原发性骶前肿瘤的诊治体会

为探讨骶前肿瘤的诊断及手术治疗方法,回顾性分析16例骶前肿瘤患者的病例资料。16例骶前肿瘤患者人院时诊断：骶前囊肿7例,骶前囊肿伴感染2例,骶前肿瘤性质待定3例,肛周脓肿3例,肛瘘1例。术前行直肠指检及盆腔MRI作出骶前肿瘤诊断,肿瘤直径平均6．1（2．1～8．3）cm。均采用旁骶尾入路手术切除肿瘤。结果显示,16例均一次手术治愈,13例创面一期愈合,1例创面内积液,2例创口感染,经局部换药后二期愈合。术后诊断（病理类型）：皮样囊肿3例,表皮样囊肿5例,尾肠囊肿3例,畸胎瘤1例,间质瘤2例,骶前黏液腺癌2例。随访8～48个月。1例骶前黏液腺癌26个月后局部复发与盆底组织粘连,40个月后死亡;1例骶前黏液腺癌40个月后局部复发,行腹会阴联合切除术。1例表皮样囊肿术后20个月复发,再行手术切除治愈。术后所有病例肛门括约肌功能良好。结果表明,骶前肿瘤常无典型临床表现,术前直肠指检及盆腔MRI检查应作为诊断的首选检查方法。旁骶尾入路手术可以治疗大多数骶前肿瘤,其手术创伤小,出血少,并发症少。术后引流通畅是保证创面一期愈合的关键。     

手指扩肛和手术治疗术后肛门直肠狭窄72例效果观察

为总结术后肛门与直肠狭窄的治疗经验，回顾性分析采用手指扩肛和敞开式手术方式、不加缝合手术创面治疗各类肛肠病手术后造成肛门与直肠狭窄患者72例，其中肛裂术后引起肛门狭窄6例，各类肛瘘术后引起肛门直肠狭窄12例，外痔术后引起肛门狭窄12例，混合痔术后引起肛门直肠狭窄8例，PPH术后引起直肠环状狭窄16例，各类直肠术后引起直肠狭窄18例。结果显示：治愈46例，好转26例，总有效率100％。结果表明，门诊诊治，局部麻醉，手术简单，疗效确切。痛苦少，疗程短，且无后遗症和并发症，更容易被患者所接受。     

骨盆骨折并发直肠损伤诊治分析(附34例报告)

目的　探讨骨盆骨折并发直肠损伤的诊断和治疗方法。方法　回顾性分析 1988～2 0 0 3年我院收治的 3 4例骨盆骨折并发直肠损伤患者的临床资料 ,其中乙状结肠双腔造口 3 2例 ,回肠单腔造口 2例 ,均行充分引流和直肠冲洗。结果　除外 4例死于并发症 ,其余患者均痊愈出院 ;所有造口后存活者均行造口闭合术。结论　对骨盆骨折并直肠损伤患者采用造口转流粪便、骶前引流、直肠冲洗、防止并发症等综合治疗方法 ,可取得较好疗效     

伴有直肠肛管损伤的开放性骨盆骨折的治疗

目的 探讨伴有直肠肛管损伤的开放性骨盆骨折的治疗. 方法 1998年10月至2008年10月共收治35例开放性骨盆骨折患者,其中19例伴有直肠肛管损伤,对此19例患者的资料进行回顾性分析.骨折按Tile方法 分类:A型1例,B型5例,C型13例.直肠肛管损伤部位:腹膜内直肠损伤3例,腹膜外直肠损伤11例,肛管损伤5例.患者入院后,临床治疗按四步流程开展:①急救复苏:抢救生命和控制出血,②结肠造瘘与清创,③骨盆骨折的治疗,④后期创面的处理. 结果 19例患者均存活,并获得12～48个月(平均18个月)随访.直肠肛管损伤治疗结果 按Hiltunen标准进行评价:18例治愈(无失禁及部分失禁),1例出现医源性狭窄后经扩肛治疗改善.骨盆骨折按Majeed疗效评价:优3例,良11例,可4例,差1例,优良率为73.7%.创面愈合:18例创面Ⅰ期愈合或Ⅱ期经过植皮及转移皮瓣修复后愈合,其中1例创面有不同程度感染,经换药、引流及加强抗炎后愈合;1例创面损伤及感染严重,行右股骨中上段截肢、转移皮瓣覆盖会阴创面及双侧睾丸移位置于腹部皮下,加强换药后好转,留待Ⅱ期整形处理. 结论 对于伴有直肠肛管损伤的开放性骨盆骨折,通过术前准确的评估,结合伤情的演变规律,分阶段按照止血与液体复苏、骨科损伤控制、多学科联合、复合固定技术、感染控制等一系列原则序贯而针对性地进行处理,患者可存活,并能取得较满意的效果.     

Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of rectal trauma. Blunt versus penetrating

In the last 6 years, nine patients with blunt and 16 with penetrating rectal injuries were treated at University Hospital, Jacksonville, Florida. Blunt trauma was caused by vehicular accidents in seven patients and crush injuries in two. Penetrating rectal trauma was due to gunshot wounds in ten patients and foreign body insertion in six. All patients with blunt injury had bright red rectal bleeding, which led to diagnostic sigmoidoscopy. Rectal injury was identified at sigmoidoscopy in 12 patients who had penetrating wounds and at laparotomy in four patients. Thirteen patients who had penetrating rectal trauma had injury to only the rectum or to one additional organ. In contrast, all patients who had blunt rectal trauma had at least three associated injuries. In the penetrating group, 13 patients were treated by colostomy and mucus fistula; three patients with mucosal injury were managed nonoperatively. The only death occurred in a patient whose rectal injury was initially missed. Patients who had blunt rectal trauma were managed with colostomy and mucus fistula. Three patients died postoperatively, two of pelvic bleeding and one of head injury. Hemodynamic stabilization, colostomy and mucus fistula, presacral drainage, and rectal washout constitute proper treatment of patients with blunt or penetrating rectal trauma. Because of the greater number and severity of associated injuries, morbidity and mortality are higher after blunt rectal trauma.     

直肠癌保肛术后经腹膜外骶前置管引流的临床效果

为探讨直肠癌保肛术后经腹膜外骶前置管引流的有效性和安全性,对835例行直肠癌保肛术患者术后采用经腹膜外骶前置管引流,观察其临床效果,并统计引流量。结果显示,本组患者均治愈,无围手术期死亡病例。引流量：第1天90～350ml,第2天40～110ml,第3天后10~20ml。本组发生吻合口漏15例,其中13例经引流管及直肠置管冲洗引流后痊愈。结果表明,直肠癌保肛术后经腹膜外骶前置管引流安全有效,可以有效预防盆腔积液及吻合口漏等并发症的发生。     

切开旷置挂线引流术治疗肛周多间隙脓肿的疗效观察

为提高治疗肛周多间隙脓肿的疗效,采用主灶低位切开高位挂线副灶开窗旷置对口引流术治疗肛周多间隙脓肿50例,全部一次性治愈,治愈时间19～51d,平均26d。术后随访O．5～2年,复发1例,无肛门失禁及肛门移位。结果表明,该法能保持肛管直肠环完整性和功能,是一次性治愈肛周多间隙脓肿的理想术式。     

腹腔镜低位直肠前切除术后吻合口漏的原因及预防

【摘要】 目的 探讨腹腔镜下低位直肠前切除术后吻合口漏的原因和预防措施。方法 回顾性分析2014年5月至2015年6月253例低位直肠癌患者行腹腔镜低位直肠前切除术的临床资料。结果 253例患者手术均获成功,无一例死亡。其中15例患者(5.9%)发生了术后吻合口漏,1例因腹膜炎行腹腔镜再手术并行回肠末端造口,14例经腹膜外骶前引流、局部冲洗、抗感染及肠外营养支持等保守治疗后痊愈;其余患者恢复良好。腹腔镜低位直肠前切除术发生术后吻合口漏的原因主要与术后肠管血运不良、吻合口张力较大以及直肠双吻合技术缺陷有关。结论 腹膜外骶前置管引流是是治疗术后吻合口漏的有效措施。     

超高位多瘘管复杂性肛门直肠瘘的综合治疗311例报告

目的为提高超高位复杂性肛门直肠瘘治疗效果。方法回顾性总结超高位多瘘管复杂性肛门直肠瘘的综合治疗方法：中上段直肠瘘行开腹切除,肛门瘘行肛提肌以下瘘管切除,肛提肌以上主瘘管挂线、支瘘管ＺＴ胶栓塞。结果综合治疗超高位多瘘管复杂性肛门直肠瘘３１１例,其中,单纯开腹３例,开腹＋挂线＋切除６例,开腹＋挂线＋栓塞＋切除４例,挂线＋栓塞４９例,挂线＋栓塞＋切除８７例,单纯瘘管切除１６２例,随访３０３例,治愈２９６例,治愈率９７７％,复发７例,复发率２３％。结论正确处理瘘管内口和瘘管内端,彻底消除支瘘管和死腔窦道内的感染物,保证创口引流和彻底冲洗,是手术成功的关键。综合治疗对高位复杂性肛门直肠瘘具有广泛适用性。     

Anal lesions complicating Crohn's disease.

Anal lesions were registered in 19 of 72 patients (26%) operated on for Crohn's disease at the Tampere University Hospital during 1966-1988. During a median follow-up time of six years two patients with anal disease (10%) needed no therapy, while 11 (58%) required only minimal surgery: drainage of an anal abscess in six, anal fistulotomy in three and anal dilatation in two patients, four (21%) had proctectomy for anal disease and one had a resection of active proximal disease. One patient had fecal diversion to control anal disease with poor results. There was one anorectal carcinoma which developed into prolonged anorectal stenosis. One of 10 patients (10%) with proximal disease in the small bowel needed proctectomy for anal disease while three of seven (43%) with proximal disease in the large bowel had proctectomy. On re-examination of all 72 patients with Crohn's disease there were 11 new cases with anal symptoms after a median follow-up of 12 years (eight cases with skin tags and three with anal stenosis); these patients have not required surgery. The study shows that the natural course of anal lesions in Crohn's patients varies widely and only 21% have severe anorectal disease. One patient developed anorectal carcinoma which points to the need of regular follow-up of anorectal stenosis.     

骶前持续低负压冲洗引流在骶前囊肿切除术后促进骶前残腔及会阴切口恢复价值研究

目的 探讨骶前持续低负压冲洗引流在骶前囊肿切除术后促进骶前残腔及会阴切口恢复的临床效果及价值。方法 回顾性分析2014年1月至2021年1月郑州大学附属肿瘤医院收治的130例接受骶前囊肿切除术病人的临床资料,根据骶前引流方式不同,分为骶前持续低负压冲洗引流组（67例）和传统骶前引流组（63例）,比较两组病人术后骶前残腔、会阴部切口并发症及治疗效果,骶前残腔、会阴部切口感染的处理及效果等。结果 骶前持续低负压冲洗引流组会阴部切口感染、骶前积液并感染的发生率均显著低于传统骶前引流组［3例（4.5%）vs 10例（15.9%）,1例（1.5% ）vs 7例（11.9%）;P均＜0.05］;骶前持续低负压冲洗引流组骶前残腔恢复时间及会阴部切口愈合时间均短于传统骶前引流组［14（12,24）vs.16（14,40）d,12（10,28）vs. 14（12,48）d;P均＜0.05］。两组共21例术后骶前残腔及会阴部感染,骶前持续低负压冲洗引流组切口拆开引流处理低于传统骶前引流组［0 vs.10例（58.8%）,P＜0.05］;其骶前残腔及会阴部切口感染症状转归时间短于传统骶前引流组［（5.0±1.4）d vs.（7.2±2.6）d,P＜0.05］。结论 骶前持续负压冲洗引流可降低骶前积液及会阴部切口感染的发生率,加速骶前囊肿切除术后骶前残腔及会阴部切口恢复,促进病人快速康复。     

重建肛门外括肌和直肠肛管角治疗先天性肛门闭锁肛门成形术后大便失禁(附32例报告)

目的:观察重建肛门外括肌和直肠肛管角治疗先天性肛门闭锁肛门成形术后大便失禁的临床疗效。方法:对32例先天性肛门闭锁肛门成形术后大便失禁患者用股薄肌重建肛门外括肌并重建直肠肛管角。结果:32例患者术后随访1年,肛门功能优19例,良9例,较好4例,无效者未发现,总满意率为87·5%(28/32)。结论:用股薄肌重建肛门外括肌并重建直肠肛管角,术后患者肛门功能满意率高,患者生活质量明显提高。     

三线引流术治疗高位复杂性肛瘘50例临床分析

为总结三线引流术治疗高位复杂性肛瘘的临床经验,回顾性分析采用三线引流术治疗50例高位复杂性肛瘘的临床资料。三线引流术即高位主管皮筋挂线勒割引流、低位支管对口拖线隧道引流、高位支管药线腐蚀脱管引流。结果显示,50例全部治愈,其中一期治愈48例,一期治愈率达96％,2例双侧高位主瘘管,经分期手术治愈。术后随访0．5～2年,均无复发,肛门功能正常,无肛门畸形、失禁发生。结果表明,三线引流术是治疗高位复杂性肛瘘的理想方法。     

Sensory nerve endings in puborectalis and anal region: normal findings in the newborn and changes in anorectal anomalies

This study was carried out in five full-term newborn babies and 11 patients with anorectal anomalies (five of whom had high deformity, five had intermediate, and one had low), using the modified Bielschowsky method. The following four kinds of sensory nerve ending were found: muscle spindle in the puborectalis and the external anal sphincter, Pacinian corpuscle in the plane between the internal anal sphincter and the external anal sphincter and in the presacral space, globular ending in the presacral space, and free nerve ending in the epithelium of the anal canal and in the perianal skin. It was found that there were significantly fewer muscle spindles in the puborectalis and many fewer Pacinian corpuscles and globular endings in the presacral space of high and intermediate deformities than normal. No spindle was found in the external sphincteric muscles of the deformities. On the other hand, the Pacinian corpuscles and the globular endings of high and intermediate deformities lagged behind normal in development. The densities of the nerve bundles in the subepidermis and the nerve fibers in the dermis of perineal region in high and intermediate deformities were much lower than normal, and the decrease in density corresponded to the levels of the rectal pouch. The observation showed that the agenesis of sensory nerve endings in the puborectalis and the anal region was one of the most significant pathological features in high and intermediate types of anorectal anomalies, and might be responsible for the abnormalities of the reflex of the anal sphincter and the anal sensation in such patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

主灶切开双挂线引流治疗高位蹄铁型肛周脓肿24例疗效观察

为观察主灶切开双挂线引流治疗高位蹄铁型肛周脓肿的临床效果,采用主灶脓腔一次性切开,彻底处理内口,脓腔远端切开,用橡皮筋虚挂线引流,中间皮桥旷置,治疗高位蹄铁型肛周脓肿24例。结果显示,24例全部治愈,疗程14~22d,平均18d。术后随访0．5～1年,无肛门失禁、肛管直肠狭窄或肛门畸形等后遗症。结果表明,该术式出血少、损伤小、疼痛轻,创口愈合时间短,治疗费用低,愈合后瘢痕小,保护了肛门括约肌功能及肛周正常组织,术后无肛门变形、肛门狭窄、肛门失禁等后遗症。     

伴会阴部损伤的开放性骨盆骨折治疗

目的探讨伴会阴部损伤的开放性骨盆骨折治疗方法及疗效。方法 2000年8月-2010年7月,收治16例伴会阴部损伤的开放性骨盆骨折患者。男12例,女4例;年龄17～69岁,平均41岁。致伤原因:交通事故伤9例,高处坠落伤6例,重物砸伤1例。受伤至入院时间为5～20 min,平均8 min。骨盆骨折按照Tile分型标准:A型2例,B型6例,C型8例。创面范围5 cm×3 cm～15 cm×12 cm。会阴部损伤部位:腹膜内直肠损伤2例,腹膜外直肠肛管损伤14例。按创伤严重度评分标准(injury severity score,ISS)评分为25～48分,平均29分。入院后按创伤骨折流程急救处理,主要包括急救复苏、结肠造瘘、外固定架固定、创面多次清创、冲洗、持续封闭式负压引流技术(vacuum sealingdrainage,VSD)。结果入院4 d内死亡5例,其中3例死于失血性休克,2例死于多器官功能衰竭。余11例存活患者均获随访,随访时间6～46个月,平均14个月。X线片检查示骨盆骨折于术后2～4个月达骨性愈合。术后会阴部损伤创面均有不同程度感染,经扩创、VSD治疗后,其中10例创面直接拉拢缝合后Ⅱ期愈合,1例行股薄肌皮瓣移位修复后愈合。直肠肛管损伤患者随访期间无失禁表现。结论对于伴会阴部损伤的开放性骨盆骨折,应早期积极抗休克、保护重要脏器功能、处理合并症,后期抗感染、恢复骨盆环稳定性、修复重建直肠肛管及尿道功能,以获得较好疗效。     

骶前肿瘤手术27例临床分析

目的探讨骶前肿瘤的诊断及手术治疗方法及经验。方法骶前肿瘤患者27例,21例初发,6例为复发。均行肛指检查、CT和（／或）MRI作出诊断。肿瘤直径平均6．3（2．4～10．3）cm。单纯经腹手术2例,单纯经骶手术20例,经腹经骶联合手术5例。结果切口一期愈合21例。病理类型：皮样囊肿7例,表皮样囊肿6例,畸胎瘤4例（1例恶变）,平滑肌瘤3例,神经纤维瘤2例,脂肪瘤1例,感染形成脓肿3例,皮脂腺囊肿1例。所有患者均获随访,时间7～14个月。3例经骶手术复发,其中2例为皮样囊肿切除后引流不畅形成积液,再行手术切除引流治愈;1例畸胎瘤手术后复发,再行经骶切除后成功。1例感染形成的脓肿复发,经加强局部引流后愈合。结论骶前肿瘤诊断并不困难,CT等检查可指导手术方式。大多数肿瘤都可以采用经骶入路切除,手术后引流通畅是保障愈合的关键。     

Surgical strategy for wounds of the cervical part of the esophagus

An analysis of results of treatment of 425 patients aged from 15 to 85 years with penetrating wounds of the neck was made. In 40 (8.1%) patients there were wounds of the cervical part of the esophagus, 29 of them had associated injuries. The proposed active surgical strategy consisted in a necessary thorough revision of the penetrating wounds of the neck using general anesthesia and then directly in the operation room using subsidiary methods of examination such as urgent x-ray analysis with a water-soluble contrast, esophagoscopy, larengotracheoscopy. This approach allowed detection of injuries of the cervical part of the esophagus, even in cases of the absence of clinical symptoms of esophagus injuries. In all the patients the wounds of the esophagus were sutured and followed by active aspiration drainage and antibacterial treatment with modern antimicrobial medicines.     

对口引流挂线术治疗蹄铁型肛瘘的疗效观察

为探讨对口引流挂线术治疗蹄铁型肛瘘的临床疗效，我科采用对口引流挂线术治疗蹄铁型肛瘘52例，并对其疗效进行观察。结果显示，52例患者中，痊愈50例（96．2％），好转2例（3．8％），有效率100％。好转的2例患者经二次手术治愈。平均住院时间为22d。随访6个月至3年，成功随访43例，均无复发及肛门失禁等后遗症发生。结果表明，对口引流挂线术治疗蹄铁型肛瘘，治愈率高，并发症少，值得临床推广。     

负压封闭引流结合间断开窗技术在大面积跟腱外露创面修复中的使用体会

目的:总结应用负压封闭引流(VSD)结合间断开窗技术促进大面积跟腱外露创面肉芽组织生长后植皮修复的临床效果。方法:2009年7月至2014年5月收治跟腱大面积外露创面患者11例,其中男5例,女6例;年龄7～65岁,平均43岁。重物擦挫伤致皮肤坏死4例,胫腓骨远端骨折术后皮肤坏死3例,车轮夹伤致皮肤坏死3例,糖尿病致皮肤坏死1例。跟腱外露面积6 cm×3 cm～14 cm×5 cm,均无跟腱断裂及骨质外露。清创后于跟腱表面以尖刀片和跟腱纵轴平行间断开窗,结合负压封闭引流(VSD)治疗。结果:所有创面经1个VSD周期(5～7 d)吸引后,均有丰富新鲜肉芽组织生成,Ⅱ期植皮后均成活。患者均获随访,时间12～24个月,皮片色泽良好,质地柔软,无破溃。术后3～4个月皮片下即有皮下脂肪生成,皮肤滑动满意,踝关节活动良好。无迟发型跟腱断裂发生。结论:负压封闭引流(VSD)结合间断开窗技术修复大面积跟腱外露创面,简便易行,安全有效,可最大程度减少患者行皮瓣修复创面所带来的副损伤。