载脂蛋白E基因多态性与早发冠心病的关系及其对血脂的影响

目的 研究载脂蛋白E（apolipoprotein E,apoE)基因多态性与早发冠心病（coronary heart disease,CHD)的相关关系及其对血脂水平的影响。方法 应用聚合酶链反应－限制性片段长度多态性（polymerase chain reaction-restricted fragment hength polymorphism,PCR-RFLP)基因分析方法,测定52例早发CHD、161例迟发CHD患者和180名对照者的apoE基因型;血脂水平按常规方法测定。结果 发现的5种apoE基因型,分别为E3／3、E4／4、E3／2、E4／3及E4／2。早发CHD组和迟发CHD组apoE4/3基因型和ε4等位基因频率均高于对照组（P＜0．01）;进一步对两组CHD患者的apoE多态性进行分析,发现早发组ε4等位基因频率较迟发组为高（P＜0．05）。apoE各等位基因型之间,TC和LDL－C水平之间存在统计学差异（P＜0．05）。结论 apoE基因多态性与早发CHD的发生发展有关并影响血脂的水平。     

阿尔茨海默病与载脂蛋白E基因-427C/T多态性的关联研究

目的 探讨上海地区汉族人群载脂蛋白E(apolipoprotein E，apoE)基因启动子区—427C／T多态性与Alzheimer病(Alzheimer's disease，AD)发病风险的关系。方法 采用聚合酶链反应和限制性片段长度多态性方法，在104例AD患者和110名正常人中检测了apoE基因—427C／T各基因型及基因频率的分布。按比值比(odds ratio，0R)作疾病关联分析。结果 (1)AD患者与正常对照人群之间不存在—427C／T各等位基因和基因型频率分布的差异(P＞0．05)；(2)按apoE ε4基因分层后，无论是ε4型人群还是非ε4人群都不存在AD患者与正常老人间多态分布的差异(P＞0．05)；(3)在—427C／T 3种基因型中，仅T／T型AD与apoE ε4等位基因呈正关联(OR＝3．94，95％CI：2．206—7．038，x^2＝21．48，P＜0．05)。结论 上海地区汉族人群中，apo E基因—427C／T多态不是AD的疾病易感因子。     

α3—巨球蛋白基因多态性与Alzheimer病的关联研究

目的：观察α2-巨球蛋白基因（α2-macroglobulin,A2M) 内含子17一种五核苷酸缺失突变在广州地区汉族老年人中的分布,探讨其与晚发Alzheimer病（AD）的相关性。方法：以97例晚发AD患者和111名健康老年人为对照进行病例－对照研究。用聚合酶链反应－限制性片段长度多态性方法分析A2M缺失／插入多态性和载脂蛋白E（apolipoproteinE,apoE)基因多态性。结果：（1）A2M基因缺失突变在晚发AD患者中的频率为2．6％,在正常老年人中的频率为2．7％,在所有受试者中未检测到A2M突变纯合体,晚发AD患者和健康老年人之间不存在A2M等位基因和基因型分布的差异,A2M基因多态性与晚发AD无关联。（2）晚发AD患者中apoE等位基因ε4频率显著升高（Z＝3．32,P＜0．01）。晚发AD与ε3／ε4基因型正关联（RR＝2．62,χ^2=6.89,P＜0．01）,和等位基因ε4正关联（RR＝2．67,χ^2=10.71,P＜0．01）。（3）晚发AD无论是否伴有apoE-ε4均与A2M不存在相关性。结论：广州汉族人群中A2M基因缺失突变多态性与晚发AD不具有关联。     

新疆维吾尔族阿尔茨海默病患者脑啡肽酶基因与载脂蛋白E基因多态性的关联分析

目的 探讨脑啡肽酶(neprilysin,NEP)基因rs3736187位点突变及其与载脂蛋白E(apolipoprotein E,ApoE)基因相互作用在新疆维吾尔族人群散发性阿尔茨海默病(sporadic Alzheimer disease,SAD)发病机制中的作用.方法 应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法 检测了111例维吾尔族SAD患者和117名维吾尔族正常老年人NEP基因和ApoE基因多态性分布特征.结果 (1)NEP基因T等位基因频率在AD组高于对照组(x2=5.005,P＜0.05),携带T等位基因个体出现AD的危险性高于携带C等位基因的个体.(2)ApoE基因ε4等位基因频率AD组高于对照组(x2=4.218,P＜0.05),携带ε4等位基因个体出现AD的危险性高于未携带ε4等位基因的个体.(3)NEP基因的T等位基因与SAD发病相关且不受ApoE基因型影响.结论 NEP基因和ApoE基因的基因多态性与新疆维吾尔族SAD发病有关联.NEP基因可能是新疆维吾尔族SAD发病独立的易感基因.     

新疆汉族和维吾尔族健康人群VKORC1启动子区基因多态性研究

目的了解VKORC1—1639A／G基因多态性在新疆汉族和维吾尔健康人群中的分布及其与国外其他不同民族之间的差异。方法采用PCR—RFLP技术对205名汉族和204名维吾尔族乌鲁木齐地区体检健康者VKORC1—1639A／G基因多态性进行检测，计算其基因型和等位基因频率，并与国外多个民族VKORC1—1639A／G基因多态性分布进行比较。结果新疆汉族和维吾尔族健康人群中共检测到2种等位基因：A和G。汉族A和G等位基因频率分别为87％和13％，维吾尔族A和G等位基冈频率分别为62％和38％。新疆汉族和维吾尔族健康人群VKORC1—1639A／G基因多态性共检测到3种基因型，新疆汉族健康人群以AA基因型常见，基因型频率74％。其次是AG基因型，基因型频率分别为26％。GG基因型的个体仅检测到1例，基因型频率小于1。新疆维吾尔族健康人群以AG基因型常见，基因型频率58％。其次是AA基因型，基因型频率分别为33％。GG基因型频率为9％。结论新疆汉族VKORC1—1639A／G基因多态性以AA基因型为主。维吾尔族VKORC1—1639A／G基因多态性以AG基因型为主，新疆汉族VKORC1—1639A／G基因多态性分布与维吾尔族人群和欧美人群存在较大差异。新疆维吾尔族人群VKORC1—1639A／G基因多态性分布与欧关人群接近。     

糖皮质激素受体基因ER22/23EK多态性与新疆维吾尔族人自然长寿的关系及与汉族人群的比较

目的探讨糖皮质激素受体基因(GR)第2外显子ER22/23EK多态性与维吾尔族人自然长寿的关系及种族差异。方法选择新疆维吾尔族191名年龄>90岁的健康个体为长寿组,另选53名年龄(65~70岁)、性别、地域相匹配已自然死亡的正常个体为对照组;同时随机调查移居新疆和田地区30年以上的(65~70岁)汉族老年人82人。采用序列特异引物PCR(PCR-SSP)、PCR-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RELP)和PCR-直接测序(PCR-sequen-c ing)等技术对GR基因进行分型。结果191名自然长寿老人和53名对照组中,ER22/23EK的等位基因和基因型频率无差异。新疆汉族老人GR基因ER22/23EK携带者显著高于维吾尔族老人,其WM、MM基因型(P<0.001)和M等位基因频率(P<0.0001)均显著高于维吾尔族老人,而WW基因型和W等位基因频率则显著降低。结论ER22/23EK的等位基因和基因型频率可能与维吾尔族自然长寿无关联,但有显著的种族差异。     

Ⅳ型高脂血症患者高密度脂蛋白亚类组成与载脂蛋白E基因多态性关系的研究

目的探讨型高脂血症患者载脂蛋白E基因多态性与HDL亚类组成的关系。方法采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性和双向电泳-免疫印迹检测法,分析103例型高脂血症患者和146名血脂正常者的apoE基因型、HDL各亚类组成及相对含量。结果型高脂血症组和对照组apoE基因型及等位基因频率分布均以E3/3和ε3最高。型高脂血症患者中等位基因ε2携带者血清HDL-C、apoE、apoE/C、HDL2a较等位基因ε3、ε4携带者升高,而TG/HDL-C、apoC则下降,等位基因ε2携带者HDL3c较等位基因ε3携带者降低,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组中等位基因ε2携带者血清TG、apoE、apoE/C较等位基因ε3和ε4携带者升高,等位基因ε2携带者HDL3a较等位基因ε3携带者降低,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论型高脂血症患者apoEε2等位基因与血清HDL亚类的成熟代谢有关。     

肥胖者HDL亚类组成与载脂蛋白E基因多态性的关系

目的：探讨肥胖者血清载脂蛋白E基因多态性与HDL亚类组成的关系。 方法： 采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性和双向电泳-免疫印迹检测法，分析93例肥胖者和96例非肥胖者者的apoE基因型、HDL各亚类组成及相对含量。 结果： 肥胖组和对照组apoE基因型及等位基因频率分布均以E3/3和ε3最高。肥胖者等位基因ε2携带者血清apoE/CⅢ、HDL2a较等位基因ε3和ε4携带者升高，而apoB100、apoCIII、HDL3c则较ε3携带者下降，差异显著（P<0.05）。对照组中等位基因ε2携带者血清TC、apoE较等位基因ε3携带者升高，等位基因ε2携带者HDL3b较等位基因ε3携带者降低，差异显著（P<0.05）。 结论： apoE 基因多态性与HDL亚类的组成和分布相关,ε2等位基因有减缓肥胖者HDL颗粒变小的作用。     

新疆维吾尔族人群apoE基因多态性与冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的关系

目的探讨中国新疆维吾尔族人群载脂蛋白E(apolipoprotein E, apoE)基因多态性对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(coronary atheros clerotic heart disease, CHD)的影响。方法用PCR-RFLP方法测定了55例新疆维吾尔族男性CHD患者及53名健康献血员apoE基因型。结果健康对照组及CHD组apoE等位基因E2、E3、E4的频率分别为0.047、0.820、0.132和0.027、0.773、0.200,两组比较差异无显著性。(2)CHD组不同等位基因携带者心肌梗塞(myocardial infarction, MI)发生的相对危险度E4＞E3＞E2,MI发生的年龄E4＜E3＜E2,E4携带者明显早于E2。结论携带E4等位基因的个体血清TC、LDL-C水平升高,CHD者MI发生的危险度增加,易早发MI。提示E4等位基因可能是CHD的一个遗传易患因子。     

载脂蛋白E在阿尔茨海默病中的表达及其意义

目的探讨载脂蛋白E（apoE）基因多态性和ε4等位基因与阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer disease,AD）的关系,以及apoE在AD老年斑形成过程中的作用。方法从北京医院病理科1982—2003年尸检材料中选出27例AD,均按照美国多中心合作建立的阿尔茨海默病的病理诊断标准诊断,其中23例为肯定AD,4例为可疑AD。另选年龄相仿的对照组67例,为北京医院病理科同期非神经系统疾病死亡的尸检标本。分别应用免疫组织化学SP法检测β-淀粉蛋白（β-amyloid,AB）、Tau蛋白,以及SP法和ABC法免疫组织化学双标技术检测Aβ／apoE在AD脑组织中的表达;对23例肯定AD脑组织进行老年斑和神经原纤维缠结计数及形态学观察。应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR—RFLP）技术,对所有的AD及对照组标本进行apoE基因多态性分析。结果AB免疫组织化学染色显示AD脑组织内有4种不同类型的老年斑,即弥漫性非神经突斑、弥漫性神经突斑、有核心的神经突斑、有核心的非神经突斑。Aβ／apoE免疫组织化学双标染色显示有的老年斑A6和apoE均阳性,其在上述4种类型的老年斑中阳性表达率分别为4．28％、84．71％、8．50％、2．51％,弥漫性神经突斑Aβ／apoE免疫组织化学双标染色均阳性的表达率明显高于其他类型老年斑,P〈0．01。AD组apoEε4等位基因的频率明显高于对照组,P〈0．01。23例肯定的AD中,具有apoEε4等位基因的AD脑组织内的老年斑和神经原纤维缠结的数量均明显多于无apoEε4等位基因的AD脑组织,P〈0．01。结论apoE基因多态性与AD发生有关;apoEaε4等位基因是AD发病的重要危险因素,与AD脑组织病变的形成和进展有密切关系;apoE蛋白可能在AD弥漫性非神经突斑向弥漫性神经突斑进展过程中发挥了重要作用。     

Apolipoprotein E alleles in women with pre-eclampsia

AIMS: To investigate the frequency of three apolipoprotein E (apoE) alleles among women with pre-eclampsia. METHODS: The presence of the three most common apoE alleles (epsilon 2, epsilon 3, epsilon 4) was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in two groups of women: healthy pregnant women (n = 91) and pregnant women with a diagnosis of pre-eclampsia (n = 133). In addition, the frequencies of the alleles in the general population in this area are presented for comparison. RESULTS: The frequency of the apo epsilon 4 allele was 18.4% among women with pre-eclampsia and 18.7% among healthy pregnant women (Fisher's exact test; p = 0.941), which is close to the rate in the general population in this area (19%). None of the apolipoprotein E genotypes was significantly over-represented, and homozygous genotype epsilon 4 was not associated with more severe clinical disease than were the other genotypes. CONCLUSION: The observed profiles of allele and genotype frequencies confirm an equilibrium state between apoE polymorphism and pre-eclampsia and suggest that apoE does not play a major role in the development of pre-eclampsia.     

中国人内源性高甘油三酯血症载脂蛋白E基因多态性的研究

目的 探讨中国人内源性高城油三酯血症（endogenous hypertriglyceridemia,HTG)患者载脂蛋白E（apolipoprotein E,apoE)基因多态性及其与血脂和载脂蛋白水平的关系。方法 采用聚合酶链反应－限制性片段长度多态性分析方法,分别对225例HTG患者及230名血脂正常者的apoE基因型、空腹血脂及载脂蛋白AⅠ、AⅡ、B100、CⅡ、CⅢ、E进行了分析。结果 HTG患者的体重指数(BMI)` 清甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（nHDLC)水平较对照组显著升高,血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDLC）则显著降低（P＜0．001）,并伴有载脂蛋白水平的异常。HTG组与对照组apoE基因型及等位基因频率分布均以E3／3和ε3最高,HTG组的ε2等位基因有增高的趋势（P＞0．05）。对照组ε2等位基因携带者血清TG和apoE水平较ε3和ε4等位基因携带者显著升高（P＜0．001）,其低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDLC）水平及apoE/ApoC Ⅲ比值则显著降低（P＜0．001）。结论 ε2等位基因与血清TG和apoE水平升高及LDLC水平降低有关,apoE/apoC Ⅲ比值降低可能与HTG患者血TG水平升高有关。     

载脂蛋白E基因多态性在云南省德宏州傣族人群的分布

目的　探讨云南省德宏州傣族人群和昆明汉族人群载脂蛋白E(apolipoprotein E,apo E)基因多态性分布情况。方法　收集171名德宏傣族和71名昆明汉族人群基因组,通过聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法检测apo E基因第4外显子第112位和15 8位的多态性。结果　傣族组apo Eε2 / 2、ε2 /3、ε2 / 4、ε3/ 3、ε3/ 4、ε4 / 4基因型频率依次为:0 .0 0 6、0 .111、0 .0 0 6、0 .789、0 .0 88、0 .0 0 0 ;汉族组依次为:0 .0 0 0、0 .16 9、0 .0 14、0 .718、0 .0 99、0 .0 0 0。apo Eε2、ε3、ε4等位基因频率在傣汉两民族中依次为:0 .0 6 4、0 .889、0 .0 4 7;0 .0 92码、0 .85 2、0 .0 5 6 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论　apo E基因型频率和等位基因频率均存在着民族、种族差异。与国内其它少数民族比较,德宏傣族人群apo Eε2等位基因频率显著低于壮族(P<0 .0 1) ;ε3等位基因频率显著高于朝鲜族、回族、蒙古族、壮族(P<0 .0 5 ) ,极显著高于维吾尔族(P<0 .0 1) ;ε4等位基因显著低于鄂伦春族(P<0 .0 5 ) ,极显著低于维吾尔族、鄂温克族(P<0 .0 1)。与不同种族人群比较,德宏傣族人群apo E基因多态性分布与日本人接近(P>0 .0 5 ) ,而与新加坡、欧美国家人群有较大的差异性。     

Apolipoprotein E polymorphism in northwestern Greece: frequency and effect on lipid parameters

Apolipoprotein (apo) E gene polymorphism and its effect on serum lipid parameters were examined in a Greek population originating from northwestern Greece (n = 555). The allele frequencies were epsilon2: 6.3%, epsilon3: 80.7%, and epsilon4: 13.0%. The epsilon4 allele frequency was higher in our population than was previously reported in individuals from other parts of Greece. ApoE polymorphism was associated with significant differences in serum lipid, and lipoprotein levels. Particularly, individuals with the epsilon2 allele had higher serum triglyceride and apoE levels and lower levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apoB, compared to those with the alleles epsilon3 and epsilon4. However, the impact of the epsilon4 allele on lipid parameters seen in other populations was not observed in our population. Furthermore, the combination of apoE polymorphism and serum apoE concentration explained a larger percentage of serum lipid variability than the polymorphism alone. In conclusion, the results of our study suggest that ethnic differences, as well as alterations of serum apoE levels, significantly modify the relationship between apoE gene polymorphism and serum lipid variability.     

Association of CSF apolipoprotein E, Abeta42 and cognition in Alzheimer's disease.

A significant association between CSF Abeta42 and cognition in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) homozygous for the epsilon3 allele of the apolipoprotein E (apoE) has been described. In this study we extended our observations on apoE, as another plaque component, and investigated the association between CSF apoE concentrations and cognitive performance after stratification for the apoE genotype in 62 patients with AD, 19 other forms of dementia and 18 controls. CSF Abeta42 and apoE concentrations were significantly and positively associated with Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score in AD (Abeta42: r = 0.332; P = 0.026; apoE: r = 0.386; P = 0.006). For Abeta42 this association was exclusively present in epsilon3 homozygotes (r = 0.44; P = 0.014), whereas apoE was correlated with MMSE in epsilon4 hetero- or homozygotes subjects (epsilon4/epsilonX: r = 0.638; P = 0.004: epsilon4/epsilon4; r = 0.812; P = 0.05). No association was observed between CSF concentrations of Abeta42 and apoE. The significant relationship between MMSE and CSF Abeta42 in epsilon3 homozygotes and apoE in epsilon4 hetero- and homozygotes respectively may suggest that both proteins may be associated independently from each other with cognitive decline.     

epsilon3epsilon4 genotype as risk factor of myocardial infarction in middle-aged people in Spain

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) plays an important role in lipid metabolism. Its epsilon4 allele has been consistently associated with lipoprotein disorders but its connection to myocardial infarction (MI) is controversial. Because epsilon4 frequency decreases with age we thought that the contradictory results in different studies could be due to the wide age range of the subjects included. To test our hypothesis, ApoE genotyping was performed in 474 MI cases and an analysis was performed by percentiles of age. The frequencies of epsilon3epsilon4 genotype and epsilon4 allele in the MI group as a whole (subjects aged 31 to 92) were not significantly different from those in our area general population. However, significant differences were observed when comparing by group of age. The frequencies decreased as age increased. The epsilon3epsilon4 and epsilon4 frequencies were significantly higher in MI subjects aged 31 to 56 than in subjects over 74. The epsilon3epsilon4 genotype prevalence in an age and sex matched control group of subjects aged 31 to 56 was significantly lower than in the 31-56 year-old MI group. In conclusion, our data shows different epsilon3epsilon4 and epsilon4 frequencies depending on the age range of the subjects with MI, being significantly higher in the middle-aged group. This finding may help explain the discrepancies between studies analyzing association between apoE genotype and MI, and emphasizes the idea of considering apoE genotype for prevention at early age.     

载脂蛋白E-CI-CII基因多态性与冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病易感性的关系

目的　探讨载脂蛋白E- CI- CII基因簇多态性与冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)的关系。方法　采用多重扩增突变系统(multiplex amplification refractory mutation system ,multi- ARMS)和聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性法检测了2 0 3例患者和36 5名对照的apo E、CI、CII基因多态性;L INKAGE程序计算连锁不平衡系数D和D′。结果　病例组apo E基因E3/4基因型频率为0 .2 5 9、ε4等位基因型频率为0 .139,均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0 .0 5 ) ;apo C 基因H2等位基因型频率在病例组为0 .2 0 5 ,高于对照组的0 .113,差异有统计学意义(P<0 .0 5 ) ;apo CII基因多态性分布在两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0 .0 5 ) ;apo E、CI基因存在显著的连锁不平衡(D′=0 .6 72 ,P<0 .0 1) ,病例组ε4 - H2 - T1单倍型频率为5 .4 %高于对照组的0 .5 % ,差异有统计学意义(P<0 .0 5 )。调整混杂因素后,ε4、H2等位基因同时携带者吸烟呈显著的相乘交互作用,危险度(odds ratio,OR)及其95 %可信限(95 % confidenceinterval,95 % CI)为18. 3(2 .35～15 0 .81,P<0 .0 5 ) ,交互作用归因比(attributable proportions ofinteraction,API)为5 7.3% ;ε4、H2和多量饮酒三者间呈超相加作用,OR(95 % CI)为12 .7(2 .75 7～5 8.5 5     

Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and its relation to plasma lipids in coronary heart disease

Background : The present investigation is aimed at examining the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypic influence on coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in northwest India (Punjab), where this disease is emerging as a major threat to public-health care system. Materials and Methods: The present study comprised of angiographically diagnosed coronary heart disease patients (n = 193) and controls (n = 150) of Punjab. Genetic polymorphism of APOE gene was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and its association with lipid levels was evaluated. Results : The allele frequencies of epsilon2, epsilon3, and epsilon4 were 0.054, 0.795, 0.151; and 0.077, 0.856, 0.067 in patients and controls respectively. The bearers of E3/E4 genotype had threefold higher propensity of developing CHD in this population (OR, 3.04; CI, 1.55-6.25; P P P Conclusions : A significant association (P = 0.016) of epsilon4 allele, especially E3/E4 genotype, with CHD was observed, along with HDL-C and LDL-C concentrations, in the population of northwest India.     

高通量apoE基因分型技术的建立及应用

目的建立一种准确、快速、高通量的apoE基因分型技术。方法从外周血样品提取基因组DNA，PCR扩增覆盖第112和158密码子的apoE基因片段；构建apoE基因片段重组质粒，并进行定点诱变，以得到3种等位基因型的对照样品；PCR产物消化处理，以除去残余的引物和dNTPs；进行模板指导的荧光染料标记终止碱基的掺入反应，应用荧光偏振检测仪分析荧光偏振值的变化；检测79例阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease，AD)患者和63名健康老年人的apoE基因型，分析基因型与AD易感性之间的关系。结果对分析结果进行测序验证，表明模板指导的荧光染料标记终止碱基掺入-荧光偏振检测技术分析结果与测序结果完全相符。AD组和健康对照组样品的基因分型结果提示apoEε4等位基因是迟发型AD的危险因素。结论应用此技术进行apoE基因多态性的基因分型分析，具有准确、简易和高通量等优势，可以作为AD风险分析的一种新技术．也适于apoE基因与其他疾病相关性研究时的大规模基因筛查分析。