病病程、身高、体重、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI),检测血脂(TC、TG...     

在仅通过饮食和运动控制血糖的绝经后2型糖尿病患者中血脂、骨代谢与骨密度的相关性研究

目的 分析在仅通过饮食和运动控制血糖的绝经后2型糖尿病患者中血脂、骨代谢与骨密度的相关性。方法 纳入2018年1月至2020年1月在宁夏回族自治区人民医院内分泌科治疗的105例2型糖尿病患者,年龄45～70 岁。记录受试者的糖尿病病程、身高、体重、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI),检测血脂(TC、TG、HDL、LDL)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)。采用双能X线骨密度仪测定受试者腰椎( L1～4 )、股骨颈(Neck)、大转子(Troch)和Ward 三角(Ward’s)的骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD),并进行统计学分析。结果 随年龄增高,骨密度呈下降趋势,年龄、病程、糖化血红蛋白、TG、LDL、PTH、OC、TPINP、β-CTX与各部位的骨密度呈负相关;BMI、25(OH)D与各部位的骨密度呈正相关;多元逐步回归分析显示糖化血红蛋白、TG、LDL、TPINP与骨密度存在负相关,25(OH)D与骨密度正相关。 结论 绝经后2型糖尿病患者应注意补充维生素D制剂、良好控制血糖,全面检查血脂、骨代谢,尽早对骨质疏松相关危险因素进行管控。     

前交叉韧带重建术后腱-骨和骨-骨界面愈合的比较研究

目的 探讨并比较两种移植物重建前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)后早期移植物隧道界面愈合的生物学机制. 方法 55只成年新西兰大白兔,体重2.0～2.8 kg.左膝关节切取带胫骨.骨块的髌韧带作为供区,右膝关节作为自体移植重建ACL受区.移植物骨块端为骨.骨界面愈合模型,韧带端为腱.骨界面愈合模型.术后观察实验动物一般情况,术后第2、4和8周取材(n=5)行大体及组织学观察,并于第4、8周取材(n=20)进行生物力学检测. 结果 术后动物肢体活动情况良好,实验过程中ACL连续性完整,张力适中.组织学观察:术后2周骨.骨界面大部分区域为纤维组织连接,腱一骨界面主要为肉芽组织填充;术后4周骨.骨界面大部分区域骨性愈合,腱.骨界面可见成骨反应及大量成纤维细胞;术后8周骨.骨界面已完全骨性愈合,腱.骨界面部分区域可见Sharpey纤维,形成间接止点.生物力学观察:术后4周腱-骨界面拔出率为85%,骨.骨界面为15%;术后8周腱.骨界面拔出率为95%,骨.骨界面为5%;各时间点骨.骨界面拔出率与腱一骨界面拔出率比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001). 结论 ACL重建术后早期骨一骨界面较腱.骨界面在愈合强度和速度上具有优势.     

绝经后2型糖尿病患者血脂与骨代谢的关系

目的探讨绝经后2型糖尿病患者血脂与骨代谢的相关性。方法将300例绝经后2型糖尿病患者按T值分成骨质疏松组和非骨质疏松组;检测两组患者血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)及骨代谢指标,分析血脂各成分与骨代谢之间的关系。结果 (1)绝经后2型糖尿病患者的HDL-C与OT、TrACP、uNTX/Cr存在正相关(r1=0.134,P1=0.020;r2=0.181,P2=0.002;r3=0.126,P3=0.030),与BALP无相关性;TC与TrACP呈负相关(r=-0.153,P=0.038),与OT、BALP、uNTX/Cr无相关性;TG、LDL-C与OT、BALP、TrACP、uNTX/Cr均无相关性。(2)在校正年龄、绝经年限和BMI影响因素后,HDL-C与TrACP、uNTX/Cr仍存在正相关(r1=0.160,P1=0.010;r2=0.125,P2=0.045),而HDL-C与OT、TC与TrACP间的相关性失去统计学意义。结论绝经后2型糖尿病患者的HDL-C与TrACP、uNTX/Cr存在正相关,与OT、BALP无相关性;而TC、TG、LDL-C与OT、BALP、TrACP、uNTX/Cr无明显相关性。     

比较密骨胶囊与维生素D3对糖皮质激素性骨质疏松模型骨量、骨强度影响的研究

目的：比较性地研究密骨胶囊与维生素Ｄ３对糖皮质激素性骨质疏松模型骨量、骨强度的影响。方法；采用１２月龄ＳＤ雄性大鼠４６只，随机分为空白对照组１４只、地塞米松组１６只、密骨胶囊组８只、维生素Ｄ３组８只。地塞米松的剂量是０．２５ｍｇ／１００ｇ体重／次（每周两次）；密骨胶囊浸膏的剂量是０．１６６ｇ／１００ｇ体重／次（每天一次）；维生素Ｄ３的剂量是０．２５Ｕ／１００ｇ体重／次（第一周每天一次，一周以后每周三次）。各组施行相应处理，１８周以后分别测定各组大鼠全身骨密度、股骨抗弯强度。结果：密骨胶囊既能部分地恢复模型大鼠已经丢失的骨量（高于地塞米松组ｐ＜０．０５，低于空白对照组ｐ＜０．０５），又能部分地回升模型大鼠已经降低的骨强度（高于地塞米松组ｐ＜０．０５，低于空白对照组ｐ＜０．０５）；维生素Ｄ３也能部分地恢复模型大鼠已经丢失的骨量（高于地塞米松组ｐ＜０．０５，低于空白对照组ｐ＜０．０５），亦能部分地回升模型大鼠已经降低的骨强度（高于地塞米松组ｐ＜０．０５，低于空白对照组ｐ＜０．０５），但回升能力比较密骨胶囊有下降趋势。结论：密骨胶囊是一种具有开发潜力的抗糖皮质激素性骨质疏松的中药复方．其中密骨胶囊能够明显地回升模鼠     

炎症、骨重建和类风湿关节炎全身骨量丢失的相关性研究

目的探讨炎症、骨重建和类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)全身骨量丢失的相关性。方法纳入符合2010年美国风湿病学会/欧洲抗风湿联盟RA分类标准的患者117例,采用酶联免疫吸附法测定RA患者和健康对照人群的血清肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factorα,TNF-α)、白介素-6(interleukin,IL-6)和核因子κB受体活化因子配体(receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand,RANKL),采用电化学发光法检测RA患者血清I型胶原羧基端交联肽(C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen,I-CTX)和I型胶原氨基端前肽(aminoterminal propeptide of type I collagen,PINP),通过双能X线吸收法测定患者腰椎和髋部骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD),运用Pearson’s相关系数分析血清TNF-α、IL-6、RANKL、I-CTX、PINP和RA患者腰椎及髋部骨密度的相关性。结果纳入的患者中初发未治疗患者(初治组)为41例,其中骨量减低患者占46.3%,骨质疏松患者占24.4%;曾使用糖皮质激素和(或)传统缓解病情抗风湿药和(或)生物制剂和(或)双膦酸盐患者(复治组)为76例,其中骨量减低人群占28.9%,骨质疏松患者占44.7%。初治患者血清I-CTX、PINP与髋部骨密度呈显著负相关(P0.05);复治患者血清TNF-α和IL-6水平显著高于对照组(P0.05),血清TNF-α水平与RANKL呈显著正相关(P0.05),血清IL-6与腰椎骨密度呈显著负相关(P0.05)。结论骨转换增高可能是引起初治RA患者髋部骨量丢失的原因;持续的慢性炎症可能引起复治RA患者血清RANKL水平增加,导致患者腰椎骨量丢失。     

绝经后骨质疏松症患者血清ICTP、PINP与血脂相关性的研究

目的探讨绝经后骨质疏松症患者骨代谢指标(ICTP、PINP)与血脂水平的相关性及可能的机制。方法测定122例绝经后骨质疏松症患者(骨质疏松症组)和122例绝经后健康正常妇女(正常对照组)的血清ICTP、PINP、TG、TC、LDL-C、HDLC等指标,并分析其相关性。结果两组相比较,骨质疏松症组TG、TC、LDL-C高于正常对照组(P0.05),骨质疏松症组HDL-C低于正常对照组(P0.05),骨质疏松症组PINP低于正常对照组(P0.05),骨质疏松症组ICTP高于正常对照组(P0.05);PINP与TG、TC、LDL-C呈负相关,而与HDL-C呈正相关;ICTP与TG、TC、LDL-C呈正相关,而与HDL-C呈负相关。结论骨质疏松症患者成骨因子PINP水平下降、破骨因子ICTP水平升高与TG、TC、LDL-C升高及HDL-C降低密切相关,高脂血症引起的代谢紊乱与骨质疏松症的发生存在一定的关联性。     

围绝经期及绝经后女性血红蛋白和血脂与骨质疏松的相关性

目的 研究围绝经期及绝经后女性体内血红蛋白和血脂水平(TG、LDL-c、HDL-c)与骨质疏松症的关系。方法 选取2016年1月至2020年1月在淄博市市级机关医院老年医学科住院的围绝经期及绝经后患者68例,按照骨密度检测结果分为骨质疏松组、骨量减少组、正常组;用方差分析和非参数检验分析的方法比较各组之间的差异。结果 骨量减少组的平均血红蛋白水平最高,骨质疏松组次之,正常组最低;骨量减少组与正常组和骨质疏松组之间的血红蛋白水平均存在显著差异(P<0.05);但正常组和骨质疏松组之间的平均血红蛋白水平不存在显著性差异(P>0.05)。血脂指标比较中,甘油三酯(TG)具有最大的组间差异性(P<0.01);其中骨量减少组的甘油三酯水平最高,其次是骨质疏松组,正常组最低。经非参数检验分析,正常组的甘油三酯水平与骨量减少组和骨质疏松组相比,仍然具有非常明显的显著性差异。甘油三酯低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-c)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-c)均没有明显的组间差异。结论 血红蛋白水平可能与骨质疏松相关,但呈双向作用,对围绝经期及绝经后女性人群来说,过高的血红蛋白水平所带来的铁负载...     

复方贞术调脂胶囊对糖皮质激素诱导骨质疏松大鼠血脂和骨转换指标的研究

目的观察复方贞术调脂胶囊(FTZ)对糖皮质激素诱导骨质疏松大鼠血脂水平和血清骨转换指标的影响。方法 3月龄SPF级雄性SD大鼠32只,随机等分为4组:Nrm组为正常对照组,Met组为皮下注射甲强龙(Met)5 mg/(kg·d),每周5次,FTZL组和FTZH组在Met组基础上每日分别给予低剂量FTZ(1.5g/kg)和高剂量FTZ(6g/kg)灌胃,实验期为12w。ELISA法测量血脂四项(TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C),血清中Ⅰ型前胶原氨基末端前肽(N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen,PINP)、Ⅰ型胶原羧基端肽(C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen,β-CTX)和OC(osteocalcin)含量。结果 Met组大鼠体质量、血清HDL和OC、P1NP均显著低于Nrm组相应指标(Ρ0.05,Ρ0.01,Ρ0.001),血清TC、TG、LDL和β-CTX显著高于Nrm组(Ρ0.01);FTZL组大鼠的体质量和P1NP较Met组有升高趋势,β-CTX有降低趋势,但两组间各指标均无显著性差异(Ρ0.05);FTZL组大鼠血清HDL和OC显著高于Met组(Ρ0.05),血清TC、TG和LDL显著低于Met组(Ρ0.05);FTZH组大鼠体质量、血清HDL、OC和P1NP显著高于Met组相应指标(Ρ0.001,Ρ0.01,Ρ0.05),血清TC、TG、LDL和β-CTX显著低于Met组(Ρ0.05);FTZH组大鼠血清TC、HDL、LDL和OC显著高于FTZL组(Ρ0.05,Ρ0.01)。结论 FTZ对糖皮质激素诱导骨质疏松大鼠的血脂和骨转换有一定的改善作用。     

糖尿病肾病患者血清BMP2、BMP7水平与钙磷代谢的关系

目的探讨糖尿病肾病患者血清骨形态蛋白-2(BMP2)、骨形态蛋白-7(BMP7)水平与钙磷代谢的关系。方法选取2016年11月至2018年11月西电集团医院收治的126例糖尿病肾病患者作为研究组,采用系统性回顾性分析法分析研究组临床资料,根据不同分期阶段慢性肾脏病(CKD)将患者分为5组,分别为CKD 1组22例、CKD 2组21例、CKD 3组27例、CKD 4组31例、CKD 5组25例,另选取36例同期于西电集团医院门诊体检的健康人群作为对照组,测定患者血清BMP2、BMP7、血磷、血钙、肌酐(Scr)、甲状旁腺激素(iPTH),分析血清BMP2、BMP7与钙磷代谢的关系。结果①对照组与CKD 1~2期在血磷、血钙、Scr、iPTH、BMP2、BMP7水平之间差异无明显统计学意义(P>0.05);与对照组比较,CKD 4期以后血钙及血清BMP7水平明显降低(P<0.05);CKD 3期以后血清Scr、iPTH、BMP2水平明显开始升高、血清BMP7水平明显开始降低(P<0.05);CKD 4期以后血磷、Scr、iPTH、BMP2水平明显升高,血钙、BMP7水平明显降低;CKD 5期的变化情况同CKD 4期;②经Pearson积差相关分析,血清BMP2与血磷、Scr及iPTH呈正相关,与血钙呈负相关(P<0.05);BMP7与血钙呈正相关,与血磷、Scr及iPTH呈负相关(P<0.05);③经多因素多元逐步回归分析,血磷、血钙、Scr及iPTH均为影响糖尿病肾病患者血清BMP2、BMP7水平的相关因素(P<0.05)。结论CKD 3期以后血清BMP2开始升高、BMP7开始降低,且血清BMP2与血钙呈明显负相关,BMP7与血磷、Scr及iPTH呈明显负相关;钙磷代谢情况可能是糖尿病肾病患者血清BMP2升高、BMP7降低的重要相关因素。     

绝经后骨质疏松及骨量减少患者治疗前后骨密度变化的研究

目的 观察利塞膦酸钠防治绝经后骨质疏松症的疗效。方法 绝经后骨质疏松症48例,对照组24例,服安慰剂,实验组24例,服利塞膦酸钠5 mg/d,两组每日均服凯思立D 1片,2组共观察6月。结果 利塞膦酸钠组腰椎、股骨颈及大粗隆的骨密度均明显升高(P<0.05),实验组总有效率为80.95％,明显高于对照组的45.45％(P<0.01)。结论 利塞膦酸钠能明显提高绝经后骨质疏松症患者的骨密度,副作用轻。     

低钙透析液对血液透析患者钙磷代谢及骨质重塑的影响

目的比较低钙透析液对长期血液透析患者钙磷代谢及骨重塑的影响。方法45例血清矫正钙≥9.5mgdl且iPTH≤150pgml患者随机分为透析液钙浓度1.25、1.5及1.75mmolL3组透析治疗3个月,观察3组患者血清Ca、P、Ca×P、iPTH、BGP、IGF1及IGFBP3水平差异。结果观察结束时,DCa1.5与DCa1.75组,血清Ca×P水平DCa1.5组无变化、DCa1.75组升高(P<0.05),IGF1水平2组均保持稳定;iPTH及BGP水平DCa1.5组升高(P<0.05)及DCa1.75组降低(P<0.05)。DCa1.25组血清Ca×P及IGF1水平明显降低(P<0.01),iPTH及BGP水平有显著升高(P<0.01)。透析前血清iPTH及BGP水平呈正相关(r=0.155,P<0.05)。结论低钙透析液可在有限时间内有效降低钙负荷及改善骨代谢。长期应用低钙透析液很可能通过增加iPTH、BGP水平及降低IGF1水平引发骨质疏松。     

急性有机磷中毒患者治疗前后的氧化应激变化研究

目的：探讨急性有机磷中毒患者治疗前后的氧化应激变化情况。方法选取2011年1月～2013年10月于本院进行治疗的34例急性有机磷中毒患者为观察组,同期的34名健康人员为对照组,然后将观察组治疗前、治疗后1d、3d、5d和对照组的血清氧化应激指标进行检测与比较。结果观察组治疗前、治疗后1d、3d、5d的血清MDA均高于对照组,血清TAC、SOD及GSH-Px均低于对照组,且观察组治疗后3d及5d血清MDA低于治疗前及治疗后1d,TAC、SOD及GSH-Px则高于治疗前及治疗后1d,P均＜0.05,均有显著性差异。结论急性有机磷中毒患者治疗前后的氧化应激变化较大,治疗后3d后改善开始显著。     

肌少症-骨量减少/骨质疏松与类风湿关节炎患者合并脊柱骨质疏松性骨折发生的相关性研究

目的探讨肌少症、骨量减少/骨质疏松在类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)患者合并脊柱骨质疏松性骨折发生中的临床意义。方法选择2017年1月至2018年12月我院383例RA患者和158名健康者,记录RA临床、实验室指标。摄脊柱(T5-L5) X线正侧位片并采用半定量法判断有无脊柱骨折发生,以生物电阻抗法测四肢骨骼肌质量,双能X线骨密度吸收仪测定髋部和腰椎骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)。383例RA患者根据其骨骼肌质量指数(skeletal muscle mass index,SMI)和BMD分为4组:无肌少症且无骨量减少/骨质疏松组64例,有肌少症无骨量减少/骨质疏松组44例,无肌少症有骨量减少/骨质疏松组86例,有肌少症且有骨量减少/骨质疏松组189例,分析肌少症、骨量减少/骨质疏松在RA患者合并脊柱骨质疏松性骨折发生的意义。结果 RA组脊柱骨折发生率显著高于对照组(21.1%vs 3.8%,χ~2=24.954,P0.001),RA组较对照组骨量减少/骨质疏松和肌少症发生率均明显增高(71.8%vs 41.8%,χ~2=43.287; 60.8%vs 9.0%,χ~2=120.093,P均0.001),且4组RA间脊柱骨折发生率有明显差别(4.7%、11.4%、17.4%和30.7%,χ~2=23.947,P0.001)。非参数检验显示4组RA间关节压痛、压痛指数、血沉、DAS28、糖皮质激素日剂量和疗程、HAQ及sharp评分均有明显差异(P均0.05)。多元Logistic回归结果显示:年龄(OR=1.073,P0.001,95%CI:1.041～1.107)和糖皮质激素的使用(OR=3.221,P=0.001,95%CI:1.663～6.242)是RA患者发生脊柱骨折的危险因素,而腰椎BMD(OR=0.093,P=0.009,95%CI:0.015～0.555)和SMI (OR=0.716,P=0.032,95%CI:0.527～0.973)是RA患者发生脊柱骨折的保护因素。结论 RA患者肌少症、骨量减少/骨质疏松和脊柱骨质疏松性骨折发生率均明显增高,肌少症、骨量减少/骨质疏松与RA患者的脊柱骨质疏松性骨折的发生密切相关。     

The use of etidronate and calcium versus calcium alone in the treatment of postmenopausal osteopenia: Results of three years of treatment

The purpose of this open, prospective, controlled, randomized trial was to study the effect of intermittent, cyclic etidronate on the bone mass of osteoporotic postmenopausal women with or without fractures. Eligible subjects were asymptomatic women less than 75 years old who had been amenorrhoeic for at least 1 year. Those with secondary osteoporosis were excluded. Subjects also had to be ambulant with a bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine >1 SD below that of age matched controls (Z-score < –1 SD). Eighty patients were enrolled, of whom 65 were recruited through a screening programme conducted in the practices of two general practitioners. The remaining patients were from other referrals. The subjects were randomized to two groups of 40 women. Treatment regimens were as follows. The etidronate group was treated with etidronate 400 mg once daily for 14 days followed by 76 days of 500 mg of elementary calcium once daily; this cycle was repeated every 3 months. The calcium group took 500 mg of elementary calcium once daily. The groups were not different in age, height, weight, time since menopause, BMD at baseline and prevalent vertebral fractures. In 50 patients (28 in the etidronate group and 22 in the calcium group) no vertebral fractures were present (67%). Sixty-four patients (35 in the etidronate group and 29 in the calcium group) completed the 3 years of the study. In the etidronate group the mean BMD of the lumbar spine, femoral neck, trochanter and Ward's triangle increased by 5.7%, 1.4%, 7.1% and 10.9% from baseline values respectively (p<0.05 at all sites except for the femoral neck). In the calcium group no significant changes from baseline were found at any time point at any site after 3 years, except for the femoral neck, where BMD at 156 weeks decreased significantly by 3% (p<0.003). In 3 patients, all in the calcium group, six new fractures were found. There were no serious adverse effects. We conclude that intermittent, cyclic treatment with etidronate causes a significant increase in the BMD of the lumbar spine and the proximal femur in osteopenic postmenopausal women, and that treatment is safe and has no serious adverse effects.     

Effects of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,serum calcium,and serum albumin on prognosis in patients with diabetic foot

The purpose of this study is to investigate the predictive value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), serum calcium, and serum albumin on the prognosis of patients with diabetic foot. A total of 156 patients who were treated in the Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery of Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from 1 January 2014 to 1 August 2020 were selected. All the patients were randomly divided into a healing group, minor amputation group, major amputation group, and death group according to their treatment outcomes. The levels of NLR, serum calcium and serum albumin in each group were examined and compared. The correlations between NLR, serum calcium, and serum albumin with the prognosis of diabetic foot were analysed to investigate their predictive effects on the prognosis of diabetic foot. The results of one-way ANOVA showed that among the 4 groups of patients, the difference in NLR values between the healing group and the minor amputation group was slightly smaller, but they were significantly different from the major amputation group and the death group, respectively. There was no significant difference in serum calcium levels between the healing group and the minor amputation group, but the serum calcium levels of the major amputation group and the death group gradually decreased. The levels of NLR in the 4 groups gradually increased, while the albumin levels gradually decreased. Spearman's rank correlation test indicated that NLR was significantly related to the prognosis of patients with diabetic foot. The group with higher NLR had a worse prognosis in diabetic foot patients. Serum calcium and serum albumin were strongly correlated with the prognosis of patients with diabetic foot. The group with lower serum calcium and serum albumin values had a worse prognosis in diabetic foot patients. The areas under the receiver operator characteristic curve of NLR, serum calcium and serum albumin were 0.901, 0.803, and 0.816, respectively. NLR, serum calcium and serum albumin can be used as reliable indicators to predict the prognosis of diabetic foot. Preoperative diabetic foot patients with higher NLR values or lower serum calcium and serum albumin have a poorer prognosis.     

Altered abdominal fat distribution and its association with the serum lipid profile in non-diabetic haemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND: Disturbances of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism may be associated with the distribution of abdominal adiposity. However, little is known about the alteration of abdominal adiposity and its association with the serum lipid profile in haemodialysis patients. METHODS: We evaluated the distribution of abdominal adiposity by using computed tomography and examined its relationship with the serum lipid profile in 92 non-diabetic haemodialysis patients and 80 control subjects with normal renal function. Since the mean body mass index (BMI) and total body fat mass were significantly lower in the haemodialysis patients than in the control subjects, the subcutaneous abdominal fat area and the visceral fat area were standardized by body mass index and compared between the haemodialysis patients and the control subjects. RESULTS: Mean subcutaneous fat area/body mass index (SFA/BMI) was significantly lower, and mean visceral fat area/body mass index (VFA/BMI) was significantly higher in the haemodialysis patients (SFA/BMI, 2.40+/-0.12; VFA/BMI, 2.28+/-0.15) than in the control subjects (SFA/BMI, 3.75+/-0.21, P<0.01; VFA/BMI, 1.65+/-0.15, P<0.01). Consequently, visceral fat area/ subcutaneous fat area ratio was significantly higher in the haemodialysis patients (1.05+/-0.07) than in the control subjects (0.46+/-0.04, P<0.01). A scattered plot of visceral fat area relative to BMI revealed that visceral fat area was higher in the haemodialysis patients than in the control subjects at any BMI level. A simple regression analysis showed that BMI, total body fat mass, subcutaneous fat area and visceral fat area were all associated with serum triglycerides and the atherogenic index, (total cholesterol-HDL cholesterol)/HDL cholesterol. Furthermore, a multiple regression analysis indicated that the visceral fat area was the best predictor for either the atherogenic index or triglycerides among these fat components. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that haemodialysis patients exhibited a visceral fat accumulation irrespective of BMI, and this shift of abdominal adiposity might be associated with disturbance of the serum lipid profile in non-diabetic haemodialysis patients.     

BMI和SMI在类风湿关节炎继发骨质疏松中的临床研究

目的探讨类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)患者的体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、脂肪质量指数(fat mass index,FMI)和骨骼肌质量指数(skeletal muscle mass index,SMI)与RA患者继发骨质疏松(osteoporosis,OP)的相关性。方法选择RA患者418例,同时选择同期健康体检的158名正常人作为对照组。采用双能X线骨密度仪测量研究对象股骨颈(Neck)、大转子(G.T)、总髋部(Hip)、腰椎1～4(L1、L2、L3、L4)部位的骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)并参照OP诊断标准进行分级,采用直接节段多频率生物电阻抗测试法测定研究对象的骨骼肌含量、体脂肪、矿物质含量,并计算BMI、FMI和SMI。结果①RA患者各测定部位的BMD均明显低于正常对照组(P0.0001),其OP发生率(42.6%)明显高于对照组(13.9%)(χ~2=41.551,P0.0001)。②RA患者肌少症发生率(54.5%)明显高于对照组(9.0%)(χ~2=96.747,P0.0001)。③不同BMI组RA患者间各部位的BMD、SMI、FMI、矿物质含量、体脂百分比和骨骼肌含量是明显不同的(P0.0001),且随着BMI的增高,上述各指标均呈线性增高趋势(P0.0001)。④在BMI为消瘦的RA患者中,肌少症组中OP发生率与无肌少症组中相近(48.1%vs 45.5%,χ~2=0.027,P=0.870),在BMI为正常、超重或肥胖组中,肌少症组中OP发生率均明显高于无肌少症组(56.6%vs 33.0%,χ~2=12.238,P0.0001;52.6%vs 22.7%,χ~2=10.953,P=0.001)。在有或无肌少症的RA患者中,不同BMI组间RA患者OP发生率无明显差别(P=0.563、0.148)。⑤线性相关分析显示,SMI与各部位的BMD和BMI均呈正直线相关(P0.0001),而与体脂百分比呈负直线相关(P0.0001)。⑥多元Logistic回归分析显示,SMI(OR=0.696,P=0.001,95%CI:0.565～0.857)为RA患者发生OP的保护因素,年龄(OR=1.091,P0.0001,95%CI:1.065～1.117)和性别(OR=5.259,P0.0001,95%CI:2.543～10.876)均为RA患者发生OP的危险因素。结论 BMI、SMI和FMI均与RA患者OP的发生有关,但SMI是RA患者发生OP最重要的保护因素。     

Reappraisal of Katsuragi Calcium study,a prospective,double-blind,placebo-controlled study of the effect of active absorbable algal calcium (AAACa) on vertebral deformity and fracture

A prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the effect of supplementation with 900mg/day of calcium, as active absorbable algal calcium (AAA Ca) or calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), on lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) carried out in elderly inpatients with osteoporosis at Katsuragi Hospital was re-evaluated in terms of the effects on vertebral fracture and spondylotic deformity. In addition to the already reported increase in lumbar BMD, AAA Ca was found to inhibit new occurrence of vertebral fracture. Intra-individual variations in L₁–L₄ BMD (expressed by the coefficient of variation, indicating the degree of spondylotic deformity, were also inhibited significantly in the group supplemented with AAA Ca (group A), but not in group B (supplemented with CaCO₃), from the level in the placebo-supplement group (group C) after 18 months of supple-mentation. According to whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) results in the first and second year of the study, whole body mass, lean content, and mineral content, expressed as a percentage of whole body mass, stayed unchanged, while increase of fat content was significantly inhibited in group A, but not in group B, from the level in group C. As to the regional distribution of bone mineral content, the second year/first year value for head bone mineral content was significantly decreased with AAA supplementation compared with placebo, but no significant difference was found between CaCO₃ and placebo supplementation. Changes in mineral distribution in the arms, trunk, and legs showed no significant differences among the three groups. In addition to increasing BMD and preventing fracture, AAA Ca, but not CaCO₃, appears to inhibit the occurrence of spondylotic deformity and to decrease body fat content.