Resection margins and local recurrences in breast cancer: Comparison between conventional and oncoplastic breast conserving surgery

BackgroundThis retrospective cohort study aims to compare surgical margins, reoperations and local recurrences after conventional or oncoplastic breast conservation surgery (BCS). Furthermore, we aim to investigate differences between various oncoplastic techniques.Material and methodsWe reviewed 1800 consecutive patients with primary invasive breast cancer (N = 1707) or ductal carcinoma in situ (N = 93) who underwent BCS at Helsinki University Hospital between 2010 and 2012.ResultsConventional BCS was performed in 1189 (66.1%) patients, oncoplastic BCS in 611 (33.9%). Various oncoplastic techniques were used. Patients with oncoplastic BCS had more often multifocal (p < 0.001), larger (p < 0.001), palpable tumours (p < 0.001) with larger resection specimens (p < 0.001). The amount of resected tissue varied substantially depending on the oncoplastic technique. Patients treated with oncoplastic BCS were younger (p < 0.001) and their tumours were more aggressive according to histological grade (p < 0.001), T-stage (p < 0.001), Ki-67 (p < 0.001) and lymph node status (p < 0.001).There was no difference, however, in surgical margins (p = 0.578) or reoperation rates (p = 0.430) between the groups. A total of 152 (8.4%) patients were reoperated because of insufficient margins, 96 (8.1%) in the conventional, 56 (9.2%) in the oncoplastic BCS group.The median follow-up time was 75 (2–94) months. There was no difference in local recurrence-free survival between the conventional and oncoplastic BCS groups (log-rank test, p = 0.172).ConclusionsOncoplastic BCS was used for larger, multifocal and more aggressive tumours. Nevertheless, no difference in reoperation rate or local recurrences were found. Oncoplastic BCS is as safe as conventional BCS enabling breast conserving for patients who otherwise were candidates for mastectomy.     

Ipsilateral breast recurrence after breast conserving surgery in patients with small (≤2 cm) breast cancer treated with modern adjuvant therapies

Background

Modern multimodality treatment greatly influences the rate and the predictive factors for ipsilateral cancer recurrence (IBR) after breast conserving surgery.

Material and nethods

The study is based on 1297 patients with pT1 breast cancer and treated with breast conserving surgery in February 2001-August 2005. The median duration of follow-up was 57 months.

Results

IBR occurred in 27 (2.1%) patients. It was located in the quadrant of prior breast resection in 17 (63%) cases. The median time to an IBR was 41 months (range, 6-78) regardless of whether the recurrence was located in the same or in another quadrant. Omission of radiotherapy was associated with a higher IBR incidence, HR 10,344 (95% CI 1904-56,184; p = 0.007). The IBRs occurred particularly often, in 27% of the 11 patients who refused radiotherapy. Patients diagnosed with ER+ cancer had a lower risk of IBR when compared with those with ER−/HER2+ cancer, HR 0.215 (95% CI 0.049-0.935; p = 0.040).

Conclusions

The risk of IBR was low during the first 5 years after breast resection among patients with pT1 breast cancer and treated with modern surgical and adjuvant therapies. The majority IBRs still occur at or close to the prior resection site underlining the importance of local therapies. Omission of radiotherapy was the most significant risk factor for IBR.     

Effect of local therapy on locoregional recurrence in postmenopausal women with breast cancer in the Tamoxifen Exemestane Adjuvant Multinational (TEAM) trial

Background and purpose

The TEAM trial investigated the efficacy and safety of adjuvant endocrine therapy consisting of either exemestane or the sequence of tamoxifen followed by exemestane in postmenopausal hormone-sensitive breast cancer. The present analyses explored the association between locoregional therapy and recurrence (LRR) in this population.

Material and methods

Between 2001 and 2006, 9779 patients were randomized. Local treatment was breast conserving surgery plus radiotherapy (BCS + RT), mastectomy without radiotherapy (MST-only), or mastectomy plus radiotherapy (MST + RT). Patients with unknown data on surgery, radiotherapy, tumor or nodal stage (n = 199), and patients treated by lumpectomy without radiotherapy (n = 349) were excluded.

Results

After a median follow-up of 5.2 years, 270 LRRs occurred (2.9%) among 9231 patients. The 5-years actuarial incidence of LRR was 4.2% (95% CI 3.3–4.9%) for MST-only, 3.4% (95% CI 2.4–4.2%) for MST + RT and 1.9% (95% CI 1.5–2.3%) for BCS + RT. After adjustment for prognostic factors, the hazard ratio (HR, reference BCS + RT) for LRR remained significantly higher for MST-only (HR 1.53; 95% CI 1.10–2.11), not for MST + RT (HR 0.78; 95% CI 0.50–1.22).

Conclusion

This explorative analysis showed a higher LRR risk after MST-only than after BCS + RT, even after adjustment for prognostic factors. As this effect was not seen for MST + RT versus BCS + RT, it might be explained by the beneficial effects of radiation treatment.     

中段直肠癌术前磁共振成像对术后复发及转移的预测价值研究

背景与目的：中段直肠癌根治性切除术后局部复发率和异时远处转移率较高,如果能够在术前筛选出术后局部复发及远处转移的高危人群,就有可能对高危人群进行针对性的系统治疗,改善患者预后。该研究旨在探讨中段直肠癌术前磁共振成像（magnetic resonance imaging,MRI）对术后局部复发及异时远处转移的预测价值。方法：回顾性分析哈尔滨医科大学附属肿瘤医院2013年3月—2014年12月经手术病理证实为直肠癌,并且术前MRI判断为中段直肠癌的患者278例,收集其MRI资料及随访资料,分析直肠癌术前MRI与术后局部复发及异时远处转移的相关性、直肠癌术后局部复发和异时远处转移的风险因素以及通过术前MRI预测直肠癌预后的价值。结果：278例患者中19例（6.83%）发生术后局部复发,42例（15.11%）发生异时远处转移。单因素分析结果表明,MRI评价T（mrT）分期（P＜0.001）、腹膜返折受侵（P＜0.001）与直肠癌术后局部复发具有相关性;mrT分期（P=0.013）、MRI评价N（mrN）分期（P＜0.001）、壁外血管侵犯（extramural vascular invasion,EMVI）（P＜0.001）、腹膜返折受侵（P＜0.001）与直肠癌异时远处转移具有相关性。逐步回归模型结果显示,腹膜返折受侵（P＜0.001）是直肠癌术后局部复发的重要风险因素;mrN1期（P=0.017）、mrN2期（P＜0.001）是直肠癌异时远处转移的重要风险因素。结论：直肠癌术前MRI能较好地预测术后局部复发和异时远处转移,有助于临床筛选高危患者,从而采取个性化治疗,以改善患者预后。     

乳腺磁共振在乳腺癌诊断治疗中的运用

乳腺MRI具有很好的软组织分辨率和无射线辐射等优点,对乳腺癌的早期诊断和局部分期明显优于乳腺X线摄影和超声检查。随着乳腺癌个体化、规范化综合治疗理念的推广,乳腺MRI在综合治疗中的作用日益受到重视,伴随对乳腺MRI临床应用的开展和研究的深入,其在乳腺癌分期中的评估、保乳手术病例术前的筛选、腋窝淋巴结转移原发不明者的诊断、新辅助化疗(neoadjuvant chemotherapy, NAC)的疗效评估、随访监测中的应用价值也得到了很好的评估。同时,乳腺MRI对肿瘤范围的客观准确的评估也是正确选择治疗方式的依据。     

Magnetic resonance imaging in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer: A review of the literature

The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer remains controversial. Here we review the current use of breast MRI and the impact of MRI on short‐term surgical outcomes and rates of local recurrence. In addition, we address the use of MRI in specific patient populations, such as those with ductal carcinoma in situ, invasive lobular carcinoma, and occult primary breast cancer, and discuss the potential role of MRI for assessing response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Although MRI has improved sensitivity compared with conventional imaging, this has not translated into improved short‐term surgical outcomes or long‐term patient benefit, such as improved local control or survival, in any patient population. MRI is an important diagnostic test in the evaluation of patients presenting with occult primary breast cancer and has shown promise in monitoring response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy; however, the data do not support the routine use of perioperative MRI in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer. Cancer 2014;120:120:2080–2089. © 2014 American Cancer Society.     

Prognosis following local recurrence after breast conserving treatment in young women with early breast cancer

Background

Few studies have focussed on the prognosis of young women with local recurrence (LR) after breast-conserving therapy and the factors that can be used to predict their prognosis.

Methods

We studied the outcome and related prognostic factors in 124 patients with an isolated local recurrence in the breast following breast-conserving surgery and radiotherapy for early stage breast cancer diagnosed at the age of 40 years or younger.

Results

The median follow-up of the patients after diagnosis of LR was 7.0 years. At 10 years from the date of salvage treatment, the overall survival rate was 73% (95% CI, 63–83), the distant recurrence-free survival rate was 61% (95% CI, 53–73), and the local control rate (i.e. survival without subsequent LR or local progression) was 95% (95% CI, 91–99). In the multivariate analysis, the risk of distant metastases also tended to be higher for patients with LR occurring within 5 years after BCT, as compared to patients with LR more than 5 years after BCT (Hazard ratio [HR], 1.89; p = 0.09). A worse distant recurrence-free survival was also observed for patients with a LR measuring more than 2 cm in diameter, compared to those with a LR of 2 cm or smaller (HR, 2.88; p = 0.007), and for patients with a LR causing symptoms or suspicious findings at clinical breast examination, compared to those with a LR detected by breast imaging only (HR 3.70; p = 0.03).

Conclusions

These results suggest that early detection of LR after BCT in young women can improve treatment outcome.     

The role of magnetic resonance imaging in early breast cancer

Despite recent evidence that fails to detect a benefit in surgical and local recurrence outcomes in those who receive optimal surgery and adjuvant systemic and radiotherapy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is still being employed. We review the recent literature to clarify the role in the use of MRI in early breast cancer. A literature search using the Medline and Ovid databases was conducted between 2004 and 2011 using the terms "magnetic resonance imaging' and 'early breast cancer'. Only articles with clinical trials published in English in adult humans with available abstracts were included. Articles on high-risk women, response to neoadjuvant therapy, advanced breast cancer, the occult primary, the contralateral breast and technical articles were excluded. Articles examining the role of MRI in the staging of early breast cancer were retained. Over 260 articles regarding breast MRI have been published in the last 5 years. Additional foci may be found in 16% of patients but the impact on the extent of surgery and local recurrence rate is yet to be defined. Certain sub-groups who may benefit include those with invasive lobular carcinoma and mammographically dense breasts and those for consideration of partial breast irradiation. With standard adjuvant radiotherapy, there is no benefit in routine MRI with respect surgical extent and local recurrence. Should MRI be used, pre-operative biopsy to confirm additional disease must be undertaken prior to a change in surgical extent of resection. However, MRI may be useful in the evaluation of those who can be considered for partial breast irradiation. Centres undertaking breast MRI must have MRI-biopsy capabilities and constantly audit the reporting of MRI with correlation to the final pathology.     

Contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging underestimates residual disease following neoadjuvant docetaxel based chemotherapy for breast cancer

AIMS: We prospectively compared the ability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure residual breast cancer in patients treated with different neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen. METHODS: Forty patients with locally advanced breast carcinoma underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Twelve patients received 5-fluoro-uracyl-epirubicin-cyclophosphamide (FEC-group, six cycles), 28 (DXL-group) received docetaxel-based chemotherapy (six cycles DXL-epirubicin: 13 patients, eight cycles DXL alone: 15 patients). All patients had baseline and preoperative MRI. The spread of pathologic residual disease (PRd) was compared to preoperative MRI measures according to chemotherapy regimen. RESULTS: MRI over/underestimation of the spread of residual tumour was never superior to 15mm in FEC group, whereas it appeared in 11/28 (39%, 30-48%-95% CI) patients in DXL group (p=0.017). Tumour shrinkage led to single nodular residual lesions in FEC group, whereas vast numerous microscopic nests were observed in docetaxel group in pathology. CONCLUSION: Among tumours treated with a taxane-containing regimen, residual disease was frequently underestimated by MRI because of PRd features.     

Diagnosis of breast cancer: MDCT versus MRI

In Japan, helical CT has been applied to breast cancers for the accurate determination of cancer extent before surgery. In recent years, multidetector CT (MDCT) has become commercially available. Compared with mammography and ultrasonography, MDCT of the breast is thought to be useful for preoperative assessment of breast-conserving surgery. In contrast, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is extremely accurate in the diagnosis of intraductal carcinoma and multicentricity of breast cancer. A real problem related to the use of CT is X-ray exposure. Therefore, it is controversial whether the use of CT for the patients with breast cancer is appropriate or not. Recent studies that compared the use of MDCT and MRI in the same patients concluded that MRI was more accurate for the detection and evaluation of the extent of intraductal carcinoma. We should consider the pitfalls and limitations of CT for assessing the breast cancer extent.     

乳腺弥散加权成像在乳腺疾病中的作用

背景与目的：乳腺弥散加权成像(diffusion-weighted imaging,DWI)是一种无创伤性的磁共振检查方法,能否替代乳腺磁共振动态增强扫描(dynamic contrast-enhanced,DCE)做为乳腺癌筛查的方法,本研究就此来探讨乳腺弥散加权成像在乳腺良恶性疾病中的作用。方法：74例患者均进行数字乳腺X线、DCE及DWI检查。49例取b值为0、400、600和800 s/mm²。比较DWI和DCE的检出率、灵敏度和特异度;标准化表观弥散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)值和ADC绝对值在乳腺癌检出率中的定量分析比较。结果：经手术证实,64/74例病理结果为阳性(38例为恶性病变,26例为良性病变)。经DWI和DCE检查,恶性病变的检出率为100%。b值分别取400、600和800 s/mm²时,DWI在乳腺良恶性病变鉴别中的诊断灵敏度分别为83.33%、90.00%和93.33%,特异度为85.91%、76.19%和72.72%;DCE的灵敏度和特异度分别为86.61%和90.48%;标准化ADC值和ADC绝对值在乳腺癌的检出率中差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论：DWI在乳腺疾病的鉴别诊断中,具有一定的优越性,是继常规乳腺磁共振增强检查的重要补充方法。     

Magnetic resonance imaging in breast cancer recurrence

Purpose. To determine the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting breast cancer recurrence. Materials and methods. Forty women conservatively treated for breast cancer underwent MRI and confirmation on histology and cytology of suspected local recurrence. In these patients both clinical and mammographic/ultrasound features of local recurrence were nonspecific or suspicious. All patients were examined at least 1 year after completion of radiation treatment. Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging was performed with a 1.5 T unit using a dedicated bilateral breast coil. Qualitative and quantitative data were obtained. Statistical analysis was also performed with the Student T-test. Results. Breast cancer recurrence was confirmed on histology in 22 patients. MRI identified all the 22 breast recurrent cancers. False-positive contrast enhancement was seen in only two patients. In four patients recurrence was classified as multifocal. In one patient the tumor was detected in the contralateral breast. MRI showed 95% accuracy, 100% sensitivity, 88.8% specificity with 5% false-positives and 100% negative predictive value. Conclusion. Dynamic MRI appears a valuable technique for differentiation of post-treatment changes from recurrent carcinoma and for guiding the histological confirmation. Its high negative predictive value may have an impact on follow-up of treated breast.     

Prediction of pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer by combining magnetic resonance imaging and core needle biopsy

BackgroundPathological complete response (pCR) is often achieved by neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), particularly in hormone receptor-negative breast cancer. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) is the most reliable imaging modality to evaluate the pathological effect of NAC. Ultrasonography is indispensable to collect representative specimens from the target lesion by core needle biopsy (CNB). This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of predicting pCR by adding CNB after NAC, in cases with complete clinical response (cCR) diagnosed by cMRI.MethodsIn this prospective multicentre study, we evaluated patients diagnosed with cCR by cMRI after NAC. Ultrasound-guided CNB (uCNB) using a 14G needle was performed without clip markers under general anaesthesia as planned surgery. Specimens collected by uCNB were compared to those resected surgically and were categorized as (i) no carcinoma (ypT0), (ii) no invasive carcinoma and only residual carcinoma in situ (ypTis) and (iii) residual invasive carcinoma. The concordance of pathological results between the uCNB and surgical specimens was evaluated.ResultsOf the 83 patients evaluated, 41 (49.4%) and 17 (20.5%) of them had ypT0 and ypTis, respectively. The false negative rates (FNR), sensitivity and specificity for predicting ypT0 by uCNB were 50.0%, 50.0%, 100%, respectively, and those for predicting ypT0+ypTis were 28.0%, 72.0% and 98.3%, respectively. The concordance rates were 74.7% (62/83) for ypT0 and 90.4% (75/83) for ypT0+ypTis.ConclusionIn cCR cases diagnosed by cMRI, uCNB was not accurate enough to predict pCR. Additional modalities like clip placements and/or thicker core needles may be required for better prediction.     

乳腺X线摄影联合超声与MRI对乳腺癌诊断价值的对比研究

目的探讨乳腺X线摄影联合超声与MRI对乳腺癌的诊断价值。 方法回顾性分析2015年4月至2016年12月在河北医科大学第四医院就诊的255例(260个病灶)乳腺疾病患者的X线摄影、超声及MRI诊断资料。以病理诊断为金标准,X线摄影、超声与MRI诊断结果依据BI-RADS分类,4～5类为阳性结果,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价两者的诊断效能。采用Kappa检验评价两者诊断乳腺癌与病理诊断的一致性。 结果乳腺X线摄影联合超声诊断乳腺癌的敏感度为98.6%(204/207),特异度为77.4%(41/53),准确率为94.2%(245/260),与病理诊断的一致性非常好(Kappa＝0.810,P<0.001); MRI诊断乳腺癌的敏感度为98.1% (203/207),特异度为66.0%(35/53),准确率为91.5%(238/260),与病理诊断的一致性好(Kappa＝0.711,P<0.001)。乳腺X线摄影联合超声和MRI诊断乳腺癌的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.902(95%CI：0.843～0.961,P<0.001)和0.893(95% CI：0.842～0.945,P<0.001),两者间差异无统计学意义(Z＝0.050,P >0.050)。 结论乳腺X线摄影联合超声与MRI相比,两者诊断价值相当,对乳腺癌的诊断准确率均较高。乳腺X线摄影联合超声由于简便和经济,可作为乳腺癌的首选检查方法,而MRI在乳腺癌术前评估中的作用不可替代。     

Localization of the surgical bed using supine magnetic resonance and computed tomography scan fusion for planification of breast interstitial brachytherapy

Purpose

To evaluate the feasibility of supine breast magnetic resonance imaging (MR) for definition and localization of the surgical bed (SB) after breast conservative surgery. To assess the inter-observer variability of surgical bed delineation on computed tomography (CT) and supine MR.

Materials and methods

Patients candidate for breast brachytherapy and no contra-indications for MR were eligible for this study. Patients were placed in supine position, with the ipsilateral arm above the head in an immobilization device. All patients underwent CT and MR in the same implant/treatment position. Four points were predefined for CT-MRI image fusion. The surgical cavity was drawn on CT then MRI, by three independent observers. Fusion and analysis of CT and MR images were performed using the ECLIPSE treatment planning software.

Results

From September 2005 to November 2008, 70 patients were included in this prospective study. For each patient, we were able to acquire axial T1 and T2 images of good quality. Using the predefined fusion points, the median error following the fusion was 2.7 mm. For each observer, volumes obtained on MR were, respectively, 30%, 38% and 40% smaller than those derived from CT images. A highly significant inter-observer variability in the delineation of the SB on CT was demonstrated (p < 0.0001). On the contrary, all three observers agreed on the volume of the SB drawn on MR.

Conclusion

Supine breast MRI yields a more precise definition of the SB with a smaller inter-observer variability than CT and may obviate the need for surgical clips. The volume of the SB is smaller with MRI. In our opinion, CT-MRI fusion should be used for SB delineation, in view of partial breast irradiation.     

Comparison of surgical and oncological outcomes between oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery versus conventional breast-conserving surgery for treatment of breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 31 studies

AimsTo evaluate comparative outcomes of oncoplastic breast conserving surgery (OBCS) versus conventional breast conserving surgery (BCS) for breast cancer treatment.MethodsA systematic search of multiple electronic data sources was conducted, and all eligible studies comparing OBCS and BCS were included. Characteristics of the tumour includes preoperative size of tumour on imaging and the weight of the specimen after resection. While positive margins rate, re-excision rate, completion mastectomy rate and loco-regional recurrence were considered as oncological outcome parameters. Post-operative complications include surgical site infection (SSI), seroma, haematoma and skin/nipple necrosis.ResultsThirty-one studies reporting a total number of 115011 patients who underwent OBCS (n = 11978) or BCS (n = 103033) were included. OBCS group showed lower risk of positive margins rate [OR 0.76, P = 0.05], re-excision rate [OR 0.72, P = 0.02], and loco-regional recurrence [OR 0.62, P = 0.03] compared to BCS group. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding post-operative complications.ConclusionAlthough there is a lack of level 1 evidence, the available studies clearly demonstrate superior or at least equivalent outcomes when comparing OBCS with conventional BCS. The benefits of OBCS include dealing with larger tumours, wider surgical margins and better aesthetic results for patients.     

Preoperative breast magnetic resonance imaging in early breast cancer

BACKGROUND:

Accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) of patients with early breast cancer is being investigated on a multi‐institutional protocol National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) B‐39/RTOG 0413. Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is more sensitive than mammography (MG) and may aid in selection of patients appropriate for PBI.

METHODS:

Patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) routinely undergo contrast‐enhanced, bilateral breast MRI at the Cleveland Clinic. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all early‐stage breast cancer patients who had a breast MRI, MG, and surgical pathology data at our institution between June of 2005 and December of 2006. Any suspicious lesions identified on MRI were further evaluated by targeted ultrasound ± biopsy.

RESULTS:

A total of 260 patients met eligibility criteria for NSABP B‐39/RTOG 0413 by MG, physical exam, and surgical pathology. The median age was 57 years. DCIS was present in 63 patients, and invasive breast cancer was found in 197 patients. MRI identified suspicious lesions in 35 ipsilateral breasts (13%) and in 16 contralateral breasts (6%). Mammographically occult, synchronous ipsilateral foci were found by MRI in 11 patients (4.2%), and in the contralateral breast in 4 patients (1.5%). By univariate analysis, lobular histology (infiltrating lobular carcinoma [ILC]), pathologic T2, and American Joint Committee on Cancer stage II were significantly associated with additional ipsilateral disease. Of patients with ILC histology, 18% had ipsilateral secondary cancers or DCIS, compared with 3% in the remainder of histologic subtypes (P = .004). No patient older than 70 years had synchronous cancers or DCIS detected by MRI.

CONCLUSIONS:

Breast MRI identified synchronous mammographically occult foci in 5.8% of early breast cancer patients who would otherwise be candidates for APBI. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.     

增强磁共振成像对乳腺微钙化灶的管理价值

目的评估乳腺增强MRI对乳腺X线检查为BI-RADS 4类微钙化灶的管理价值。 方法回顾性分析2017年2月至2019年6月在四川省妇幼保健院行乳腺X线检查引导下金属导丝定位活组织检查的87例BI-RADS 4类乳腺微钙化灶患者资料,评价此部分患者在术前接受增强MRI检查的临床意义。增强MRI与病理诊断对乳腺癌检出率的差异比较采用McNemar检验,增强MRI与乳腺X线检查对乳腺癌检出敏感度的差异比较采用Fisher确切概率法,增强MRI与乳腺X线检查对乳腺癌检出特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值的差异比较采用χ²检验。 结果87例患者中病理组织学检查结果为良性者71例,DCIS 6例,浸润性导管癌(IDC)10例。BI-RADS为4A、4B和4C的患者,病理组织学检查为恶性的比例分别为2.4%(1/42),24.3%(9/37)和6/8。乳腺增强MRI对乳腺X线检查为BI-RADS 4类的微钙化灶判断的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和诊断正确率分别为14/16、74.7%(53/71)、43.8%(14/32)、96.4%(53/55)和77.0%(67/87)。增强MRI的诊断特异度高于乳腺X线检查[74.7%(53/71)比57.8%(41/71),χ²＝4.532,P＝0.033],74.7%(53/71)的良性病灶可通过增强MRI检查避免活组织检查,但有2/16的恶性病灶被增强MRI误判为阴性。 结论乳腺增强MRI有助于降低乳腺X线检查为BI-RADS 4类微钙化灶的活组织检查比例,可有效避免乳腺恶性肿瘤的漏诊,有利于临床医师根据患者具体情况对BI-RADS 4类微钙化灶进行合理的诊疗。     

Locoregional and distant recurrences after breast conserving therapy in patients with triple-negative breast cancer: A meta-analysis

BackgroundWith higher incidence of recurrence, ongoing dispute exists on whether triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a good candidate for breast conserving therapy (BCT).ObjectiveWe aimed to appraise the safety of BCT in treating TNBC, in comparison with modified radical mastectomy. The prognostic effect of TN phenotype in conservatively managed patients was also assessed.MethodsA systematic search for studies regarding recurrences in patients with TNBC or treated by BCT was conducted up to March 2013. Summary relative risks (RRs) for ipsilateral locoregional recurrence (ILRR) and distant metastasis (DM) were calculated in a fixed-effects model.ResultsTwenty-two studies concerning 15,312 breast cancer patients were analyzed. In the cohort of TNBC, the patients receiving BCT were less likely to develop ILRR and DM in comparison with mastectomy (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.65–0.87; RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.60–0.76). In the cohort of BCT, the TN subtype increased the risks of both ILRR and DM than non-TN subtypes (RR 1.88, 95% CI 1.58–2.22; RR 2.12, 95% CI 1.72–2.62). Further subgroup analyses of BCT cohort revealed that the luminal phenotype had the most favorable prognosis. Notably, TN subtype was less likely to develop ILRR than HER-2 subtype (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.53–0.91), there was no difference in DM rate between them.ConclusionsBCT benefits patients with TNBC than mastectomy does. However, TN subtype predicts a poorer prognosis than non-TN subtype, suggesting more aggressive adjuvant therapy for TNBC be established in future trials.