完全型房室间隔缺损的外科治疗

目的　总结完全型房室间隔缺损外科治疗的经验。方法　16例完全性房室间隔缺损患儿,平均年龄(1.2±0 .9)岁,平均体重(6.8±3 )kg。其中10例伴有Down综合征,1例合并法洛四联征。术前超声心动图显示房室瓣轻度反流12例,中度反流3例,重度反流1例。行单片法修补10例,双片法修补6例。结果　术后恢复顺利,无围手术期死亡。除1例患儿于出院4个月后因肺部感染合并心衰死亡外,余随访0 .3～5 .2年,经超声心动图检查显示房室瓣功能良好,未见明显反流。结论　完全型房室间隔缺损患者早诊断,早手术,可获良好疗效。     

房室间隔缺损矫治术后左侧房室瓣反流的外科治疗

目的为提高房室间隔缺损修补术后左侧房室瓣反流的外科治疗效果,探讨其瓣膜的病理改变、手术方法的选择,总结围手术期处理经验。方法回顾分析上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院1995年1月至2009年12月收治29例房室间隔缺损矫治术后左侧房室瓣反流患者的临床资料,其中男16例,女13例;年龄4~62岁,平均年龄26.5岁;术前心功能分级（NYHA）Ⅱ级10例,Ⅲ级17例,Ⅳ级2例;曾行部分性房室间隔缺损矫治术18例,完全性房室间隔缺损矫治术11例;再次手术行心瓣膜修复术17例,心瓣膜置换术12例。结果手术后早期因多器官功能衰竭死亡1例;1例患者行心瓣膜置换术后发生永久性Ⅲ°房室传导阻滞而安装永久心脏起搏器,1例4岁患者行心瓣膜置换术后不能撤离体外循环而行左心辅助56 h后痊愈出院。术后随访25例,失访3例,均为行瓣膜修复患者;术后随访6个月~14年,平均8.2年;随访14例心瓣膜修复患者,左侧房室瓣前向血流均无明显加快,10例左侧房室瓣轻微或轻度反流,1例中度反流,3例分别于再次手术后10 d、3年和6年再发左侧房室瓣重度反流,最终行心瓣膜置换术;25例患者术后心功能明显改善,Ⅰ级17例、Ⅱ级6例、Ⅲ级2例;胸部X线片示：心影较术前明显缩小,心胸比率0.53~0.67（0.60±0.11）;未发现远期死亡。结论对房室间隔缺损矫治术后再发生的左侧房室瓣反流,进行及时的手术治疗,选择恰当的手术方式,能取得满意的近期和远期疗效。     

超适龄完全房室间隔缺损外科治疗的临床分析

目的 总结超过手术建议年龄的完全房室间隔缺损(complete atrioventricular septal defect,CAVSD)患儿外科治疗的效果及经验.方法 回顾性分析2002～ 2013年163例7周岁以下单纯CAVSD患儿的临床资料,根据是否＞1周岁分为适龄组[n=84,其中男37例、女46例,平均年龄...     

房室间隔缺损合并左室流出道狭窄的外科治疗单中心临床结果北大核心CSCD

目的探讨房室间隔缺损合并左室流出道狭窄的解剖特点与外科治疗策略。方法回顾性分析2008~2019年11例于我院行房室间隔缺损合并左室流出道狭窄外科手术患者的临床资料,包括初次和再次手术患者,其中男6例、女5例,中位年龄15.0(7.6,22.0)岁。结果完全型房室间隔缺损3例,部分型房室间隔缺损8例。狭窄原因包括3例瓣下隔膜,4例狭窄纤维环并瓣下隔膜,3例肥厚肌束,1例瓣架结构变形。初次手术患者5例,再次手术患者5例,第3次手术患者1例。无住院死亡病例。与术前相比,术后左室流出道流速显著降低[449.0(393.0,507.5)cm/s vs.212.0(183.0,253.5)cm/s,P<0.05]。结论房室间隔缺损合并左室流出道狭窄手术治疗效果满意,但需长期随访关注再狭窄问题。     

完全性房室隔缺损的外科治疗

目的 总结完全性房室隔缺损的手术方法和临床经验，以提高手术疗效。方法 27例完全性房室隔缺损患者，年龄88天～24岁。合并右心室双出口、肺动脉瓣狭窄和镜像右位心1例，动脉导管未闭1例，继发孔型房间隔缺损1例，左上腔静脉残留2例，重度肺动脉高压13例，中度肺动脉高压14例。手术均采用双补片法修补，室间隔缺损采用Gore—Tex补片修补，房间隔缺损采用自体心包补片修补。结果 术后早期死亡2例，其中1例死于脑出血，1例死于右侧心力衰竭。所有患者术后均为窦性心律，无完全性房室传导阻滞。随访23例，随访时间2个月～10年，均为窦性心律，无死亡。复查心脏彩色超声心动图提示：二尖瓣轻度反流6例，中度反流2例，心功能均较术前增强。结论 完全性房室隔缺损患者早期行手术治疗，防止肺血管阻塞性病变的发生、发展，术中注意防止左心室流出道狭窄，矫治二尖瓣反流是提高手术疗效的关键。     

肺动脉闭锁合并室间隔缺损的外科治疗策略

肺动脉闭锁(PA)合并室间隔缺损(VSD)是一种复杂先天性心脏病。由于对体肺侧枝胚胎、解剖及病理生理基础尚未完全了解,其导致的患者异质性使肺动脉闭锁合并室间隔缺损伴或不伴主-肺动脉大侧枝血管形成(MAPCA)的外科分型治疗策略一直没有统一,且手术治疗效果不尽如人意,在合并MAPCA的类型中表现尤为突出。自肺动脉融合术发明以来,该领域的外科技术发展日新月异,在知识与理念的不断更新中,治疗效果有了长足的进步,但仍有很大的提升空间。在此,对肺动脉闭锁合并室间隔缺损外科分型、手术策略、手术方式及手术相关问题的历史、现状和进展进行综述。     

婴幼儿室间隔缺损伴肺动脉高压的外科治疗

1998年10月至2002年2月，我们共手术治疗婴幼儿室间隔缺损伴肺动脉高压32例，取得了满意的治疗效果，现报道如下。     

室间隔缺损合并动脉导管未闭的外科治疗

婴幼儿室间隔缺损 (ＶＳＤ)合并动脉导管未闭 (ＰＤＡ)的发生率为 6 % 〔1〕。 1999年以来 ,我们共收治 84例ＶＳＤ合并ＰＤＡ的婴幼儿 ,均经外科治疗。现对诊断中存在的问题、手术病例的选择及手术方法进行讨论如下。临床资料　全组 84例中男 4 5例 ,女 39例。年龄 2个月～ 3岁。体重 3 6～ 14 0ｋｇ。合并肺动脉瓣狭窄 (ＰＳ) 11例 ,房间隔缺损 (ＡＳＤ)或卵圆孔未闭 (ＰＦＯ) 8例 ,主动脉缩窄(ＣＯＡ) 6例 ,二尖瓣反流 (ＭＲ)、三尖瓣反流 (ＴＲ)各 2例。病儿均有活动后心悸、气短症状。查体 :胸骨左缘 2～ 3肋间闻及连续性机器样心脏杂…     

房室间隔缺损介入封堵治疗后并发症的手术治疗

我们收治3例房、室间隔缺损经介入治疗后出现严重并发症的病人，行外科手术治疗取得了良好的效果。     

房室隔缺损的外科治疗

目的总结手术治疗房室间隔缺损的经验.方法回顾1991年5月至2002年9月接受手术修补的30例房室隔缺损患者的病例资料,其中部分型23例,完全型5例,过渡型2例,分别行房、室间隔缺损补片修补术,二尖瓣和/或三尖瓣缝合矫治术.结果术后死亡2例,1例为肺动脉高压,死于重度低心排血量综合征；另1例术后7天死于颅内出血.安置永久性心脏起搏器1例,长期存活28例,随访9个月～12年,临床效果良好.结论充分认识房室隔缺损的传导组织解剖特点,是防止心脏传导阻滞的基础,根据瓣膜畸形的特点决定手术方法是提高手术效果的关键.     

部分型房室管畸形的外科治疗

目的探讨部分型房室管畸形的外科治疗方法。方法在52例部分型房室管畸形中,以自体心包修补、缝合瓣裂、乳头肌劈开及延长等方法矫正房室瓣关闭不全,分别采用Kirklin法和McGoon法修复原发房间隔缺损(PASD)42例、10例。结果手术死亡率3.8%,McGoon方法修补组发生Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞30%(3/10),而Kirklin法则无一例发生。47例术后随访2个月～22年,远期死亡率2.2%,5例心脏听诊心尖区可闻SMⅡ/6级,2例Ⅱ～Ⅲ/6级。结论根据二尖瓣畸形的病变解剖差异,选择个体化处理方法;用Kirklin法修复PASD比较安全。     

完全性房室间隔缺损的外科治疗

目的回顾性总结手术治疗完全性房室间隔缺损的经验。方法112例病儿,≤6个月43例(38%,X组),>6个月69例(62%,Y组)。85例行心导管检查。Rastelli A型89例,Rastelli B型10例,Ras- telli C型13例。手术技术分单片法,双片法和简化单片法。术中经食管超声检查发现异常而即刻再次手术者7例(二尖瓣反流4例,二尖瓣狭窄2例,左室流出道梗阻1例)。术后入重症监护室,左房压8～21 mm Hg,中心静脉压7～12mm Hg。呼吸机平均应用47h,监护室平均滞留6.3d。结果室间隔缺损残余分流(直径>2mm)13例,二尖瓣中度反流12例,完全性房室传导阻滞4例。院内死亡6例(X组1例,Y组5例)。术后随访91例(81%),随访1～5年,平均2.3年。1例术后1年因肺炎心衰死亡,1例术后2年因二尖瓣中-重度反流而换瓣。结论院内死亡率提示,小于6月龄完全性房室间隔缺损病婴手术是安全的。随着年龄增大,瓣膜成形效果、肺动脉高压的预后可能会更差。双片法修补室间隔缺损较易发生残余漏(9例,18%),简化单片法出院时二尖瓣关闭不全发生率明显高于另外两种方法(6例,16%)。     

Surgical repair of complete atrioventricular septal defect.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to assess the outcome of complete atrioventricular septal defect repair from 1981 to 2000. METHODS: One hundred seventy-two consecutive patients with atrioventricular septal defect were operated on by a single surgeon using a consistent operative technique (single patch; "cleft" closure). The patients' age range was from 5 weeks to 9 years (mean, 10.8 +/- 1.2 months). RESULTS: Overall operative mortality was 15 of 172 (8.7%) and this decreased significantly from 12 of 73 (16.4%) in the first decade to 3 of 99 (3.0%) in the second decade (p = 0.0021) with no operative deaths in the last 51 patients. Operative mortality was related to decade of operation (p = 0.0021) and to use of crystalloid cardioplegia (p = 0.0047) by univariate analysis, and to decade of operation (p = 0.0016) and postoperative time on ventilator (p = 0.0023) by multivariate analysis. Actuarial long-term survival including operative deaths was 79.0% +/- 3.8% at 15 years. Ten of 157 (6.4%) operative survivors have undergone reoperation for late mitral regurgitation (9 mitral valve repair, 1 mitral valve replacement) with one death. Four of 8 patients surviving late mitral valve replacement have subsequently required mitral valve repair. Freedom from late reoperation for severe mitral regurgitation was 89.9% +/- 3.1% at 15 years. Freedom from late reoperation for mitral regurgitation did not decrease in the second decade (84.2% +/- 6.6% at 10 years) versus the first decade (94.5% +/- 3.1%) (p = 0.0679). CONCLUSIONS: Although operative mortality for repair of atrioventricular septal defect has decreased dramatically during the past decade, the incidence of late reoperation for mitral regurgitation has not improved, and better techniques to eliminate late mitral regurgitation are needed.     

Surgical treatment of complete atrioventricular septal defect with the two-patch technique: early-to-mid follow-up

We report our results on surgical treatment of complete atrioventricular septal defects using the two-patch technique. Forty patients with complete atrioventricular septal defects were operated on in the period from November 1995 to January 2004 and retrospectively analyzed. The age at the time of surgery ranged from 4 months to 20 years (average=18.8+/-37 months). Their weights ranged from 3 to 39 kg (average=7.6+/-5.8 kg). Associated tetralogy of Fallot was present in 20% of the cases (8 patients). Monitoring was complete until January 2007, corresponding to a follow-up ranging from 36 to 135 months (average=74+/-33.7 months). The surgical mortality rate was 2.5% and the hospital mortality rate was 5%. A third patient died from a brain abscess two years after surgery. Over the long-term, two patients needed further operations: one was submitted to mitral plasty due to severe residual mitral insufficiency, one year later; the other underwent a resection of a sub-aortic membrane after three years. Differences were evaluated using the Student-t or Mann-Whitney tests. Surgical treatment of complete atrioventricular septal defect using the two-patch technique results in low morbidity and mortality in early-to-mid term follow-up.     

主-肺动脉间隔缺损的外科治疗

目的探讨主肺动脉间隔缺损的外科治疗。方法１９８３年１月至１９９６年１２月间,手术治疗主肺动脉间隔缺损患者５例,其中男２例,女３例;年龄６～３４岁（平均１７４岁）。按Ｍｏｒｉ分型：Ⅰ型２例,Ⅱ型２例,Ⅲ型１例。缺损直径１０～３０ｃｍ。手术均在全身麻醉、中度低温、体外循环下进行。３例经肺动脉切口,２例经主动脉切口,以绦纶毡片修补。结果５例均痊愈出院,术后随访１０个月～１２年,情况良好。结论本病确诊后应尽早手术,手术方法宜采用体外循环下修补,主动脉切口优于肺动脉切口,以补片修补可防止大血管腔狭窄及术后再通     

Surgical treatment of atrioventricular canal defect.

Fifty-nine patients with congenital anomalies of the atrioventricular canal underwent operation and all survivors were followed up. In 42 patients with partial atrioventricular canal defects, ten had preoperative congestive heart failure. Three, or 7.1%, died of endomyocardial fibroelastosis, high pulmonary vascular resistance, and severe mitral regurgitation. A fourth patient later died of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and fibrilation. Reoperations in five patients were all successful. No patients had persistent atrioventricular blocks, and all patients are asymptomatic. Two of these subjects continue to receive digoxin therapy, and one of them is believed to have substantial mitral insufficiency. Of the 17 patients who had complete atrioventricular canal defects, 13 had a divided common anterior leaflet attached to the septum by chordae tendineae, and four had undivided and unattached anterior leaflets. Two had previously undergone pulmonary banding, and nine were treated for congestive heart failure. Six died after operation. There were no reoperations. No patient presently has required a pacemaker. Two subjects have persistent cardiomegaly.     

法洛四联症合并完全性房室间隔缺损的手术治疗

目的 总结并探讨法洛四联症合并完全性房室间隔缺损(TOF-CAVC)的外科治疗方式及时机.方法 2007年6月至2012年4月,11例TOF-CAVC患儿行双心室或部分双心室修补,男6例,女5例;年龄5 ～32个月.手术经右心房或右心室流出道纵切口,采用“双片法”修补房室通道,其中8例通过单一的右心房切口修补室间隔缺损.所有患儿均行右心室流出道-肺动脉扩大补片修补手术,其中7例由于肺动脉瓣发育欠佳需跨瓣修补,1例用带单瓣的心包补片扩大右室流出道,3例未跨瓣修补.结果 手术死亡1例,术后第2天死于严重低心排出量综合征.1例术后6个月死于肺炎、心力衰竭.生存9例术后均有效随访,随访3～60个月.根据Kaplan-Meier生存曲线,5年生存率为79.5％.术后3个月,2例患儿分别出现右心室流出道及肺动脉分支梗阻,2例残余房间隔缺损0.2 ～0.3 cm,1例心室水平残余细丝分流,患儿均无明显临床症状.随访期间所有生存患儿心功能Ⅰ～Ⅱ级.结论 法洛四联症合并完全性房室间隔缺损近期疗效肯定,采用双片法通过单一的右心房切口修补房室通道时,术中的精细操作是手术成功与否的关键.