CYP2C19基因多态性对长期服用氯吡格雷脑梗死患者卒中复发的影响

目的探讨长期服用氯吡格雷的初发脑梗死患者卒中复发与CYP2C19基因多态性的关系。方法对78例初发脑梗死后长期(≥1 y)服用氯吡格雷的患者,根据入组时是否脑梗死复发分为复发组与未复发组,通过CYP2C19基因芯片检测系统对两组患者的CYP2C19基因型进行检测。结果 78例中,复发组32例,未复发组46例。两组患者在性别、年龄、吸烟、高血压、糖尿病、血脂等的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);所检的78例共检出三种等位基因:CYP2C19*1、CYP2C19*2、CYP2C19*3,等位基因频率分别是61.54%、33.33%、5.13%。两组患者共检出6种基因型:CYP2C19*1/*1、CYP2C19*1/*2、CYP2C19*1/*3、CYP2C19*2/*2、CYP2C19*2/*3和CYP2C19*3/*3。未复发组CYP2C19*1等位基因和CYP2C19*1/*1基因型频率显著高于复发组,分别为76.1%:40.6%(P<0.01),58.7%:18.8%(P<0.001),而未复发组CYP2C19*2等位基因频率和CYP2C19*2/*2基因型频率显著低于复发组,分别为19.6%:53.1%(P<0.01),4.3%:31.3%(P<0.01),而两组其余等位基因频率和基因型频率差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论长期服用氯吡格雷的脑梗死患者卒中复发与CYP2C19基因突变有关,对于需长期服用氯吡格雷预防脑梗死复发的患者,进行CYP2C19基因型的检测是必要的。     

CYP2C19基因多态性对氯吡格雷药效的影响

氯吡格雷一种广泛应用的抗血小板聚集药物,在缺血性脑血管病二级预防中起着重要的作用。然而,在临床实践中不断发现,不同的患者对氯吡格雷的反应性差异比较大,某些患者对氯吡格雷的反应性较低或无反应,称之为氯吡格雷低反应或氯吡格雷抵抗,氯吡格雷的低反应或抵抗在缺血性脑血管病复发中起到重要的作用。参与氯吡格雷反应下降的因素有很多,包括基因的多态性(如细胞色素P450、ABCB1及P2Y12基因多态性)、药物的互相作用(质子泵抑制剂、他汀类等)、患者的依从性、Ⅱ型糖尿病、慢性肾病等,但目前机制尚未完全清楚。而CYP2C19作为细胞色素P450(CYP450)家族中一类重要的亚型,在多种药物代谢中体现出其重要性。氯吡格雷作为一种常见的抗血小板药物,其代谢也受CYP2C19基因多态性的影响,不同基因型患者对氯吡格雷的治疗反应性不同。文中就CYP2C19的几个主要基因多态性位点对氯吡格雷代谢的影响作综述。     

CYP2C19基因多态性与急性脑梗死患者氯吡格雷疗效的相关性研究

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者CYP2C19基因多态性与氯吡格雷疗效的相关性。方法采用限制性片段长度多态性PCR法对171例急性脑梗死患者进行CYP2C19基因多态性检测。所有患者给予氯吡格雷治疗2周。分别于治疗前及治疗后第1 d、第5 d进行血小板聚集率检测,于治疗前及治疗后第1周、第2周进行NIHSS和日常生活活动能力评价(ADL)评分。计算血小板聚集抑制率并进行分析。结果本组171例患者中野生型纯合子(A组)79例,均为CYP2C19*1/*1;野生型基因与突变基因杂合子(B组)71例,包括55例CYP2C19*1/*2及16例CYP2C19*1/*3;突变基因纯合子或杂合子(C组)21例,包括11例CYP2C19*2/*2、9例CYP2C19*3/*3及1例CYP2C19*2/*3。治疗后第1 d及第5 d时,3组间血小板聚集抑制率的比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。与治疗前比较,3组治疗后第1周、第2周NIHSS评分均显著降低,ADL评分均显著升高(均P0.05)。与A组比较,B组及C组治疗后第1周、第2周NIHSS评分均明显升高,ADL评分均明显降低(均P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,吸烟(OR=1.584,95%CI:1.079~2.136,P=0.004)及CYP2C19基因多态性(OR=1.837,95%CI:1.106~2.540,P=0.002)均与急性脑梗死患者血小板聚集抑制率独立相关。结论 CYP2C19基因多态性可影响急性脑梗死患者氯吡格雷治疗的疗效。     

CYP2C19基因型与复发性脑梗死患者氯吡格雷抵抗的关系研究

目的通过CYP2C19基因检测及血小板聚集率综合评估氯吡格雷抵抗,指导复发性脑梗死患者合理用药。方法对2018年1-10月就诊于嘉兴市第二医院神经内科,诊断为复发性脑梗死的患者进行CYP2C19基因测序,分别收集氯吡格雷快代谢、中代谢、慢代谢基因型患者各30例,比较3组患者年龄、性别、BMI、吸烟、高血压、糖尿病及高脂血症等一般临床资料。3组均给予常规剂量氯吡格雷75 mg/d治疗,检测患者使用氯吡格雷前及使用7 d后的血小板聚集率。根据血小板聚集抑制率判断氯吡格雷抵抗情况,分析CYP2C19基因型与患者氯吡格雷抵抗的关系。筛选出氯吡格雷抵抗者(血小板聚集抑制率10%)分至氯吡格雷抵抗组,改用西洛他唑100 mg 2次/日,氯吡格雷半反应(10%≤血小板聚集抑制率30%)及氯吡格雷敏感(血小板聚集抑制率≥30%)者分至非氯吡格雷抵抗组,继续氯吡格雷75 mg/d治疗。3个月后再次检测血小板聚集率,比较不同药物的血小板聚集抑制情况,并观察终点事件发生情况(主要终点:再发脑梗死;次要终点:脑出血和死亡)。结果最终入组患者90例,其中男性49例(54.4%),年龄40～89岁,平均年龄68.27±10.14岁。快、中、慢代谢3组糖尿病(P=0.036)和氯吡格雷抵抗发生率(P0.001)差异均有统计学意义,其中慢代谢组合并糖尿病比率高于中代谢组(P=0.010),慢代谢组氯吡格雷抵抗发生率高于快代谢组(P0.001)及中代谢组(P=0.006)。氯吡格雷抵抗组患者22例(24.4%),非氯吡格雷抵抗组患者68例(75.6%)。Logistic回归分析提示,吸烟(OR 7.792,95%CI 1.899～31.968,P=0.004)、糖尿病(OR 4.466,95%CI 1.122～17.778,P=0.034)及CYP2C19基因慢代谢(OR 13.713,95%CI 2.352～79.959,P=0.004)是复发性脑梗死患者氯吡格雷抵抗的独立危险因素。非氯吡格雷抵抗组(49.51%±4.33%vs 63.73%±7.84%,P0.001)和氯吡格雷抵抗组(55.42%±6.63%vs 76.95%±7.42%,P0.001)患者3个月后的血小板平均聚集率较7 d时均下降,差异有统计学意义。3个月后较非氯吡格雷抵抗组,氯吡格雷抵抗组血小板聚集抑制率更高(21.53%±4.30%vs 14.23%±6.90%,P0.001)。入组患者随访3个月均无终点事件发生。结论吸烟、合并糖尿病及CYP2C19慢代谢基因型是复发性脑梗死患者氯吡格雷抵抗的独立危险因素。西洛他唑能有效抑制血小板聚集,可以作为氯吡格雷抵抗的复发性脑梗死患者的替代性用药。     

ABCB1、CYP2C19、CES1基因多态性与缺血性脑卒中患者氯吡格雷抵抗及疗效的关系

目的 探讨ABCB1、CYP2C19、CES1基因多态性与缺血性脑卒中患者氯吡格雷抵抗的关系及其对临床疗效的影响.方法 选取2016年10月至2017年12月期间被诊断为缺血性脑卒中的患者90例,均给予氯吡格雷及阿司匹林双抗治疗.通过流式细胞仪检测血小板聚集率,采用焦磷酸测序法进行ABCB1 C3435T、CYP2C1...     

缺血性脑血管病患者 CYP2 C19 基因多态性的相关性研究

目的探讨缺血性脑血管病(ischemic cerebrovascular disease,ICVD)患者CYP2C19基因单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)与临床特征、治疗效果之间的关系。为脑血管疾病患者服用抗血小板药物的个体化治疗提供参考依据。方法昆明医科大学第一附属医院神经外科2015年1月—2017年4月间完善CYP2C19(*2、*3、*17)基因检测的153例患者作为研究对象。将所有患者分别按每个基因位点基因检测的结果分为突变组及非突变组,分析CYP2C19基因各位点突变与患者临床特征、缺血性脑血管病发病及服药后发生缺血事件的关系。结果本组153例患者中,男70例(45. 8%),女83例(54. 2%),平均年龄(53. 2±11. 6)岁; CYP2C19(*2、*3、*17)各位点基因型突变的频率分别为53. 6%、9. 2%及2. 0%。CYP2C19*2位点突变与非突变组患者的吸烟、饮酒比率及血胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量比较,差异均有统计学意义(P 0. 05-0. 01); CYP2C19*3位点突变与非突变组患者的血高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量的差异有统计学意义(P 0. 005)。CYP2C19 3个位点突变与与非突变组患者发生ICVD的差异均无统计学意义(均P 0. 05)。CYP2C19*2位点突变患者服药后的缺血事件发生率比非突变患者明显增加(P 0. 05)。结论患者是否患有ICVD与CYP2C19(*2、*3、*17)基因位点多态性无明显关系;抗血小板治疗后是否发生缺血性事件与CYP2C19*2基因位点突变有关。因CYP2C19*2基因的突变率较高(本组患者达53. 6%),建议患者服抗血小板药前先行基因检测,以避免可能预后不佳。     

急性缺血性脑卒中患者CYP2C 19基因分型与临床预后的相关性分析

目的探讨急性缺血性脑卒中患者CYP2C 19基因分型与临床预后的相关性。方法选取本院收治的156例应用氯吡格雷治疗的急性缺血性脑卒中患者作为研究对象,对患者进行CYP2C19*2和CYP2C19*3基因型检测,根据检测结果分为野生型组(GG)和突变型组(GA/AA)。对比两组的血小板抑制率、氯吡格雷疗效及临床预后情况。结果野生型组患者的平均血小板抑制率为(42. 42±2. 74)%,突变型组为(32. 41±2. 69)%,突变型组的平均血小板抑制率显著低于野生型组(P <0. 05)。突变型组的氯吡格雷抵抗发生率为26. 32%,显著高于野生型组的1. 25%(P <0. 05)。突变型组的预后不良发生率显著高于野生型组,卒中复发率及心脑血管不良事件总发生率也显著高于野生型组(P <0. 05)。与野生型组相比,突变型组患者随访期间累积无再发心脑血管不良事件的生存率明显更低(P <0. 05)。结论急性缺血性脑卒中患者的CYP2C 19基因分型与血小板抑制率、临床预后密切相关,携带CYP2C19突变型基因型的患者,血小板抑制率更低,氯吡格雷敏感性越差,预后不良风险越高。     

氯吡格雷抵抗在脑梗死患者中的动态观察

【摘要】
目的 探讨氯吡格雷抵抗（clopidogrel resistance,CR）在脑梗死患者中的动态变化;观察脑梗死组与高危组（脑梗死高危因素）CR发生率及血小板聚集率变化情况。
方法 收集健康对照组68例、高危组59例、脑梗死组121例,采用光比浊法分别测定入组（氯吡格雷75 mg/d）2周后的血小板聚集率;服药2周后,出现CR者换用或联合其他抗血小板药物治疗,并检测其2周后的血小板聚集率的变化;非CR的脑梗死患者维持常规治疗,观察3个月、6个月后血小板聚集率的变化。
结果 服药前,脑梗死组［（65.75±13.11）%］分别与健康对照组［（50.49±12.42）%］、高危组［（56.71±11.33）%］比较血小板聚集率,差异有显著性（t =4.534,P =0.000;t =7.829,P =0.000）;服药2周后,高危组CR发生率为13.6%（8例）,脑梗死组的发生率为29.75%（36例）,且两组患者发生CR的患者中患糖尿病比例均较高（分别为50%和41.67%）;换用或联合其他抗血小板药物治疗后,70%CR者的血小板聚集率下降>10%;服药3个月后脑梗死组未见新CR;服药6个月后脑梗死组新发CR者15例（17.65%）。
结论 脑梗死组CR发生率较高,CR在脑梗死患者中可能存在时相动态变化。     

氯吡格雷与阿司匹林治疗脑梗死的疗效观察

目的 观察氯吡格雷与阿司匹林治疗脑梗死的疗效.方法 将符合入选标准的142例患者随机分为氯吡格雷组和阿司匹林组,其中氯吡格雷组68例,阿司匹林组74例.分别于治疗前及治疗后第15、30、60和90天对患者进行欧洲脑卒中评分(ESS) 和疗效评定.结果 氯吡格雷组缺血性卒中或TIA发生率(6.25%)低于阿司匹林组(22.9%),2组间比较差异有统计学意义(P< 0.05),氯吡格雷组ESS评分高于治疗前,且高于阿司匹林组,2组间比较差异有统计学意义( P < 0.05) .结论 氯吡格雷治疗脑梗死能有效改善脑梗死患者神经功能缺损和减少再次发生缺血性卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作,是一种较好的治疗脑梗死的方法.     

脑梗死患者P2Y12与CYP2C19基因突变的临床学特征及其与氯吡格雷动态抵抗的相关性

目的本研究探讨P2Y12、CYP2C19基因突变的临床学特征、以及在脑梗死患者中P2Y12与CYP2C19基因突变与DCR发生的相关性。方法收集脑梗死患者121例,将患者分为CR组(clopidogrel resistance,CR)与NCR组(none CR,NCR),NCR分为DCR组(dynamic CR,DCR)与CNCR组(continuous NCR,CNCR),同时按是否携带P2Y12εC或CYP2C19εA,分为两组;按共存基因分为4组。分别测定所有患者服药前、给药后2 w的血小板聚集率(Platelet aggregation rate,PAR),且NCR组的患者进一步测定3 m及6 m的PAR。结果 LDL-C(OR=3.581,95%CI 2.070⁶.195,P<0.0001)为P2Y12εC的临床学特征;甘油三脂(OR=2.812,95%CI 1.4986.195,P<0.0001)为P2Y12εC的临床学特征;甘油三脂(OR=2.812,95%CI 1.498⁵.281,P=0.001)及糖化血红蛋白(OR=2.327,95%CI 1.2315.281,P=0.001)及糖化血红蛋白(OR=2.327,95%CI 1.231⁴.398,P=0.009)为CYP2Y19εA的临床学特征。在CR或DCR组,携带CYP2Y19εA和共存P2Y12εC与CYP2Y19εA的发生率高于NCR或CNCR组(P<0.05)。结论在脑梗死患者中,LDL-C是P2Y12εC的临床学特征,同样甘油三酯和糖化血红蛋白是CYP2C19εA的临床学特征,提示调节血脂代谢和控制糖尿病可能在预防DCR发生中具有积极作用。     

VASP phosphorylation and genetic polymorphism for clopidogrel resistance in Chinese patients with non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke

Background

Clopidogrel resistance(CR)is found in non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke (NCIS) patients. However, it is still largely unknown how to identify CR in NCIS patients by laboratory and genetic characteristics.

Methods

A total of 95 patients with acute NCIS were recruited. Phosphorylation of the vasodilator stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) was detected using flow cytometry, and genes(CYP2C19,CYP3A4) were detected using the Sanger method. The baseline of platelet reactivity index (BPRI) before clopidogrel treatment and the platelet reactivity index with clopidogrel treatment (CPRI) for 7 days were measured. Laboratory clopidogrel resistance (LCR) was defined as CPRI of ≥ 50%.Clinical clopidogrel resistance (CCR) was defined as the presence of progressive stroke during hospitalization, stroke recurrence or occurrence of other ischemic vascular events within 6 months.

Results

The incidence of LCR was 41.05% and 18.95% developed CCR. The incidence of LCR was significantly higher in GA/AA patients with CYP2C19 (681G > A) (χ2 = 11.16, P = 0.001) and CYP2C19 (636G > A) (χ2 = 4.829, P = 0.028) than in wildtype GG patients. CYP2C19 (681G > A) (OR 6.272, 95%CI 2.162,18.199,P = 0.001) and CYP2C19 (636G > A) (OR: 5.625,95%CI 1.439, 21.583,P = 0.013) were risk factors for LCR. patients with LCR were more likely to develop CCR (χ2 = 6.021, P = 0.014). The probability of CCR was markedly increased in GA/AA patients with CYP2C19 (681G > A) (χ2 = 10.341, P = 0.001). We identified CYP2C19 (681G > A) (OR 7.814, 95%CI 1.816, 33.618 P = 0.006), Essen score (OR 8.351, 95%CI 1.848, 37.745 P = 0.006), and LCR (OR 5.881, 95%CI 1.373, 25.192, P = 0.017) as risk factors for CCR.

Conclusion

In clinical practice,LCR and CYP2C19 gene polymorphism should be assessed in NCIS patients receiving clopidogrel treatment.The Chinese Clinical Trial Registry number: ChiCTR-ONC-13003406     

CYP2C19*2 and other genetic variants affecting platelet response to clopidogrel in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

Introduction

Information regarding any possible additional effect of genetic variants other than CYP2C19*2 on platelet reactivity in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), while on dual antiplatelet therapy, is sparse.

Materials and Methods

Genotyping for CYP2C19*2, CYP2C19*17, CYP2C9*3, CYP2B6*5, ABCB1 and P2RY12 (c.-217 + 2739 T > C) variants was performed in 146 consecutive PCI patients receiving clopidogrel. Platelet reactivity was assessed by the Verify Now P2Y12 point-of-care assay and high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HTPR) was defined as a Platelet Reactivity Unit (PRU) ≥ 235.

Results

We identified 65(44.5%) patients with HTPR and 38(26%) carriers of at least one CYP2C19*2 allele, which had higher platelet reactivity compared to non-carriers [least square (LS) mean difference 44.5, 95%CI 15.8-77.3, p = 0.003]. In the entire study population, the presence of at least one CYP2C19*2 or P2RY12 allelic variant was independently associated with HTPR (OR = 3.02, 95%CI 1.16-7.86, p = 0.023 and OR = 3.11, 95%CI 1.03-9.39, p = 0.05 respectively). In CYP2C19*2 non-carriers, carriers of at least one CYP2B6*5 allelic variant had higher platelet reactivity compared to the remainders (LS mean difference 35.6, 95%CI 3.7-67.6, p = 0.03) and the presence of at least one CYP2B6*5 or P2RY12 allelic variant was independently associated with HTPR (OR = 3.26, 95%CI 1.08-9.86, p = 0.04 and OR = 4.27, 95%CI 1.11-16.4, p = 0.04 respectively).

Conclusions

Apart from the CYP2C19*2, other genetic variants involved in clopidogrel metabolism and action like CYP2B6*5 and P2RY12 seem to have an important association with HTPR.     

缺血性脑卒中患者P选择素、溶酶体蛋白表达的变化及其临床意义

目的　探讨缺血性脑卒中患者P选择素(CD62P)、溶酶体蛋白(CD63)表达的规律及其临床意 义。方法　运用流式细胞术检测168例缺血性脑卒中患者(急性期及恢复期)及40名健康对照者CD62P、CD63 的表达,并与神经功能缺损程度评分(NDS)进行相关分析。结果　(1)缺血性脑卒中患者急性期CD62P、CD63 表达[(9.48±1.24)%、(8.36±1.18)%]显著高于其恢复期[(5.73±1.27)%、(4.21±1.20)%]及健康对 照组[(1.59±0.56)%、(0.92±0.38)%](均P<0.01),恢复期CD62P、CD63表达仍高于对照组(P<0.01); (2)缺血性脑卒中组急性期患者按牛津郡社区卒中计划分为4个亚型,CD62P、CD63表达在完全前循环梗死 (TACI)组[(16.45±1.13)%、(15.59±1.28)%]明显高于部分前循环梗死(PACI)组[(10.63±1.18)%、 (9.38±1.14)%]、后循环梗死(POCI)组[(10.54±1.14)%、(9.33±1.13)%]及腔隙性梗死(LACI)组 [(6.59±1.35)%、(5.53±1.20)%](均P<0.01),PACI组及POCI组明显高于LACI组(均P<0.01),而 PACI组及POCI组之间差异无显著性(P>0.05);(3)CD62P、CD63表达与NDS呈显著直线正相关(r=0.84、 r=0.817,均P<0.01)。结论　缺血性脑卒中患者急性期CD62P、CD63表达显著升高,可能参与了缺血性脑损 伤形成的病理过程,并间接反映其病情程度;恢复期CD62P、CD     

抑郁症患者细胞色素P4502C19基因型对阿米替林血药浓度及其去甲基代谢的影响

目的　探讨中国人的CYP2C19基因型对阿米替林血药浓度及其去甲基代谢的影响。方法　采用多聚酶链式反应和限制性片段长度多态性分析测定 5 9例汉族抑郁症患者CYP2C19的基因型。高效液相色谱紫外检测法测定阿米替林及去甲替林的稳态血浆浓度。结果　 5 9例患者检测出 4种CYP2C19基因型 :wt/wt型 (n =4 ) ,wt/m1型 (n =4 9) ,m1/m1型 (n =4 ) ,m1/m2型 (n =2 )。基因m1频率为 0 5 ,基因m2频率为 0 0 17。单位剂量阿米替林及去甲替林的稳态血药浓度有明显个体差异 ,分别相差 31倍和 2 6倍。CYP2C19不同基因型的单位剂量阿米替林浓度差异无显著性意义 (P >0 0 5 ) ;单位剂量去甲替林血浓度wt/m1型与m1/m1型相比 [(0 6 4± 0 4 4 ) μg·L-1·mg-1比 (0 18± 0 0 8) μg·L-1·mg-1) ]有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,其他分型之间比较无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。阿米替林 /去甲替林浓度比值大小依次为 :wt/wt型 1 0 5± 0 2 8,wt/m1型 1 4 5± 0 81,m1/m1型 4 5 9± 1 4 4 ;wt/wt型和wt/m1型与m1/m1型相比均有极显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ,wt/wt型与wt/m1型相比无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　在中国汉族抑郁症患者中 ,CYP2C19介导的阿米替林去甲基代谢表现出基因剂量效应倾向 ,其中m1/m1型阿米替林     

Genetic determinants of high on-treatment platelet reactivity in clopidogrel treated Chinese patients

Introduction

Cytochrome P450 (CYP), ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABCB1), and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) play crucial roles in clopidogel absorption and bioactivation. Genetic polymorphisms in these genes have been associated with the variability of the response to clopidogrel, however their contribution to high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HPR) in clopidogrel treated Chinese patients is less known.

Materials and methods

Five-hundred Chinese-Han patients treated with clopidogrel for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) were consecutively recruited from the Department of Geriatric Cardiology, General Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, from September 2010 to September 2012. We assessed the relations of CYP2C19*2 (rs4244285), CYP2C19*3 (rs4986893), CYP2C19*17 (rs12248560), PON1Q129R (rs662) and ABCB1C3435T (rs1045642) to the platelet aggregation after 5 days maintenance dose of clopidogrel administration, and the risk for HPR. The cutoff of HPR was defined as 20 μmol/L adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation > 50%.

Results

Both CYP2C19*2 and *3 alleles were significantly associated with higher platelet aggregation after 5 days maintenance dose of clopidogrel administration (P < 0.00001and P = 0.042, respectively). The platelet aggregation in carriers of at least one CYP2C19 loss-of-function allele (*2 or *3, accounted for 58% of the study population) was obviously higher than that in non-carriers (P < 0.00001). Patients with the CYP2C19*2 allele had a higher risk of HPR than those with the CYP2C19 wild-type genotype [adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 1.56; 95% confidence interval(CI), 1.04–2.33, P = 0.03]. The carriers of at least one CYP2C19 loss-of-function allele could also predict significantly greater risk of HPR compared with non-carriers (adjusted HR1.79,95% CI: 1.33–2.4,P = 0.003). However, the carriage of CYP2C19*3 alone could not predict the risk of HPR significantly (adjusted HR, 1.5; 95% CI: 0.83–3, P = 0.16). Significant relation of CYP2C19*17, PON1Q129R and ABCB1C3435T to the platelet aggregation was not found.

Conclusion

In clopidogrel treated Chinese patients with ACS, carriers of at least one CYP2C19 loss-of-function allele could predict greater risk of HPR, with the impact mainly attributing to CYP2C19*2. Neither ABCB1 nor PON1 genotype could influence the antiplatelet response of clopidogrel in the cohort of Chinese patients.     

Significant relationship between platelet activation and intra-media thickness of the carotid artery in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease

Introduction

We have studied the relationship between the ratio of activated platelets and the thickness of intima and media of the carotid artery in ischemic CVD patients in the chronic stage.

Methods

Platelet activation was assessed by means of flow cytometry of whole blood using activation-dependent monoclonal antibodies (MoAb). Forty-one MRI-proven normative subjects and 55 patients with a history of ischemic CVD were examined. The intima-media thickness of the carotid artery was measured by using B-mode ultrasound in all subjects.

Results

The appearance rates of PAC-1-positive and CD62P-positive platelets (%) were increased in ischemic CVD patients compared with those in controls (p < 0.0001, p < 0.001, respectively) The patients and controls were divided into those with atherosclerosis (Ath+), defined as intima-media thickness 1.1 mm, and those without (Ath−). There was no significant difference of PAC-1-positive platelets between the Ath− and Ath+ subgroups in either group, but there was increase in Ath− ischemic CVD patients versus Ath− control subjects (p < 0.01), and in Ath+ patients versus Ath+ controls (p < 0.05). CD62-positive platelets in the Ath+ subgroup were significantly increased versus the Ath− subgroup in both the controls (p < 0.001) and ischemic CVD patients (p < 0.05), and there was also an increase in Ath− patients versus Ath− controls (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Platelet activation markers were increased in patients with ischemic CVD compared with controls. A significant relationship was found between increased CD62-P-positive platelets and carotid artery abnormalities in both controls and ischemic CVD patients, suggesting that platelet activation may be a potential marker for atherosclerosis.