产妇产程活跃期注射山莨菪碱以及安定对产妇与胎儿的影响分析

目的：探讨产程活跃期对产妇进行静脉注射安定以及山莨菪碱对产妇以及胎儿分娩的影响。方法120例分娩的产妇按照入院时间的单双日进行分组,分成对照组与治疗组,各60例,对照组采用常规处理,治疗组在产程活跃期静脉注入安定以及山莨菪碱各100 mg,观察两组产妇的临床效果。结果治疗组产妇的宫颈扩张速度明显快于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论产程活跃期对产妇静脉注射山莨菪碱以及安定能够明显加快产妇的产程,并且出血量未见增加,安全有效,值得临床应用推广。     

视频脑电图在儿童心因性发作性疾病诊断上的应用

目的探讨视频脑电图（Video-EEG）对儿童心因性发作性疾病诊断价值。方法36例经Video-EEG监测后诊断为儿童心因性发作的患儿，对其临床资料作回顾性分析。结果在Video-EEG监测期间36例患儿均至少有一次临床发作，同步脑电图记录未见癫痫波发放，结合病史诊断为儿童心因性发作。结论Video-EEG在儿童心因性发作性疾病诊断上有重要意义。     

产程活跃期静脉注射安定及山莨菪碱对产妇产程与新生儿的影响

目的：探讨产程活跃期静脉注射安定及山莨菪碱对产妇产程与新生儿结局的影响。方法150例分娩产妇,随机将其分为观察组与对照组,每组75例,对照组采用基础处理方法,观察组采用基础处理,当处于产程活跃期时给予安定与山莨菪碱各12 mg进行静脉推注,比较两组的产妇产程、新生儿结局。结果经过处理后得知,处于活跃期时,观察组宫颈扩张速度比对照组明显较快,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,两组产妇产后无出现出血量增加情况。结论对于产程活跃期初产妇,采用山莨菪碱、安定进行静脉注射,可有效改善宫颈扩张,降低分娩风险,确保新生儿健康出生,值得临床推广应用。     

产程活跃期静注安定及山莨菪碱对产妇产程与新生儿结局的影响

目的临床分析产程活跃期静注安定及山莨菪碱对产妇产程与新生儿结局的影响。方法选取我院2011年3月至2012年3月收治的200例分娩头位初产妇,按照随机分配的方法,将其分为研究组与对照组,每组100例,对照组给予常规处理,研究组在常规处理基础上,在产程活跃期选择10mg安定、10mg山莨菪碱静注,对比两组的临床效果。结果研究组活跃期的宫颈扩张速度明显快于对照组,两组对比存在显著性差异,产后出血量未增加。结论针对产程中活跃期初产妇,给予安定与山莨菪碱静注,具有安全、有效等优点,可取得良好效果,值得临床推广应用。     

儿童发作性睡病的临床与视频脑电图特征

目的 探讨小儿发作性睡病的临床与视频脑电图特征。方法 对15例发作性睡病患儿进行睡眠脑电图监测，结合临床特点予以诊断，采用利他林治疗。结果 15例患儿均有过度或发作性的白日睡眠，7例伴猝倒，3例出现睡眠瘫痪，4例出现睡眠幻觉，3例伴有自动样行为。睡眠脑电图监测显示12例平均睡眠潜伏期〈5min，有2次或2次以上直接进入快速眼动相睡眠。经过治疗，有10例白天过度睡眠改善。结论 视频脑电图有助于发作性睡病的诊断。利他林治疗有确切疗效。     

异丙酚对兔定量药物脑电图α_2频段的双相作用

目的观察异丙酚对家兔定量药物脑电图(QPEEG)α2频段的影响。方法应用QPEEG,采用功率谱分析法,分析兔静脉注射异丙酚前后脑电活动的变化。结果与给药前相比,异丙酚2.5mg/kg时,对α2频段的功率百分比无明显影响(P>0.05);5mg/kg时,各脑区α2频段的功率百分比在给药后升高(P<0.05);10mg/kg时使各脑区α2频段功率百分比较给药前及前两个剂量组均下降(除左右顶区与2.5mg/kg组差异无统计学意义,其余P<0.05)。以上变化以额、颞区最为明显。结论异丙酚对兔QPEEGα2频段的功率百分比的影响呈双向型,提示α2频段可能成为反映异丙酚麻醉深度的指标。     

奥卡西平和卡马西平对成人部分性癫痫认知功能及脑电图的影响

目的比较奥卡西平和卡马西平对成人部分性癫痫患者认知功能及脑电图的影响。方法符合诊断标准的成人部分性癫痫患者,随机分为卡马西平治疗组(n=64)和奥卡西平组(n=92),进行单药治疗。分别于治疗前及治疗后6个月行认知功能测评及长程视频脑电图(VEEG)检查。分析2组治疗前后认知功能及脑电图的变化。结果部分性癫痫患者经奥卡西平或卡马西平单药治疗6个月后,韦氏成人智力量测评提示奥卡西平组认知功能较治疗前有所改善,卡马西平组治疗前后变化不明显;脑电图检查示治疗6个月后,奥卡西平组有73.9%的患者癫痫样放电减少超过50%,卡马西平组只占53.1%,2组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);卡马西平组治疗后α功率值较治疗前显著降低(P<0.05),θ功率值显著增加(P<0.05),奥卡西平组治疗前后α功率值无明显改变(P>0.05),θ功率值明显增加(P<0.05)。结论奥卡西平与卡马西平相比,对成人部分性癫痫患者认知功能改善更明显,对痫样放电的抑制作用较强,且对脑电背景活动影响较小     

兔侧脑室注入去甲肾上腺素和5-羟色胺对体感诱发电位的影响

兔硬脑膜外记录icy时,单胺递质及NE受体阻断剂对清醒免正中神经体感诱发电位(SEP)的影响。NE和5-HT均可引起P-(12)和N_(15)峰潜伏期延长,振幅降低,Tol和Pro可分别增强和减弱NE的作用,单独icv Tol亦出现P_7,N_9,P_(12)和N_(15)峰潜伏期延长,振幅降低,结果提示,NE对SEP抑制效应主要由α受体介导。     

Noncompetitive antagonism of morphine analgesia by diazepam in the formalin test

The effects of diazepam on morphine analgesia dose effect curves in the formalin test and in two forms of the tail flick test were examined. In one form of the tail flick test the animals were restrained in wire restrainers (a stressful procedure) while in the other they were left free and briefly handheld for testing. Morphine analgesia in the restrained form of the test is known to depend on raphe magnus 5HT projections to the spinal cord while the other tests do not involve this system. Diazepam (0.2 and 1.0 mg/kg) noncompetitively antagonized morphine analgesia in the formalin test but had no effect on morphine analgesia in the tail flick test. It is concluded that diazepam does not antagonize morphine analgesia through its antianxiety action reducing the serotonergic response to stress. It is suggested that the sensitivity of the formalin test to diazepam antagonism of morphine analgesia may be of clinical significance since formalin test pain resembles postoperative pain in humans.     

Muscle relaxation induced in the rabbit by intracerebroventricular taurine injection

Summary Taurine, given intracerebroventricularly to the conscious unrestrained rabbit, causes hypothermia and a reduction in skeletal muscle tone. Evidence has been produced that the latter effect is of a central, supraspinal origin.Presented in part before the International Society for Neurochemistry-Satellite Symposium on New first and second mesengers, Brescia (Italy), August 28–30, 1975     

Convulsive syndrome induced by the intracerebroventricular injection of alpha-difluoromethylornithine in rats

In adult rats, the intracerebroventricular injection of alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a polyamine antimetabolite which specifically inhibits ornithine-decarboxylase, induces a typical convulsive syndrome (ED50 = 100 micrograms/rat) and death (LD50 = 300 micrograms/rat). Histological lesions are seen only with the highest doses and are essentially restricted to the Ammon's horn neurones. Since DFMO is currently undergoing clinical trials for use in cancer chemotherapy, including brain tumours, its CNS toxicity should be carefully considered.     

Different distribution of morphine and morphine-6 beta-glucuronide after intracerebroventricular injection in rats

(1) We investigated the distribution of morphine and morphine-6beta-glucuronide (M6G) in the brain and spinal cord after intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of each drug in rats. (2) The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentration of M6G was 5-37 times greater than that of morphine 10, 60 and 120 min after the i.c.v. injection. The apparent elimination clearance of M6G from the CSF was 10 times lower than that of morphine. (3) The intrathecal CSF concentration of M6G measured by the microdialysis method was 29-79 times greater than that of morphine, and M6G was rapidly distributed into the intrathecal space after the i.c.v. injection. (4) M6G was detected in the cerebrum, brainstem, cerebellum and spinal cord at concentrations 2-21 times higher than morphine after the i.c.v. injection of each drug. The distribution volume of M6G in rat brain slices was three times lower than that of morphine, and close to the extracellular fluid space in the brain regions corresponding to the vicinity of the opioid receptors. (5) These brain distribution characteristics of M6G, namely, low clearance from the central nervous system, localization in the extracellular fluid and rapid distribution into the intrathecal space, may contribute to the potent analgesic effect of M6G after i.c.v. injection.     

Cardiac arrest and possible seizure activity after vincristine injection

Purpose A case of cardiac arrest and possible seizure activity after vincristine injection in a child is reported. Summary A two-year-old African-American girl with stage IV hepatoblastoma arrived at a clinic to receive her fourth dose of vincristine as part of standard induction therapy. The patient had tolerated her first three doses of vincristine sulfate 0.7 mg (1.5 mg/m(2)) i.v. without any adverse events. Laboratory tests, including a comprehensive metabolic panel, conducted before chemotherapy administration were unremarkable. Shortly after the administration of vincristine, the patient experienced tonic extension of all four extremities and upward sustained deviation of the eyes. The patient then became limp and exhibited perioral cyanosis. Further evaluation revealed a lack of central pulses and a heartbeat. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was begun with chest compressions and positive-pressure ventilation via a bag-mask device. After approximately 45 seconds, her pulses returned, and perioral cyanosis resolved. She was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit for further evaluation. Her serum electrolyte, glucose, and ammonia concentrations were within normal limits. No yeast or bacteria were isolated from the patient's blood. No contributing cardiac or neurologic factors were identified. The patient recovered without sequelae and was discharged after 72 hours. Subsequent doses of vincristine were administered with no adverse events, and the patient successfully completed her treatment regimen. Conclusion A two-year-old girl with hepatoblastoma had seizurelike activity and cardiac arrest shortly after receiving i.v. vincristine. She received multiple doses of the drug before and after this event without a similar reaction. No contributing factors for the one-time event were identified.     

山莨菪碱对地西泮小鼠催眠和镇痛作用的影响

目的观察山莨菪碱对地西泮催眠和镇痛作用的影响。方法用翻正反射法观察山莨菪碱对地西泮小鼠睡眠时间的影响;用甩尾法实验观察山莨菪碱对地西泮小鼠甩尾潜伏期的影响。结果在翻正反射实验中,山莨菪碱可缩短地西泮小鼠的睡眠时间(P<0.05);在甩尾法实验中,山莨菪碱对地西泮小鼠的甩尾潜伏期无影响(P>0.05),但二者合用有协同镇痛的趋势。结论山莨菪碱可缩短地西泮的睡眠时间;山莨菪碱与地西泮合用有协同镇痛的趋势。     

Selective antagonism of isolation-induced aggression in mice by diazepam following chronic administration

Benzodiazepines are non-selective (i.e., they only inhibit aggression at doses producing concurrent neuromuscular impairment) antagonists of isolation-induced aggression in mice following acute administration. However, in the present study diazepam was shown to be a selective antagonist of fighting in isolated mice following chronic administration for 5 days. When administered chronically, selective tolerance rapidly developed to the general CNS depression produced by diazepam whereas the antifighting activity was not diminished and, in fact, tended to be enhanced following multiple drug administrations. Thus, the antagonism of fighting in isolated mice by diazepam does not appear to be due solely to general CNS depressant properties.