Effectiveness of preoperative chemotherapy for far advanced gastric cancer

We herein report a case in which preoperative chemotherapy with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil was found to effectively treat far advanced gastric cancer invading the pancreas forming a huge mass with regional and distant lymph node metastases. As a result of this treatment regimen, a potentially curative resection was performed which led to a substantially increased survival. The patient was treated with 10 mg of cisplatin and 1000 mg of 5-fluouracil each day preoperatively. After the continuous administration of these drugs for 28 days, the findings of extensive pancreas invasion and lymph node metastases dramatically disappeared. The tumor could be curatively resected by a total gastrectomy with lymph nodes dissection, combined with a distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy. A histological study of a resected specimen showed some cancer cell infiltration remaining within the muscularis propria with fibrous change. There was no evidence of either pancreas invasion or lymph node metastasis. As a result, postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy was performed, 14 months later lymph nodes recurrence was detected and the patient died 20 months after surgery. Our findings suggest that preoperative chemotherapy may thus be effective for the treatment of gastric cancer by both reducing the tumor burden and prolonging survival.     

结直肠癌术前区域动脉灌注化疗的临床价值

区域动脉灌注抗癌药物,肿瘤组织中高浓度的抗癌药物高度抑制肿瘤细胞的活性,最大限度的杀伤癌细胞,除了提高肿瘤局部化疗药物浓度外,较高浓度的化疗药经门静脉回流到肝脏,对预防肝转移起到非常重要的作用.结直肠经术前区域动脉灌注化疗,肿瘤组织学疗效显著,肿瘤细胞凋亡明显,能提高手术根治切除率,减少术后转移和复发,提高长期生存率,而且并发症少,几无痛苦,为一种微创和安全的治疗方法,可以作为一种有效的结直肠癌综合治疗方案.     

胃癌术前介入治疗后血管变化与癌组织坏死的关系

目的探讨胃癌术前选择性动脉插管化疗的作用机制．方法观察４０例胃癌患者术前经腹腔动脉或胃左动脉插管化疗后癌组织的血管形态和组织病理学变化，并与４０例未化疗者进行对比．化疗方案为５ＦＵ５００ｍｇ／ｍ２～７５０ｍｇ／ｍ２，ｅｐｉｒｕｂｉｃｉｎ４０ｍｇ／ｍ２和ＭＭＣ１０ｍｇ／ｍ２．结果治疗组８７５％（３５／４０）出现不同程度的坏死，以中－重度为主，（６０％），对照组４２５％（１７／４０）表现出轻度坏死．治疗组变性坏死８２５％（３３／４０）发生在血管周围，对照组肿瘤坏死发生在远离血管的肿瘤浅表层；介入治疗引起的坏死与肿瘤自然坏死的区别是，坏死多沿血管轴发生，在肿瘤实质部分出现大片多灶性凝固性坏死，有的呈梗死表现．术前介入治疗对血管的影响主要表现在血管壁的炎性水肿（９５％），血管内膜增厚（９０％），血栓形成（７７５％）．结论介入治疗可以通过高浓度的化疗药物产生小血管和间质炎症，使管腔狭窄或形成血栓，影响肿瘤血供，产生病理性坏死，达到一定的治疗作用．     

不能手术切除晚期胃癌病人介入化疗的疗效观察

目的探讨动脉内介入化疗治疗不能手术切除的晚期胃癌病人的临床疗效和毒副反应.方法对不能手术切除的晚期胃癌60例行动脉内介入化疗者作为对照组.32例行常规静脉滴注化疗者作为对照组.从肿瘤大小变化方面和生存时间方面进行对比观察.结果动脉内介入化疗有效率58.3%,静脉化疗有效率28.1%,平均生存时间、动脉内介入治疗为306d,静脉化疗为72d.两组比较差异有显著性.毒副反应静脉滴注组发生率高,主要为白细胞下降、恶心、呕吐等.结论动脉内介入化疗方法治疗不能切除的晚期胃癌临床疗效优于静脉化疗方法.     

结直肠癌区域动脉灌注化疗的研究进展

术前介入化疗是结直肠癌的重要治疗方法之一,现对结直肠癌术前介入化疗的概念、发展过程、临床意义、生理及分子生物学基础、病理观察和适应证等方面进行综述。     

进展期胃癌术前冲击化疗联合术中腹腔内温热化疗疗效观察

目的观察术前短程冲击化疗联合术中即时腹腔内温热灌注化疗治疗进展期胃癌的临床疗效。方法136例进展期胃癌随机分术前短程冲击化疗联合术中腹腔内温热灌注化疗组（治疗1组）、术前短程冲击化疗组（治疗2组）和单纯手术组（对照组）,比较三组患者的手术并发症发生率和术后长期生存率。结果治疗1组的3a生存率为88．1％,明显高于治疗2组（68．1％）和对照组（42．6％）（P〈0．05）,治疗1组2a内无复发,治疗2组、对照组复发率为17．0％、38．3％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论进展期胃癌术前短程冲击化疗联合术中即时腹腔内温热灌注化疗能提高患者生存率,延缓肿瘤复发。     

Fulminant amoebic colitis during chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer

A 52-year-old man had bloody stools during chemotherapy for gastric cancer. A colonoscopy revealed necrotizing ulcer-like changes. A biopsy confirmed the presence of amoebic trophozoites. Subsequently, peritonitis with intestinal perforation developed, and emergency peritoneal lavage and colostomy were performed. After surgery, endotoxin adsorption therapy was performed and metronidazole was given. Symptoms of peritonitis and colonitis resolved. However, the patient＇s general condition worsened with the progression of gastric cancer. The patient died 50 d after surgery. Fulminant amoebic colitis is very rarely associated with chemotherapy. Amoebic colitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients who have bloody stools during chemotherapy.     

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer: a meta-analysis

AIM:To study the value of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for advanced gastric cancer by performing a meta-analysis of the published studies.METHODS:All published controlled trials of NAC for advanced gastric cancer vs no therapy before surgery were searched.Studies that included patients with metastases at enrollment were excluded.Databases included Cochrane Library of Clinical Comparative Trials,MEDLINE,Embase,and American Society of Clinical Oncology meeting abstracts from 1978 to 2010.The censor date was...     

Combined S-1 and cisplatin preoperative chemotherapy for patients with advanced gastric cancer: report of five cases

BACKGROUND/AIMS: A high response rate with acceptable toxicities is required in the setting of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Five cases (3 stage IV, 2 stage IIIb) of advanced gastric cancer were successfully treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy consisting of a combination of S-1 and cisplatin. METHODOLOGY: All 5 patients were men younger than age 60, with no severe complications. S-1 was administered orally (80 mg/m2/day) twice daily for 21 consecutive days, and cisplatin (60 mg/m2) was infused over 2 hours on day 8 with hydration. This schedule was repeated every 5 weeks. After each cycle, the clinical response evaluation was performed with endoscopy, barium meal, and spiral CT scan. Surgery was carried out about 3 weeks after chemotherapy. RESULTS: All patients were responders (100%) after one or two cycles. However, there was no patient with either complete response, or down-staging. Toxicities, according to the WHO criteria, were very mild and none required treatment. Postoperatively one patient died of aspiration pneumonia unrelated to the chemotherapy. The others were discharged within 3 weeks after operation without complications. CONCLUSIONS: S-1 plus cisplatin seems safe and effective as neoadjuvant chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer patients.     

胃、结直肠癌术前区域性动脉化疗几个相关问题

胃、结直肠癌根治性切除术复发转移是严重影响术后5 a生存率提高的重要原因.以手术为主综合治疗已成为新的趋势,其中术前区域性动脉化疗(preoperative regional-arterial chemotherapy,PRAC)尤为值得重视.本文介绍了术前PRAC的概念、作用机制和影响区域性动脉化疗疗效的相关因素,并就术前区域性动脉化疗在胃、结直肠癌综合治疗中的评价进行讨论.     

Cost-effectiveness analysis of chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer in China

AIM： To assess the economics of various chemotherapeutic regimens for advanced gastric cancer （AGC）, and to select the best cost-effective regimen for the common Chinese patients.
METHODS： Data source used in this study was the Chinese Biomedical Disk Database. Patients were diagnosed as AGC and any regimen was eligible. Outcome measures included median survival time （MST） and percentage of complete and partial response （CR＋PR）. Economic statistics was per capita direct medical cost （DMC） of a single cycle. TreeAge Pro Healthcare 2007 software was used to carry out costeffectiveness and incremental cost-effectiveness analysis. Sensitivity analyses were applied by altering willingness- to-pay and annual discount rate, and also re-analyzed by excluding the studies with apparent heterogeneity.
RESULTS： Seven retrospective economics studies on 760 patients were included. S-fluorouracil-based regimens were universal, and also some new agents were involved, such as docetaxel, paclitaxel, andoxaliplatin. By processing analysis, we could recommend etoposide, leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil （ELF） regimen as preference, with a DMC/MST ratio of 2543 RBM/11.7 mo and a DMC/CR＋PR ratio of 2543 RMB/53.3%. Uraciltegafur, etoposide and cisplatin （FEP） or 5-fluorouracil, adrimycin/epirubin and mitomycin （FAM） regimens could be regarded as optional first-line chemotherapy for AGC in common Chinese patients. With no regard for willingness-to-pay, the docetaxel, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil （DCF） regimen could be chosen as either a first- or a second-line chemotherapy, with a DMC/CR＋PR ratio of 9979 RMB/56.3%.
CONCLUSION： 5-fluorouracial regimens are still considered the mainstream for AGC, while new agents such as taxanes are optional. More randomized clinical trials are required before any mandatory recommendation of certain regimens for patients with AGC in China is made.     

健脾益气法联合化疗治疗晚期胃癌的临床观察

[目的]探讨健脾益气方配合TP(紫杉醇脂质体+顺铂)方案化疗治疗晚期胃癌的疗效。[方法]将40例接受含氟尿嘧啶类方案或含紫杉类方案或含铂类方案化疗的胃癌患者,随机分为对照组和治疗组,对照组20例不服用健脾益气方,常规化疗;治疗组20例在化疗前1周开始口服自拟健脾益气方中药,至化疗结束。在化疗结束后评估恶心呕吐评分、生活质量评分及骨髓抑制评分。[结果]治疗组的恶心呕吐评分、生活质量评分及骨髓抑制评分均明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]健脾益气方配合化疗能明显减轻胃癌化疗后的不良反应,增强化疗疗效。     

Recent developments in chemotherapy of advanced gastric cancer

Approximately 1 million individuals develop gastric cancer every year and the mortality of gastric cancer is only second to lung cancer. The poor prognosis is caused by late diagnosis of most cancers in advanced stages and the limited therapeutic options in these stages. Apart from the elucidation of underlying molecular and genetic changes in the development and progression of gastric cancers, the development of new treatment strategies is critical for the improvement of the treatment and prognosis of these patients. In this review we have summarized and critically assessed recent studies dealing with the chemotherapy of advanced gastric cancer. While the efficacy of most treatment regimens is only limited, new developments may indicate that treatment with chemotherapy may confer some benefit in the future.     

Post-operative chemotherapy in non-curative gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The definitive effects of post-operative chemotherapy for prolonging survival in patients with non-curative gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer have not been established. METHODOLOGY: Eighty-three patients with advanced gastric cancer who underwent non-curative gastrectomy were divided into 49 patients with post-operative chemotherapy (chemotherapy group) and 34 patients without post-operative chemotherapy (control group). Chemotherapy regimens were as follows: oral 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) alone (n = 22), intravenous mitomycin (MMC) plus 5-FU (n = 20), intravenous methotrexate (MTX) plus 5-FU (n = 3), intravenous cisplatin plus 5-FU (n = 2), and hepatic arterial infusion of 5-FU plus oral 5-FU (n = 2). No prior chemotherapy or radiation therapy was given. RESULTS: Although the age in the control group (mean: 71.9 years) was significantly older than in the chemotherapy group (mean: 66.1 years), there were no significant differences in the other clinical and pathological background data between the two groups. The 1-year survival rate in the chemotherapy group (71.4%) was significantly higher than in the control group (50.0%). However, the 3-year and 5-year survival rates did not significantly differ in the chemotherapy group versus the control group, 30.6% vs. 32.4% and 24.5% vs. 32.4%, respectively. Although a significant difference did not exist between the two groups, median survival after operation in the chemotherapy group (20.5 months) was longer than that in the control group (16.2 months). Furthermore, median survival of patients with peritoneal dissemination in the chemotherapy group (16.4 months) was significantly longer than that in the control group (7.7 months). CONCLUSIONS: Post-operative chemotherapy may contribute to prolonged survival in patients with non-curable advanced gastric cancer, even when patients had peritoneal dissemination. However, the long-term survival rate was not improved by post-operative chemotherapy. More aggressive chemotherapy may be needed to improve the long-term prognosis for such patients.     

腹腔镜探查联合灌洗活检在进展期胃癌术前分期中的价值

目的:探讨腹腔镜探查联合腹腔灌洗活检对进展期胃癌术前分期及术式选择的临床意义.方法:回顾分析北京大学肿瘤医院43例胃癌患者腹腔镜探查经过,结果及治疗方案.结果:43例患者腹腔镜探查均获成功,探查操作时间为30-45min(平均32min),术中出血少.探查发现:腹膜转移者14例,肿瘤直接侵犯周围脏器1例.肿瘤突破浆膜者27例,未突破浆膜者16例,其中有4例镜下触诊不明显.所有患者行腹腔灌洗,其中阳性者16例,阳性率为37.2%.结论:胃癌患者术前预行腹腔镜探查和灌洗对于术前分期和选择合适的术式具有重要的指导意义.