解剖M型超声心动图评价经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术及支架置入术的临床疗效

目的 解剖M型超声心动图(AMM)评价经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术(PTCA)及支架置入术前后左室室壁运动的改变.方法 本组45例,为进行冠状动脉左前降支(LAD)PTCA的患者,在手术前72 h、术后72 h以及3个月时分别进行超声心动图检查,AMM测量左室短轴基底段(二尖瓣水平)和中段(乳头肌水平)前间隔、前壁的收缩期增厚率及室壁运动幅度.结果 45例患者术后72 h及术后3个月检查显示,LAD对应节段(前壁和前间隔)的收缩期增厚率及室壁运动幅度均较术前显著增高(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 PTCA及支架置入术能迅速改善狭窄冠状动脉供血区域的室壁运动且采用AMM测量对应室壁节段的收缩期增厚率及室壁运动幅度能准确评价PTCA及支架置入术的疗效.     

解剖M型技术评价PTCA及支架置入术后左室室壁运动

目的应用解剖M型超声心动图(AMM)评价经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术(PTCA)及支架置入术前后左室室壁运动的改变。方法全组45例,为进行冠状动脉左前降支(Left anterior descending,LAD)PTCA及支架植入的患者,在术前72h、术后72h及3个月时分别进行超声心动图检查,AMM测量左室短轴基底段(二尖瓣水平)和中段(乳头肌水平)前间隔、前壁的收缩期增厚率及室壁运动幅度。结果45例患者术后72 h及3个月检查显示,LAD对应节段(前壁和前间隔)的收缩期增厚率及室壁运动幅度均较术前显著增高(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论PTCA及支架置入术能迅速改善狭窄冠状动脉供血区域的室壁运动。采用AMM测量对应室壁节段的收缩期增厚率及室壁运动幅度能准确评价PTCA及支架置入术的疗效。     

定量组织速度显像评价冠状动脉内支架置入术后局部室壁运动变化

目的：采用超声定量组织速度显像（QTVI）技术，评价冠状动脉内支架置入术后的左室局部室壁运动改变。方法：22例接受左前降支（LAD）支架置入术的冠心病患者，在术前72小时内、术后72小时内以及3个月时分别行QTVI检查。结果：与术前相比，术后72小时内LAD对应节段（室间隔中段和心尖段，前间隔，前壁）的收缩期平均峰值速度（Sm）显著增高，室间隔中段和前壁基底段的收缩波达峰时间（Q－Sm）显著缩短。在完成3个月随访的15例患者中，术后72小时内以及3个月时的LAD对应节段Sm均较术前显著增高，术后72小时内和3个月时的Sm则无显著差异。结论：成功的冠状动脉内支架置入术后左室局部室壁运动显著改善，超声QTVI技术能提供新的定量评价指标。     

应用超声定量组织速度成像(QTVI)技术评价冠心病患者PTCA支架置入术后局部心肌运动的临床研究

目的探讨超声定量组织速度成像（QTW）技术评价冠心病患者VIVA支架置入前后局部心肌运动速度的临床应用价值。方法26例接受左前降支（LAD）支架置入术的冠心病患者，在术前1天内、术后1周内以及3个月时分别行QTVI检查。结果与术前相比，术后一周内LAD对应节段（前间隔，前壁，室间隔中段和心尖段）的收缩期峰值速度（PSMV）、舒张早期峰值速度（PDMV）明显增高。结论成功的冠状动脉内支架置入术后左室局部室壁运动显着改善，超声QTVI技术能提供新的定量评价指标。     

解剖M型超声技术检测左心室室壁运动的准确性

目的评价解剖M型超声技术检测左室壁运动的准确性。方法两个月内两次测量30例行冠状动脉造影患者的左室短轴二尖瓣水平观和乳头肌水平观的6个节段以及心尖四腔观的4个节段的室壁收缩快速射血期最大厚度、舒张期末厚度和收缩期增厚率。结果两次测量结果显示,左室壁所有各节段的收缩快速射血期最大厚度、舒张期末厚度和室壁收缩期增厚率的平均值均没有显著统计学差异(p>0.05)。结论解剖M型超声技术测定左室壁各节段的收缩期增厚率等指标时有较好的可重复性,因此有可能用于准确定量分析左室壁节段性运动。     

改进的解剖M型超声检测肾功能不全患者左心室径向应变率

目的探讨改进的解剖M型超声左心室径向应变率在评价伴室壁增厚的肾功能不全患者局部心功能方面的应用价值。方法对31例正常人及20例伴室壁增厚的肾功能不全患者，行超声心动图扫查左心室短轴乳头肌平面，获取前间隔、后壁、后间隔、侧壁、前壁、下壁6个室壁节段的解剖M型曲线，将上述M型曲线输入改进的解剖M型后处理系统，提取各室壁内膜、外膜的峰值运动速度，计算收缩期峰值径向应变率及舒张早期峰值径向应变率，并进行组间对比分析。结果伴室壁增厚的肾功能不全患者各室壁舒张期峰值径向应变率均小于正常对照组（P〈0．05）；虽然收缩期各节段峰值径向应变率均小于对照组，但6个节段的平均值以及后壁、后间隔、侧壁收缩期峰值应变率与正常对照组相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论采用改进的解剖M型超声检测左心室短轴径向应变率，有助于对肾功能不全伴左心室壁增厚患者的心功能进行早期评估。     

应用改进的解剖M型超声检测原发性高血压患者左室径向应变率

目的 应用改进的解剖M型超声(AMM)检测伴室壁增厚的原发性高血压患者的左室径向应变率(SR).方法 正常组31例,伴室壁增厚的原发性高血压组20例,在左室短轴乳头肌平面,获取前间隔、后壁、后间隔、侧壁、前壁、下壁6个室壁节段的解剖M型曲线.将上述M型曲线输入改进的解剖M型后处理系统,提取各室壁内、外膜的峰值运动速度.径向应变率(SR)=(内膜速度-外膜速度)/室壁厚度.结果 原发性高血压组收缩期及舒张早期各节段峰值径向SR均明显低于正常对照组(P＜0.05).结论 改进的AMM径向SR检测不受取样角度的影响,可作为无创评价左室短轴局部心功能的新的参数.     

二维斑点追踪技术评价急性心肌梗死患者冠状动脉介入术后左室功能

目的:探讨二维斑点追踪成像(STI)技术的等容收缩期加速度指标在评价急性前壁心肌梗死(AMI)患者左室收缩功能方面的应用.方法:43例患者分别于经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术前和术后72 h内行超声检查,进行常规超声参数LVEDd、LVESd、LVEDV、LVESV及LVEF及左室心肌16节段圆周与径向STI参数等容收缩期加速度的测定.结果:左室射血分数术后明显提高((49±19)％ vs (52±18)％,P＜0.O5),左室前壁基底段、中间段、心尖段及左室前间隔基底段、中间段、心尖段等心肌梗死节段术后圆周等容收缩期加速度较术前明显提高(P＜0.05),左室前壁基底段、中间段、心尖段及左室前间隔基底段、中间段、心尖段等心肌梗死节段术后径向等容收缩期加速度较术前明显提高(P＜0.05).结论:PCI术后患者左室收缩功能恢复,表现在圆周、径向的缺血节段等容收缩期加速度增加.二维STI技术定量评价心肌节段性室壁运动异常为评价左室收缩功能提供有价值信息.     

应用改进的解剖M型超声检测正常人左室径向应变率

目的通过改进的解剖M型超声（AMM）径向应变率（SR）检测,评价正常人左室短轴局部心功能。方法获取31例健康志愿者左室短轴乳头肌平面6个室壁节段的解剖M型曲线,将曲线图像输入改进的解剖M型后处理系统,该系统可提取各室壁内、外膜的峰值运动速度。径向应变率=（内膜速度-外膜速度）/室壁厚度。结果正常人左室乳头肌平面各室壁节段舒张早期峰值径向应变率略高于收缩期,其中在下、后壁的差异显著（P〈0.05）;下壁、后壁、侧壁的收缩期及舒张早期峰值径向高于间隔侧及前壁。结论改进的解剖M型超声径向应变率检测可用于评价左室短轴各节段的局部心功能;正常人左室壁各节段径向应变率不是均匀一致的,可能与心肌的解剖结构特点有关。     

短轴应变成像评估冠心病冠状动脉支架置入术后远期节段心肌运动功能

目的评价东芝超声软件TDI-Q定量评估冠心病支架置入术后远期左室节段心肌短轴应变和应变率的可行性与临床价值。方法正常对照组20例,治疗组:前降支病变18例和前降支合并左回旋支病变1例,测量左室短轴观乳头肌水平左室前间隔(AIVS)和后壁(LVPW)收缩期室壁增厚率、应变、应变率,对室壁运动进行定量分析。结果正常组LVPW增厚率、应变、应变率高于AS,心内膜下层明显高于心外膜下层(P<0.05);治疗组AIVS增厚率、心内膜下心肌应变、应变率及心外膜下心肌应变、应变率均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论该方法较室壁增厚率更敏感,可定量分析左室短轴观节段各层心肌的运动状态,对评估冠状动脉置入术后远期疗效有一定价值。     

Effects of dobutamine on coronary flow velocity response and their relations to age

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of low-dose dobutamine on left ventricular (LV) functional and coronary flow reserves using transthracic echocardiography. The study group consisted of 30 children aged from 5 months to 16 years (mean 4.8 +/- 4.4 years). Echocardiographic studies were repeated before and during dobutamine infusion (5 microg/kg per minute). The peak diastolic velocity in the left descending coronary artery (LAD) was recorded by pulsed-Doppler under the guidance of color Doppler flow mapping. The coronary flow velocity (CFV) response was calculated as the ratio of LAD peak flow velocity at dobutamine infusion to basal LAD peak flow velocity. Left ventricular contractility was calculated by two-dimensionally directed M-mode echocardiography. The rate-corrected mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (mVcfc) and LV end-systolic wall stress (ESS) were used as indices of contractility. Adequate spectral Doppler recordings of the LAD peak flow velocity for the assessment of CFV response were obtained in 26 of 30 patients (87%). The LAD peak flow velocity at dobutamine infusion increased significantly compared with the basal values. The CFV response in the younger children was low and increased significantly with age. The CFV response did not show significant correlations with the changes in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, rate-pressure product, nor ESS during dobutamine infusion. However, a significant relationship between the CFV response and the percent change of mVcfc was observed. In the present study using high frequency transthoracic echocardiography, we demonstrated the age-related changes in CFV response and LV functional reserve by dobutamine infusion. Responses of LV contractility and coronary flow to dobutamine are less sensitive in youngerchildren and increased with increasing age.     

实时三维超声心动图评价冠心病患者左前降支冠状动脉PCI术后左心室整体及局部收缩功能与同步性

目的 探讨实时三维超声心动图(RT-3DE)评价冠心病左前降支冠状动脉经皮介入治疗(PCI)后患者左心室整体及局部收缩功能与同步性的应用价值.方法 对30例接受左前降支PCI术的患者分别于术前、术后1周,1、3个月应用RT-3DE进行17节段时间-容积曲线分析,获得左心室舒张末期容积(EDV)、收缩末期容积(ESV)、射血分数(EF)及左心室16节段达到最小收缩容积时间差的标准差校正值(Tmsv-16-SD％),即收缩不同步指数(SDI);同时得到前壁、前间隔及心尖帽共7节段的舒张末期容积(rEDV)、收缩末期容积(rESV)、节段射血分数(rEF)及节段达到最小收缩容积时间的校正值(Tmsv％).结果 术后1个月EDV、ESV、rESV及大部分节段的rEDV低于术前及术后1周(P＜0.05),EF、rEF高于术前及术后1周(P＜0.05),Tmsv-16-SD％及局部节段Tmsv％低于术前(P＜0.05),与术后1周无明显差异(P＞0.05);术后3个月ESV、Tmsv- 16-SD％及大部分节段的rEDV、rESV、Tmsv％低于术前、术后1周及术后1个月(P＜0.05),EF及大部分节段的rEF高于术前、术后1周及术后1个月(P＜0.05),rEDV低于术前及术后1周,与术后1个月相比较无明显差异(P＞0.0 5).结论 利用RT-3DE能定量评价冠心病患者左前降支PCI术后左心室整体及局部收缩功能与同步性的改善情况.     

Resolution of Ventricular Thrombus Identified by Contrast Enhanced Cardiac MRI

A 53 year old man was referred for a contrast enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) scan for assessment of anterior myocardial wall viability. An earlier coronary angiogram had shown a mid left anterior descending artery (LAD) occlusion, and echocardiography had shown mildly reduced global left ventricular function without any other abnormalities. Cine CMR images (steady state free precession sequence) showed a dilated left ventricle (LV) with reduced global systolic function [End-diastolic volume 224 mls (NR 77-195 mls); end-systolic volume 124 mis (NR 19-72 mls); ejection fraction 45%]. There was wall thinning and akinesis of the anteroapical wall and severe hypokinesis of the mid anteroseptal wall. Postgadolinium images (segmented inversion recovery turboFLASH sequence) revealed a prominent LV apical thrombus which measured 1.4 cm at greatest diameter (Figure 1). Using the late gadolinium technique there was extensive (mainly transmural) hyperenhancement (HE) involving the mid and apical septum and the apex. The patient was commenced on warfarin. A second CMR scan repeated after 4 months of warfarin therapy showed complete resolution of the thrombus in the early and late post-gadolinium images (Figures 2 and 3). CMR imaging post-contrast administration is a sensitive tool in the detection of left ventricular thrombi, and overcomes some of the near-field limitations of 2D echocardiography.     

应变率成像对冠状动脉搭桥前后左心室形变及同步性的评价

目的 采用应变率成像(SRI)定量评价冠状动脉搭桥(CABG)前、后左室局部心肌收缩形变及同步性的变化,判断手术疗效,预测再狭窄.方法 60例冠心病患者(病例组)分别于CABG术前1 d、术后10 d、1个月,3个月及6个月测量左前降支参与供血的室壁节段的收缩期应变率(SRsys)和应变(Ssys),计算收缩后应变指数(PSI).40例健康志愿者作为对照组.比较术前与对照组及CABG术前、术后各时间点间SRsys、Ssys和PSI的变化情况.结果 病例组SRsys和Ssys值较对照组显著减低.52例患者CABG术后1个月开始搭桥节段SRsys和Ssys逐渐增大,多数节段术后3个月和6个月时差异有统计学意义.病例组术前PSI较对照组明显增高,术后6个月,所有节段PSI值均明显回缩.超声检出8例患者发生术后再狭窄,其阳性预测值为75%.SRI参数法诊断室壁运动异常的敏感性高于传统的二维超声目测法,Ssys的敏感性高于SRsys.结论 SRI可定量评价左室壁局部收缩形变及同步性,动态观察CABG手术前、后局部心肌功能的变化,判定术后疗效,发现术后再狭窄.     

急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入术后早期经胸冠状动脉血流成像预测左心室收缩功能的价值

目的探讨经胸冠状动脉血流成像（TCFDI）在急性心肌梗死患者冠状动脉介入术（PCI）后早期预测左心室收缩功能恢复的应用价值。方法对急性前壁、前间壁心肌梗死PCI术成功再通前降支患者30例，术后24～48h采用TCFDI获取冠状动脉前降支中远端血流频谱，测量舒张期血流峰值速度（Vp）、平均速度（Vm）、速度时间积分（VTI）、血流减速时间（DDT）及舒张期血流速度达峰时间（T）。观测左心室室壁运动计分指数（WMSI）和射血分数（EF），然后行心肌声学造影，评价微循环再灌注。术后1个月随访，根据PCI术后1个月随访时左心室EF值将患者分为EF〈50％组和EF≥50％组，分析两组间冠状动脉血流频谱各项指标间有无差异，及冠状动脉血流频谱各项指标与PCI术后1个月左心室EF及左心室WMSI的相关性。结果左心室EF〈50％组DDT小于EF≥50％组DDT（P〈0．01），其余指标两组间差异无统计学意义。DDT与1个月时左心室EF、WMSI均呈显著相关（r=0．581，r=-0．634，P均〈0．01）。以DDT≤391ms为截断值时，预测左心室EF〈50％的敏感性为87．5％，特异性86．4％。结论TCFDI技术可以于急性前壁、前间壁心肌梗死患者成功PCI术后早期预测左心室收缩功能恢复情况。     

Left main or proximal left anterior descending coronary artery disease: detection by echocardiographic evaluation of interventricular septal function during exercise

Summary. Forty patients with coronary artery disease were studied prospectively to investigate whether stenosis of the left main (LMCA) or left anterior descending coronary artery, proximal to the first septal branch (proximal LAD), could be detected by M-mode echocardiography during exertion. The interventricular septum was visualized in 30 of the patients during bicycle exercise in the semisupine position, all with simultaneous occurrence of electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial ischaemia. Fifteen of these had LMCA or proximal LAD stenosis. Systolic motion and thickening of the septum decreased significantly from rest to peak exercise in patients with LMCA or proximal LAD disease while it increased in those without. The results suggest that M-mode echocardiography during exercise in patients with coronary artery disease might identify those with LMCA or proximal LAD stenosis.