胰岛素、痢特灵治疗糖尿病足疗效观察

目的：使用胰岛素、痢特灵局部换药治疗糖尿病足(DF)。方法：我科1999年1月～2002年9月收治的糖尿病足42例，给予全身治疗的同时予以局部清创，胰岛素，痢特灵换药。结果：42例DF中，Ⅰ级DF，平均7天肉芽组织生长，14天溃疡面逐渐愈合；Ⅱ级DF平均14天溃疡面肉芽组织生长，24天溃疡面逐渐愈合；Ⅲ级平均20天肉芽组织生长。30天溃疡面愈合；Ⅳ级30天肉芽组织生长，60天后溃疡愈合。结论：糖尿病足采用局部清创，胰岛素，痢特灵换药，疗效明显，简便易行，经济适用。     

负压封闭引流(VSD)技术在治疗糖尿足溃疡中的应用体会

目的:探讨负压封闭引流(VSD)技术在治疗糖尿病足溃疡中的应用,促进了创面的愈合,缩短了治疗时间.方法:46例糖尿病足患者,控制血糖平稳后,清除坏死组织,行负压封闭引流术.结果:46例糖尿病足患者行VSD治疗后创面肉芽组织生长良好,18例溃疡通过换药后创面愈合,22例经游离皮片移植或皮瓣术后创面愈合. 结论:负压封闭引流技术的使用加速促进了创面愈合,缩短治疗时间,减轻了患者因每次创面换药带来的痛苦.     

老年性糖尿病足38例治疗探讨

目的 探讨序贯治疗老年性糖尿病足的临床疗效.方法 2009年7月至2013年6月间收集的38例老年性糖尿病足患者,予以基础疾病治疗、创面有效清创、负压封闭引流（VSD）以及较大创面行植皮修复等序贯治疗措施.结果 18例患者术后应用VSD,创面14～30天愈合;20例较大创面患者肉芽组织生长良好后行中厚皮片移植,继续应用VSD治疗,其中18例患者植皮成活,创面愈合好,2例患者广泛软组织炎症并发跖骨骨髓炎感染扩散危及生命,创面未愈行截肢治疗,所有患者随访1～ 6个月,愈合后创面未再破溃.结论 对老年性糖尿病足采取序贯治疗措施能显著提高糖尿病足治愈率.     

37例大面积皮肤软组织缺损修复治疗分析

目的探讨创面封闭式负压引流(VSD)技术在皮肤软组织缺损修复应用。方法对收治的大面积的皮肤软组织缺损37例患者进行分析,20例进行传统治疗(清创、换药、培养肉芽)后进行二期手术行自体全厚游离皮片创面移植或邮票皮移植,12例创面愈合,6例经过多次换药后创面自行愈合,1例患者经过2次植皮治疗后,创面愈合。1例患者经过3次植皮治疗后,创面愈合。17例进行VSD后进行二期手术行自体全厚游离皮片创面移植或邮票皮移植,其中16例患者经过1次治疗后,创面愈合。1例经过多次换药后创面自行愈合。结果 VSD组住院天数、住院费用均较传统组减少(P<0.01)。结论 VSD是治疗大面积皮肤软组织缺损的较理想的方法之一,值得推广应用。     

封闭负压引流技术在治疗严重软组织缺损的疗效观察

目的：探讨封闭负压引流技术在治疗严重软组织坏死缺损的临床效果.方法：对37例严重软组织缺损创面引用负压引流技术（VSD）,待肉芽组织生长充分后,行植皮手术治疗.结果：37例创面全部愈合,外形及功能恢复满意.其中外伤后股骨内髁骨外露,用克氏针对骨折简单有效固定,骨皮质表面钻孔,负压吸引3～4周后,肉芽组织覆盖骨面,经植皮创面愈合;28例车祸外伤后软组织坏死创面,经负压吸引治疗14天,断层皮片植皮,创面愈合;7例糖尿病足,皮肤破溃,迁延不愈,经清创后负压吸引治疗14天,植皮后创面愈合;2例痛风石破溃创面,行病灶清理、负压吸引治疗21天后,植皮后创面愈合.结论：负压封闭引流技术（VSD）,用于软组织缺损治疗,能减少手术操作,减轻患者痛苦、促进创面愈合,是治疗严重软组织缺损的有效办法.     

VSD联合游离皮片植皮治疗糖尿病足感染的应用效果研究

目的:评价VSD(vacuum sealing drainage)封闭负压引流技术联合自体游离皮片植皮对于糖尿病足感染创面的治疗效果.方法:入选糖尿病足创面感染患者88例,43例给予传统治疗,45例患者给予一期局部清创、VSD治疗、二期植皮,即在常规抗感染、改善循环、换药及外科清创的基础上,给予VSD封闭负压引流,待感染创面有肉芽覆盖时,根据感染创面的大小、部位,从自体取刃厚或薄中厚皮片,采用邮票状植皮或打包法植皮,用无菌纱布并加压包扎,保证移植皮片与创面肉芽组织紧密接触.结果:45例试验组患者,39例植皮后全部皮片成活,6例部分皮片为成活,经过无菌换药及补植后,创面愈合.平均住院时间(22±5)d.出院后随访78例,1例电话更换联系不上.随访时间3个月～24个月,平均13个月.其中2例患者发生溃疡复发,余42患者能独立或借助助行器、拐杖站立、行走.结论:VSD联合游离皮片植皮是治疗糖尿病足感染创面的有效方法,值得临床应用推广.     

负压封闭引流治疗慢性皮肤溃疡的护理

目的 探讨使用负压封闭引流技术(vacuum sealing drainage,VSD)治疗慢性皮肤溃疡的护理.方法 对85例慢性皮肤溃疡者,使用VSD技术治疗7-10天,待创面肉芽组织生长新鲜后行二期植皮或皮瓣转移修复术.结果 71例患者经VSD技术治疗7-10天,8例经二次治疗,局部创面肉芽新鲜,经二期植皮或皮瓣转移修复术后,恢复满意,6例经反复治疗后明显好转.结论 VSD技术治疗,护理配合很重要.护理正确,才能有效防止并发症的发生,缩短皮肤溃疡愈合的时间.     

真空负压引流技术联合人工真皮治疗糖尿病足的效果

目的：观察真空负压引流（ VSD）技术联合人工真皮治疗糖尿病足的临床疗效。方法24例糖尿病足患者平均分成两组,全部患足仍有较大部分皮肤软组织存在血运,予抗炎及控制血糖平稳后,所有患足均行坏死组织清创术并形成新鲜创面。对照组12例：清创术后予传统方法换药治疗,每天双氧水、生理盐水清洗,聚维酮碘纱布外敷包扎。观察组12例：清创术后应用VSD技术治疗创面,创面感染控制、肉芽组织生长后植入人工真皮,待其肉芽生长满意后行植皮术。观察患者住院时间及愈合质量,包括截肢率及瘢痕增生情况等。结果对照组住院时间（52.2±6.7） d,其中截肢患者5例,创面瘢痕愈合患者3例,最后经植皮修复者4例。观察组住院时间（30.5±5.9）d,其中3例创面较小患者经应用VSD技术联合人工真皮后创面瘢痕愈合,瘢痕增生轻;8例创面较大患者应用VSD技术联合人工真皮后肉芽生长既快又好,肉芽满意后行植皮手术,植皮全部存活,保肢成功;1例较严重患者最终截肢处理。结论 VSD技术联合人工真皮治疗糖尿病足效果明显优于传统治疗方法,可降低截肢率,缩短住院时间。     

负压吸引系统在糖尿病足伴感染中的应用

目的 探讨负压吸引技术(vacuum sealing drainage,VSD)在糖尿病足创面治疗中的价值.方法 对糖尿病足严重感染创面60例,清创后创面使用VSD后,结合皮瓣或植皮修复创面,观察治疗效果.结果 经VSD治疗后,除1例患者因双下肢动脉闭塞创面无肉芽组织生长外,其余病人创面肉芽生长良好,植皮后皮片存活均＞95％,经换药后短期内创面均能痊愈.结论 负压吸引技术应用于糖尿病足伴感染的病人促进肉芽组织生长,为植皮或皮瓣修复创面创造良好的基础条件.     

负压封闭引流技术治疗感染性骨不连伴皮肤软组织缺损

目的探讨应用负压封闭引流技术（vaccum sealing drainage,VSD）治疗感染性骨不连伴皮肤软组织缺损的疗效。方法 2007年1月～2010年2月,我科采用彻底清创以及VSD技术封闭创面治疗23例感染性骨不愈合伴皮肤软组织缺损患者。7～10 d后拆除VSD装置,对肉芽组织生长丰富且无骨与肌腱外露者行游离植皮,对伴肌腱或骨外露的患者应用组织瓣移位或移植术的方法覆盖创面。结果所有患者术后获8～26个月（平均14.2个月）随访。23例患者经VSD技术治疗1～4次（平均1.3次）后感染得到控制,肉芽生长充分、新鲜,行游离植皮或组织瓣移植,均一次成活。骨折均获骨性愈合,骨折愈合时间8～24个月,平均13.5个月。结论 VSD技术有效控制感染,并能刺激肉芽组织生长,促进创面愈合和毒素排出,为二期手术提供了良好条件,对治疗感染性骨不连伴皮肤软组织缺损具有良好疗效。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.