人精子蛋白17单克隆抗体的制备及特性鉴定

目的:制备抗精子蛋白17(Sp17)的单克隆抗体(mAb)并鉴定其特性。方法:克隆人Sp17cDNA,表达带有6His标记的重组Sp17,用纯化的重组Sp17免疫BALB/c小鼠制备mAb。用ELISA筛选抗体阳性的细胞克隆。用免疫组化染色法及阻断试验鉴定mAb的特异性。结果:获得2株杂交瘤细胞系3C12和3D6,其分泌的mAb的Ig亚类(型)分别为IgG1和IgM(κ),杂交瘤细胞培养上清的ELISA效价分别为1∶64和1∶32;腹水mAb的效价分别为1∶1×105和1∶5×104。用人和大鼠睾丸组织以及人精液精子免疫组化染色及阻断试验证明,抗Sp17mAb具有良好的特异性。抗Sp17mAb也可识别卵巢癌组织中异常表达的Sp17。结论:成功地制备特异性的抗Sp17mAb,为研究该蛋白的功能、天然分布及异常表达奠定了基础。     

抗癌胚抗原单抗免疫磁性纳米微粒的制备及其与188 Re的放射性标记

目的:将抗CEA单抗与磁性纳米微粒偶联制备免疫磁性纳米微粒用于肿瘤的靶向治疗,并对其进行188Re标记。方法:采用氨基硅烷化修饰的磁性纳米微粒,选择不同的酸度经戊二醛活化后,在不同的酸度下与抗CEA单抗交联制备免疫磁性纳米微粒,并对188Re标记免疫磁性纳米微粒的实验条件进行探索。结果:以抗坏血酸作为抗体的还原剂,以SnC l2-柠檬酸还原188ReO4-溶液进行抗体的直接标记,结果表明,反应3h的标记率为90%,188Re-免疫磁性纳米微粒的免疫活性是188Re-抗CEA单抗的95%,188Re标记物的体外稳定性24h为91%、48h为85%。结论:188Re-免疫磁性纳米微粒的标记率及标记稳定性可满足于进一步的肿瘤靶向治疗的体内研究。     

免疫磁性海藻酸钠载药纳米微球的制备与评价

靶向治疗系统是目前研究的热点,用微乳化-离子交联方法制备包覆阿霉素的碳包铁/海藻酸钠复合纳米微球,以水溶性碳二亚胺为交联剂,将载药微球与单抗Hab18连接,制备出了免疫磁性药物纳米微球.对该免疫磁性微球的理化性能进行了表征,同时检测了免疫磁性微球中抗体的活性和免疫磁性微球与靶细胞的体外结合情况,结果表明,免疫磁性药物纳米微球平均粒径约为171.2nm,外观为球型,铁含量为14.6%,载药量为10.8%,且具有强磁响应性和长时间药物缓释效果.同时在体外该微球能够与靶细胞特异性结合.这种免疫磁性药物纳米微球有望成为一种优良的靶向肿瘤药物载体.     

一株中和人IL-17免疫活性的单克隆抗体的制备

目的制备抗人IL-17单克隆抗体,并鉴定其中和活性。方法用hIL-17作为免疫和检测抗原,用间接ELISA法筛选分泌抗人IL-17抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,并对抗体进行中和活性鉴定。结果获得1株稳定分泌抗人IL-17单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,所分泌的单抗类型重链为IgG2b,轻链为κ;该株杂交瘤细胞腹水效价为1∶8.192×105;传30代及液氮中保存6个月,抗体效价稳定;Western Blot检测证明该单抗与人IL-17蛋白特异地结合;单抗亲和常数为8.192×10-9 mol/L;ELISA及Real-time-PCR检测证明该单抗能够有效地阻断人IL-17刺激Hela细胞产生IL-6的作用。结论所制备的抗人IL-17单克隆抗体具有高度的特异性、稳定性及中和活性,为针对IL-17为靶点的抗体药物的开发奠定了基础。     

PLGA纳米颗粒偶联的双特异性抗体制备及功能研究

目的制备一种能提高T细胞对癌细胞杀伤能力的双特异性抗体。方法利用生物可降解材料PLGA(聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物)制备成纳米颗粒,然后利用化学方法在纳米颗粒表面偶联能靶向结合T细胞的CD3抗体和癌细胞标志物MUC1的抗体,利用T细胞对癌细胞的杀伤实验来检测其功能。结果成功制备出直径200 nm的PLGA纳米颗粒并偶联上CD3和MUC1抗体,功能检测得出制备的双特异性抗体能显著提高T细胞对癌细胞的杀伤率。结论制备出一种能显著提高T细胞对癌细胞杀伤率的双特异性抗体。     

纳米免疫磁性微球的制备和性能研究

目的：初步探讨纳米免疫磁性微球（Immunomagnetic beads，IMB）的制备方法及其性能。方法：用Fe／C纳米磁粉为内核，用反相乳液法制备壳聚糖磁性复合微球，用戊二醛活化复合微球并交联鼠抗人CD3单克隆抗体，制备出人CD3纳米免疫磁性微球，用人CD3纳米磁性免疫微球富集人外周血中CD3^＋细胞，并检测富集细胞的效果。结果：壳聚糖磁性复合微球平均粒径为560nm，粒径分布在409-710nm之间，用此微球制备的人CD3免疫磁性微球蛋白联接率达93．8％，流式细胞术检测人CD3纳米免疫磁性微球分离CD3^＋细胞纯度达到94．8％。结论：制备的人CD3纳米免疫磁性微球具有分离细胞纯度高，细胞损伤小，不用解离磁球即可检测等特点。     

抗苗勒管激素免疫磁珠的制备及其初步应用

目的制备人的抗苗勒管激素(AMH)免疫磁珠及酶标抗体,初步建立一种基于纳米磁珠的双抗体夹心ELISA快速检测方法。方法构建人AMH重组蛋白表达载体,表达和纯化AMH重组蛋白,将获得的重组蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,制备多克隆抗体。通过聚乙二醇将脾细胞与骨髓瘤Sp2/0细胞融合,采用ELISA筛选阳性杂交瘤细胞株,体内腹水诱生法制备抗体,结合Western blot法评价单克隆抗体。利用蛋白A(Protein A)对抗体进行亲和层析纯化,将多克隆抗体作为捕获抗体偶联至纳米级羧基聚合物磁珠,以高碘酸钠法对单克隆抗体进行辣根过氧化物酶标记作为抗体探针,建立并优化基于纳米磁珠的双抗体夹心ELISA。结果获得一株具有良好特异性的抗AMH单克隆抗体,其亚型为IgG2b,纯化的多克隆抗体和单克隆抗体的效价均可达1∶51 200。与磁珠偶联后的捕获抗体以及酶标记后的探针抗体仍然具有较好的活性。建立的方法可在1 h左右检测出AMH抗原,检测下限在50 ng/mL左右。结论制备的AMH免疫磁珠能够用于重组AMH的检测,具有快速、可视化的优点。     

携双抗体纳米微泡对卵巢癌细胞增殖活性的影响

背景：免疫治疗可通过多种途径增强抗肿瘤免疫反应，联合免疫治疗是一个更好的选择。超声靶向微泡破坏技术可将药物、基因、抗体和细胞因子直接输送到免疫细胞的细胞质中，进一步增强免疫应答。然而，通过超声靶向微泡破坏技术将携趋化因子受体4抗体和细胞程序性死亡配体1抗体双靶向纳米微泡应用于卵巢癌的治疗尚未见报道。目的：探讨超声辐照携趋化因子受体4抗体和程序性死亡配体1抗体双靶向纳米微泡对卵巢癌细胞增殖、迁移的影响。方法：对IOSE-80正常卵巢上皮细胞及SKOV3、CAOV3卵巢癌细胞进行培养及扩增，采用双标记荧光免疫法对3种细胞中的趋化因子受体4和细胞程序性死亡配体1蛋白进行共定位，蛋白质印迹法检测3种细胞中趋化因子受体4和程序性死亡配体1蛋白相对表达量，并筛选出实验细胞。制备携不同配体的靶向纳米微泡后，即单纯的纳米微泡、携趋化因子受体4抗体的纳米微泡、携趋化因子受体4和程序性死亡配体1抗体的纳米微泡。取对数生长期的SKOV3卵巢癌细胞，分6组处理：A组加入McCoy’s 5A培养基，B组加入含基质细胞衍生因子1的McCoy’s5A培养基，C组加入单纯的纳米微泡溶液与含基质细胞衍生因子1的McCo...     

静磁场靶向药物递送系统在肿瘤诊疗中的研究进展

化疗是治疗肿瘤的传统手段之一,但其具有组织非特异性,在抑制肿瘤细胞生长的同时也会对正常细胞产生毒副作用.磁靶向药物递送系统可通过具有生物相容性的、稳定的磁性纳米颗粒载体将抗癌药物在外磁场的引导下,靶向运输和浓聚在肿瘤组织.该技术不仅提高了药物运输的效率和药物的抗癌活性,还能降低药物用量和减轻毒副作用.载药磁性纳米颗粒和所应用的外磁场的性质是影响磁性纳米颗粒靶向肿瘤组织的重要影响因素.载药磁性纳米颗粒的靶向递送是否有效,主要依赖靶向目标位置处所应用的磁场和磁场强度是否足够吸引束缚载药磁性纳米颗粒在肿瘤组织中停留以及释放.对静磁场在引导磁性纳米颗粒靶向肿瘤组织研究的新进展进行综述,为静磁场在靶向肿瘤治疗方面提供一定的科研基础支持.     

抗人肺鳞癌单克隆抗体的制备及其特性鉴定

目的:制备和鉴定抗人肺鳞癌单克隆抗体(mAb),为肺癌的早期诊断和靶向治疗提供候选抗体药物及为肺癌抗原的筛选提供工具。方法:用肺癌细胞株YTMLC-90做抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞Sp2/0融合,间接ELISA和有限稀释法筛选抗体阳性的杂交瘤细胞获得mAb。染色体计数法鉴定杂交瘤细胞,并进行mAb同种型鉴定;对细胞培养上清液和腹水中的mAb采用间接ELISA法进行初步特异性检测及效价测定;采用Western blot法鉴定其与不同组织抗原结合活性;采用免疫组化染色法鉴定其在肺癌组织中的分布。结果:筛选出5株可稳定分泌抗肺鳞癌mAb的杂交瘤细胞株E2、F9、E11、D5和C6,分泌的抗体均为IgG1亚类,κ亚型。C6染色体数目为89～112条,细胞培养上清和腹水效价分别为1∶1 004和1∶104,ELSA和Western blot结果显示其能特异性与肺癌细胞结合,未见与其他高发癌组织和正常组织结合。结论:成功地制备了能够特异识别肺癌组织的mAb。     

Multilayered, core/shell nanoprobes based on magnetic ferric oxide particles and quantum dots for multimodality imaging of breast cancer tumors

Multilayered, core/shell nanoprobes (MQQ-probe) based on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and quantum dots (QDs) have been successfully developed for multimodality tumor imaging. This MQQ-probe contains Fe(3)O(4) MNPs, visible-fluorescent QDs (600?nm emission) and near infrared-fluorescent QDs (780?nm emission) in multiple silica layers. The fabrication of the MQQ-probe involves the synthesis of a primer Fe(3)O(4) MNPs/SiO(2) core by a reverse microemulsion method. The MQQ-probe can be used both as a fluorescent probe and a contrast reagent of magnetic resonance imaging. For breast cancer tumor imaging, anti-HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) antibody was conjugated to the surface of the MQQ-probe. The specific binding of the antibody conjugated MQQ-probe to the surface of human breast cancer cells (KPL-4) was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis in?vitro. Due to the high tissue permeability of near-infrared (NIR) light, NIR fluorescence imaging of the tumor mice (KPL-4 cells transplanted) was conducted by using the anti-HER2 antibody conjugated MQQ-probe. In?vivo multimodality images of breast tumors were successfully taken by NIR fluorescence and T(2)-weighted magnetic resonance. Antibody conjugated MQQ-probes have great potential to use for multimodality imaging of cancer tumors in?vitro and in?vivo.     

Solvent-free atom transfer radical polymerization for the preparation of poly(poly(ethyleneglycol) monomethacrylate)-grafted Fe3O4 nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and cellular uptake

Poly(poly(ethyleneglycol) monomethacrylate) (P(PEGMA))-grafted magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were successfully prepared via a solvent-free atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) method. The macroinitiators were immobilized on the surface of 6.4±0.8 nm Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles via effective ligand exchange of oleic acid with 3-chloropropionic acid (CPA), which rendered the nanoparticles soluble in the PEGMA monomer. The so-obtained P(PEGMA)-grafted MNPs have a uniform hydrodynamic particle size of 36.0±1.2 nm. The successful grafting of P(PEGMA) on the MNP surface was ascertained from FTIR and XPS analyses. The uptake of the MNPs by macrophage cells is reduced by two-orders of magnitude to <2 pg Fe/cell after surface grafting with P(PEGMA). Furthermore, the morphology and viability of the macrophage cells cultured in a medium containing 0.2 mg/mL of P(PEGMA)-grafted MNPs were found similar to those of cells cultured without nanoparticles, indicating an absence of significant cytotoxicity effects. T₂-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of P(PEGMA)-grafted MNPs showed that the magnetic resonance signal is enhanced significantly with increasing nanoparticle concentration in water. The R₁ and R₂ values per millimole Fe, and R₂/R₁ value of the P(PEGMA)-grafted MNPs were calculated to be 8.8 mm⁻¹ s⁻¹, 140 mm⁻¹ s⁻¹, and 16, respectively. These results indicate that the P(PEGMA)-grafted MNPs have great potential for application in MRI of specific biotargets.     

Magnetic nanoparticles with dual functional properties: drug delivery and magnetic resonance imaging

There is significant interest in recent years in developing magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) having multifunctional characteristics with complimentary roles. In this study, we investigated the drug delivery and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) properties of our novel oleic acid-coated iron-oxide and pluronic-stabilized MNPs. The drug incorporation efficiency of doxorubicin and paclitaxel (alone or in combination) in MNPs was 74-95%; the drug release was sustained and the incorporated drugs had marginal effects on physical (size and zeta potential) and magnetization properties of the MNPs. The drugs in combination incorporated in MNPs demonstrated highly synergistic antiproliferative activity in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The T2 relaxivity (r(2)) was higher for our MNPs than Feridex IV, whereas the T1 relaxivity (r(1)) was better for Feridex IV than for our MNPs, suggesting greater sensitivity of our MNPs than Feridex IV in T2 weighted imaging. The circulation half-life (t(1/2)), determined from the changes in the MRI signal intensity in carotid arteries in mice, was longer for our MNPs than Feridex IV (t(1/2)=31.2 vs. 6.4 min). MNPs with combined characteristics of MRI and drug delivery could be of high clinical significance in the treatment of various disease conditions.     

Curcumin-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles for detecting amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease mice using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be performed with the assistance of amyloid imaging. The current method relies on positron emission tomography (PET), which is expensive and exposes people to radiation, undesirable features for a population screening method. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is cheaper and is not radioactive. Our approach uses magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) made of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) conjugated with curcumin, a natural compound that specifically binds to amyloid plaques. Coating of curcumin-conjugated MNPs with polyethylene glycol-polylactic acid block copolymer and polyvinylpyrrolidone by antisolvent precipitation in a multi-inlet vortex mixer produces stable and biocompatible curcumin magnetic nanoparticles (Cur-MNPs) with mean diameter <100 nm. These nanoparticles were visualized by transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, and their structure and chemistry were further characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Cur-MNPs exhibited no cytotoxicity in either Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) or differentiated human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y). The P_app of Cur-MNPs was 1.03 × 10⁻⁶ cm/s in an in vitro blood–brain barrier (BBB) model. Amyloid plaques could be visualized in ex vivo T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of Tg2576 mouse brains after injection of Cur–MNPs, and no plaques could be found in non-transgenic mice. Immunohistochemical examination of the mouse brains revealed that Cur-MNPs were co-localized with amyloid plaques. Thus, Cur–MNPs have the potential for non-invasive diagnosis of AD using MRI.     

Glutathione conjugated polyethylenimine on the surface of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles as a theranostic agent for targeted and controlled curcumin delivery

Theranostics with the ability to simultaneous monitoring of treatment progress and controlled delivery of therapeutic agents has become as an emerging therapeutic paradigm in cancer therapy. In this study, we have developed a novel surface functionalized iron oxide nanoparticle using polyethyleneimine and glutathione for targeted curcumin (CUR) delivery and acceptable pH sensitive character. The developed magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were physicochemically characterized by FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM and TEM. The MNPs was obtained in spherical shape with diameter of 50 nm. CUR was efficiently loaded into the MNPs and then in vitro release analyses were evaluated and showed that the prepared MNPs could release higher amount of CUR in acidic medium compared to neutral medium due to the pH sensitive property of the coated polymer. MTT assay confirmed the superior toxicity of CUR loaded MNPs compared to the control nanoparticles. Higher cellular uptake of the MNPs than negative control cells was demonstrated in SK-N-MC cell line. In vitro assessment of MRI properties showed that synthesized MNPs could be used as MRI imaging agent. Furthermore, according to hemolysis assay, the developed formulation exhibited suitable hemocompatibility. In vivo blood circulation analysis of the MNPs also exhibited enhanced serum bioavailability up to 2.5 fold for CUR loaded MNPs compared with free CUR.     

Engineered multifunctional nanomaterials for multimodal imaging of retinoblastoma cells in vitro

Multifunctional nanoparticles are next generation materials that can be simultaneously used for imaging, diagnosis, and delivery of drugs. However, materials intended for cancer diagnosis need to be investigated for its cell uptake, toxicity, and effectiveness. In the current work, we have synthesized fluorescent iron oxide nanoparticles and evaluated its efficacy against retinoblastoma cell imaging. The iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized and stabilized using oleic acid. Sulforhodamine B was adsorbed onto albumin over the oleic acid-capped iron oxide nanoparticles. Our results demonstrated good cell uptake in a time-dependent manner and nanoparticles were found to localize in the cytosol. Further, the nanoparticles exhibited excellent negative contrast in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) experiments and with no cytoxicity (5–100?μg/mL iron oxide nanoparticles) to both normal as well as cancer cells demonstrating its biocompatibility. Thus, this novel material integrates the ability to image tissues with high sensitivity by MRI and specifically visualize Y79 retinoblastoma cells by fluorescence imaging with no toxicity.     

Fluorescent Magnetic Nanoparticles with Specific Targeting Functions for Combinded Targeting,Optical Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Abstract

Superparamagnetic iron oxides nanoparticles possess specific magnetic properties to be an efficient contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to enhance the detection and characterization of tissue lesions within the body. To endow specific properties to nanoparticles that can target cancer cells and prevent recognition by the reticuloendothelial system (RES), the surface of the nanoparticles was modified with folic-acid-conjugated poly(ethylene glycol) (FA-PEG). In this study, we investigated the multifunctional fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles (IOPFC) that can specifically target cancer cells and be monitored by both MRI and optical imaging. IOPFC consists of an iron oxide superparamagnetic nanoparticle conjugated with a layer of PEG, which was terminal modified with either Cypher5E or folic acid molecules. The core sizes of IOPFC nanoparticles are around 10 nm, which were visualized by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The hysteresis curves, generated with superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer analysis, demonstrated that IOPFC nanoparticles are superparamagnetic with insignificant hysteresis. IOPFC displays higher intracellular uptake into KB and MDA-MB-231 cells due to the over-expressed folate receptor. This result is confirmed by laser confocal scanning microscopy (LCSM) and atomic flow cytometry. Both in vitro and in vivo MRI studies show better IOPFC uptake by the KB cells (folate positive) than the HT1080 cells (folate negative) and, hence, stronger T ₂-weighted signals enhancement. The in vivo fluorescent image recorded at 20 min post injection show strong fluorescence from IOPFC which can be observed around the tumor region. This multifunctional nanoparticle can assess the potential application of developing a magnetic nanoparticle system that combines tumor targeting, as well as MRI and optical imaging.     

Multi-functional magnetic nanoparticles for magnetic resonance imaging and cancer therapy

We have developed a multi-layer approach for the synthesis of water-dispersible superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for hyperthermia, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and drug delivery applications. In this approach, iron oxide core nanoparticles were obtained by precipitation of iron salts in the presence of ammonia and provided β-cyclodextrin and pluronic polymer (F127) coatings. This formulation (F127250) was highly water dispersible which allowed encapsulation of the anti-cancer drug(s) in β-cyclodextrin and pluronic polymer for sustained drug release. The F127250 formulation has exhibited superior hyperthermia effects over time under alternating magnetic field compared to pure magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) and β-cyclodextrin coated nanoparticles (CD200). Additionally, the improved MRI characteristics were also observed for the F127250 formulation in agar gel and in cisplatin resistant ovarian cancer cells (A12780CP) compared to MNP and CD200 formulations. Furthermore, the drug-loaded formulation of F127250 exhibited many folds of imaging contrast properties. Due to the internalization capacity of the F127250 formulation, its curcumin-loaded formulation (F127250-CUR) exhibited almost equivalent inhibition effects on A2780CP (ovarian), MDA-MB-231 (breast), and PC-3 (prostate) cancer cells even though curcumin release was only 40%. The improved therapeutic effects were verified by examining molecular effects using Western blotting and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) studies. F127250-CUR also exhibited haemocompatibility, suggesting a nanochemo-therapeutic agent for cancer therapy.     

Diagnostic spectrum of ovarian masses in women with breast cancer; magnetic resonance imaging: histopathology correlation

This study addresses the clinical problem of the patient with breast cancer that has been operated on for an ovarian mass. It specifies the spectrum of histopathologic diagnoses and the differentiating magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of ovarian masses with correlations between clinical features, histopathologic, and MRI findings. Sensitivity and specificity of MRI vs histopathology in diagnosing malignancy are estimated. The study included 53 women with breast cancer who underwent surgery for an ovarian mass. Complete medical records, US and MRI images for the ovarian mass, and histopathology slides of both breast and ovarian resection specimens were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively. Thirty-six (67.9 %) patients had benign masses, and 17 (32.1%) had malignant masses, of which 8 (15.1%) were primary ovarian malignancies and 9 (17%) were metastatic from breast carcinomas. There was a significant association between benign and primary malignant ovarian masses and stage II breast cancer (P = .00). There was a significant association between metastatic ovarian masses and stage III to IV breast disease (P = .00) and negative estrogen receptor status (P = .05). Magnetic resonance imaging had a specificity of 91.7% and a sensitivity of 94.1% in diagnosing malignant ovarian masses. In conclusion, the spectrum of ovarian masses diagnosed in patients with breast cancer is broad, including benign lesions, primary ovarian malignancies, and breast metastases. Knowledge of the imaging features may allow a specific diagnosis aiding in surgical planning. Despite the high specificity and sensitivity of MRI to differentiate benign from malignant lesions, the unique ability to differentiate between primary and metastatic malignancies is conserved to histopathology.