硫氢化钠抑制人巨噬细胞炎性因子的分泌

目的 探讨硫化氢(H2S)在人巨噬细胞炎性因子分泌中的调节作用,以深入了解H2S拮抗动脉粥样硬化的分子机制.方法 体外培养人单核细胞系THP-1细胞,经100 nmol/L佛波酯(PMA)作用24 h后使其分化为人巨噬细胞.而后将人巨噬细胞随机分为4组:对照组、氧化性低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL) 50 mg/L组、ox-LDL+硫氢化钠(NaHS) 100及500 μmol/L干预组.对照组细胞未经ox-LDL及NaHS诱导;ox-LDL组细胞经终浓度为50 mg/Lox-LDL诱导;ox-LDL+ NaHS 100μmol/L干预组细胞经终浓度为50 mg/L ox-LDL及100μmol/L NaHS共同诱导;ox-LDL+ NaHS 500 μmol/L干预组细胞经终浓度为50 mg/L ox-LDL及500μmoL/L NaHS共同诱导.各组细胞均培养48 h后收集上清,ELISA法检测细胞上清液中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α),巨噬细胞迁移抑制因子(MIF)及白细胞介素-10(IL-10)水平.结果 与对照组相比,促炎因子TNF-α、MIF水平在ox-LDL组显著升高(P＜0.05),而抗炎因子IL-10水平显著降低(P＜0.05);与ox-LDL组相比,TNF-α、MIF水平在ox-LDL+ NaHS 100及500μmol/L干预组明显下降(P＜0.05),而IL-10水平明显升高(P＜0.05).结论 NaHS显著抑制ox-LDL刺激的促炎因子MIF、TNF-α的分泌,而促进抗炎因子IL-10的分泌.     

右美托咪定对大鼠脑创伤后炎症反应及认知功能的影响

目的 观察右美托咪定对大鼠脑创伤后炎症反应及认知功能的影响。方法 将20只成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为实验对照（CON）组和右美托咪定（DEX）组,各10只。应用可控皮层撞击法制备大鼠颅脑外伤模型。DEX组大鼠清醒后即可腹腔注射右美托咪定100 μg/kg,对照组不予处理,两组大鼠分别在创伤后6 h、24 h、72 h采用ELISA法对其血清TNF-α、IL-6及IL-1β水平进行检测,并进行新物体识别测试。结果 两组血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β水平在脑创伤6 h、24 h、72 h比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,两组TNF-α、IL-6水平在24 h下降,并于72 h再次升高,且CON组高于DEX组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组IL-1β水平在24 h、72 h时升高,且CON组高于DEX组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;各个时间点两组大鼠新物体识别测试结果比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 右美托咪定可减轻大鼠脑创伤后炎症反应,是否影响恢复期认知功能还需进一步观察。     

酪氨酸激酶抑制剂A771726阻断IL-13对成纤维细胞的促胶原合成作用

目的:观察酪氨酸激酶抑制剂A77 1726对白细胞介素13(IL-13)促成纤维细胞胶原合成作用的影响.方法:MTF法观察不同浓度的A77 1726对成纤维细胞的增殖作用的影响.成纤维细胞分为实验组和实验对照组,实验对照组加入IL-13(100 μg/L),实验组加入A77 1726(50 μmol/L)和IL-13(100μg/L),作用24、48、72 h后,羟脯氨酸(Hyp)检测A77 1726对IL-13促进成纤维细胞分泌胶原蛋白的影响,RTPCR观察A77 1726对IL-13促进成纤维细胞Ⅰ型胶原α1基因mRNA水平表达的影响,Western blot观察A77 1726对IL-13促进成纤维细胞分泌Ⅰ型胶原蛋白的影响.结果:A77 1726可抑制成纤维细胞的增殖.羟脯氨酸检测实验组48 h组和72 h组成纤维细胞分泌胶原蛋白的含量显著低于实验对照组(P＜0.05),RT-PCR观察到实验组48 h组和72 h组成纤维细胞Ⅰ型胶原α1基因(COLIA1)mRNA表达水平显著低于实验对照组(P＜0.05),Western blot观察到实验组48 h组和72 h组成纤维细胞分泌Ⅰ型胶原蛋白的水平显著低于空白对照组(P＜0.05).结论:酪氨酸酶抑制剂A77 1726阻断IL-13对成纤维细胞的促胶原蛋白合成作用,阻断IL-13促成纤维细胞Ⅰ型胶原α1基因mRNA水平和蛋白水平的表达.     

地塞米松诱导NK-92MI细胞株凋亡机制的研究

目的:探讨地塞米松(DEX)对NK-92MI细胞株杀伤活性及凋亡的影响及机制.方法:用不同浓度的DEX处理NK-92MI细胞:采用MTT比色法测定NK-92MI细胞的增殖率和对靶细胞的杀伤作用;流式细胞术检测NK-92MI细胞凋亡率;RT-PCR 检测凋亡相关基因Bcl-2、Bax的表达.结果:浓度为1×10-8mol/L至1×10-3mol/L的DEX作用NK-92MI细胞24、48、72小时后,对其增殖均有明显抑制作用(P<0.05);效靶比为5∶1时,1×10-8mol/L至1×10-3mol/L的DEX对NK-92MI细胞杀伤活性均有抑制作用,与对照组相比有显著性差异(P＜0.05);DEX可诱导NK-92MI细胞发生凋亡且凋亡诱导作用呈浓度时间依赖性;与对照组相比,DEX组Bcl-2基因表达降低(P＜0.05),Bax基因表达增高(P＜0.01).结论:DEX可以抑制NK-92MI细胞增殖并且降低其杀伤活性,机制可能是通过诱导NK-92MI细胞凋亡,而后者与Bax/Bcl-2基因表达增高有关.     

地塞米松对烟草烟雾刺激的人巨噬细胞沉默信息调节因子1 表达影响的实验研究

目的:探讨地塞米松(DEX)对烟草烟雾提取物(CSE)刺激的人巨噬细胞中沉默信息调节因子1(SIRT1)表达的影响及其机制。方法:体外培养人类单核细胞系U937细胞,用佛波酯将其诱导分化为人巨噬细胞,将细胞分为5组:对照组(Control)、CSE组(CSE)、地塞米松组(DEX)、烟酰胺组(NAM)、吡咯烷二硫氨基甲酸组(PDTC)。CSE组用1%浓度烟草烟雾提取物刺激24 h;地塞米松组用10-6mol/L地塞米松预处理24 h后,用1%浓度CSE刺激24 h;烟酰胺组20 mmol/L浓度烟酰胺孵育24 h;吡咯烷二硫氨基甲酸组用20 nmol/L浓度吡咯烷二硫氨基甲酸孵育24 h。处理后分别用荧光酶标仪检测各组细胞ROS释放水平,ELISA试剂盒检测细胞上清液IL-6的浓度;蛋白印迹实验(Western blot)检测SIRT1和NF-κB蛋白表达。结果:烟草烟雾引起人巨噬细胞释放ROS增加(P 0. 01),促进IL-6释放(P 0. 01),抑制细胞中SIRT1表达以及促进转录因子NF-κB蛋白表达(P 0. 01)。DEX可抑制烟草烟雾诱导的人巨噬细胞上清中IL-6的含量(P 0. 01),降低烟草烟雾暴露引起的人巨噬细胞内ROS释放(P 0. 01);下调烟草烟雾诱导的人巨噬细胞NF-κB的表达(P 0. 01),增强烟草烟雾抑制的人巨噬细胞SIRT1蛋白表达(P 0. 01)。结论:DEX通过抑制CSE引起的ROS释放从而降低CSE对SIRT1的损害,进而抑制NF-κB表达,最终减少炎症介质IL-6释放。     

Poly(I∶C)和LPS共刺激对人气道上皮细胞趋化因子表达的影响及机制

目的:研究模拟病毒感染及内毒素共刺激对气道上皮细胞趋化因子表达的影响。方法:人气道上皮细胞(16HBE)给予聚肌胞苷酸[poly(I∶C)]、内毒素(LPS)、地塞米松及p38MAPK抑制剂(SB203580)处理,用RT-PCR检测刺激6 h后IL-8、干扰素诱导蛋白10(IP-10)mRNA的转录水平,用ELISA检测刺激24 h后培养上清液中IL-8和IP-10蛋白含量。结果:10μg/mL LPS刺激后IL-8 mRNA及蛋白表达较对照组升高,IP-10 mRNA及蛋白表达未见明显升高;加入0.1μg/mL poly(I∶C)共刺激后IL-8和IP-10的mRNA及蛋白表达对照组及LPS组升高,差异有统计学意义。不同浓度poly(I∶C)(0.001、0.01、0.1μg/mL)刺激后IL-8、IP-10 mR-NA和蛋白表达呈浓度依赖性升高;各组分别加入10μg/mLLPS共刺激后IL-8、IP-10 mRNA及蛋白表达未见进一步升高。③地塞米松(1μmol/L)及SB203580(20μmol/L)分别预处理30 min后给予0.1μg/mL poly(I∶C)及10μg/mL LPS共刺激,两组IL-8、IP-10 mRNA及IL-8、IP-10蛋白表达较共刺激组和共刺激+DMSO组降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01和P<0.05),其中地塞米松的抑制效应强于p38MAPK抑制剂。结论:poly(I∶C)和LPS共刺激能够诱导气道上皮细胞趋化因子的表达,poly(I∶C)能加重LPS所致气道上皮细胞趋化因子IL-8的表达。糖皮质激素及p38MAPK抑制剂具有抑制模拟病毒感染及内毒素诱导气道上皮细胞趋化因子表达,提示两者在病毒诱导的AECOPD中具有潜在治疗价值。     

肺动脉平滑肌细胞凋亡在大鼠低氧性肺动脉重构自然逆转中的作用及分子机制

目的:研究肺动脉平滑肌细胞(pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells,PASMCs)凋亡在低氧性肺动脉重构自然逆转中的作用,并探讨其可能机制。方法:24只SD大鼠随机均分为常氧4周组、低氧4周组、低氧4周后复氧1周组及复氧6周组。分别检测右室收缩压(right ventricular systolic pressure,RVSP)、肺动脉中膜厚度(medial thickness,MT)和中膜面积(medial area,MA),以及肺动脉中膜自噬、凋亡等在低氧-复氧中的变化。大鼠原代PASMCs分为常氧48 h组、低氧48 h组、低氧48 h后复氧24 h组及常氧72 h组,观察PASMCs凋亡和自噬在低氧-复氧中的变化。再将PASMCs分为常氧72 h组、低氧48 h后复氧24 h组及低氧48 h+氯喹(自噬抑制剂)干预后复氧24 h组,观察PASMCs低氧阶段的自噬对其复氧阶段凋亡的影响。结果:(1)低氧使大鼠RVSP、右室肥厚指数、MT及MA显著升高(P0.05);复氧后上述指标逐渐降低。(2)低氧使肺动脉中膜LC3表达升高,P62表达降低,复氧后上述分子的表达逐步恢复正常。低氧显著降低了中膜cleaved caspase-3的表达,复氧1周其表达显著高于低氧组。(3)低氧期原代PASMCs cleaved caspase-3/PARP的表达显著低于常氧组,复氧后其表达明显升高(P0.05);PASMCs LC3和P62的表达在低氧期显著降低(P0.05)。(4)抑制了PASMCs低氧阶段的自噬后,其复氧阶段cleaved caspase-3/PARP表达显著降低(P0.05)。结论:PASMCs的凋亡参与了低氧性肺动脉重构的自然逆转;复氧期PASMCs凋亡的发生可能与其低氧期的自噬有关。     

糖皮质激素受体激动剂地塞米松对大鼠血清促炎因子IL-6、TNF-α表达及神经病理性疼痛的影响

目的:探索坐骨神经分支选择性损伤诱导的早期神经病理性疼痛(SNI)模型中给予糖皮质激素受体(glucocorticoid receptor,GR)激动剂对痛行为及促炎因子IL-6、TNF-α分泌的影响。方法:成年雄性SD大鼠随机均分为四组:Sham+Vehicle(生理盐水组),SNI+Vehicle组,SNI+DEX(GR激动剂地塞米松)组,SNI+RU(GR抑制剂米非司酮)组。Von Frey纤维丝检测各组大鼠缩足阈值(paw withdrawal threshold,PWT)的变化;Western Blot和免疫荧光染色检测各组脊髓中GR的表达水平;Elisa检测血清IL-6和TNF-α表达变化。结果:与SNI+Vehicle组比较,SNI+DEX组大鼠PWT阈值和脊髓GR的表达增高(P<0.05),血清IL-6和TNF-α浓度降低(P<0.05);SNI+RU组大鼠PWT阈值和脊髓GR表达降低(P<0.05),血清IL-6和TNF-α浓度升高(P<0.05)。结论:GR在脊髓水平能够通过下调促炎因子IL-6和TNF-α的表达缓解SNI诱导的早期神经病理性疼痛。     

左旋丁基苯酞抑制氧糖剥夺/复氧所致原代培养小鼠脑胶质细胞内NF-κB和IκB-α蛋白表达

目的 观察左旋丁基苯酞(1-NBP)对原代培养小鼠脑胶质细胞氧糖剥夺/复氧(OGD/R)后NF-κB、IKB-α蛋白表达的影响.方法 体外培养小鼠脑胶质细胞,建立细胞OGD/R损伤模型.将胶质细胞分为5组:正常对照(Nc)组、OGD 24 h/R 24 h组、1-NBP 20、100及500 μmol/L组.Western-blot检测各组细胞核蛋白中NF-κB蛋白表达和胞质蛋白中IκB-α蛋白降解情况.结果 OGD 24 h/R 24 h组NF-κB蛋白表达较NC组明显增加(P＜0.01);I-NBP 100和500 μmol/L组NF-κB蛋白表达较OGD 24 h/R 24 h组明显下降(P＜0.01).OGD 24 h/R 24 h组IκB-α蛋白降解比NC组增多(P＜0.01);1-NBP 500 μmol/L组IκB-α蛋白降解较OGD 24 h/R 24 h组明显减少(P＜0.05).结论 1-NBP能抑制脑胶质细胞OGD/R后炎症反应,表现为减少IκB-α蛋白降解,抑制NF-κB活化.     

地诺帕明对低氧肺损伤大鼠肺泡液体清除的作用

目的： 探讨β1肾上腺素能受体激动剂地诺帕明对低氧肺损伤大鼠肺泡液体清除率(AFC)的作用及其机制。方法: 低氧大鼠暴露于10%的氧浓度，分别于24 h和48 h测定AFC、总肺水量（TLW）。10-5mol/L地诺帕明单独及分别与β1受体阻滞剂阿替洛尔、β2受体阻滞剂ICI-118551、钠通道阻断剂氨氯吡咪及Na+-K+-ATP酶阻断剂哇巴因混合后灌注到正常及10%的氧浓度48 h大鼠的肺泡腔内,测定AFC的变化。结果: 大鼠暴露于10%的氧浓度24 h后AFC（18.70%±3.19%）与正常大鼠AFC(17.50%±2.66%)比较没有明显变化;48 h时AFC（8.59%±2.60%）明显降低。地诺帕明能明显增加正常及低氧大鼠AFC，10-5mol/L特布他林与10-5mol/L地诺帕明对低氧48 h大鼠AFC的作用比较差异无显著（P>0.05）。地诺帕明增加AFC的作用能被阿替洛尔完全抑制，不能被ICI-118551抑制。氨氯吡咪和哇巴因分别使地诺帕明对低氧大鼠AFC的作用降低了31%和51%。结论: β1肾上腺素能受体激动剂地诺帕明通过调节Na+-K+-ATP酶及钠通道的活性增加低氧肺损伤大鼠肺泡液体清除能力，促进肺水肿液的吸收。     

Topical organization of the projections of neurons of the substantia nigra and the ventral field of the tegmentum of the midbrain to the head of the caudate nucleus of the cat

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology -     

Asymmetry of the internal connections of the striate cortex of the cat in the projection zone of the center of the field of vision

Studies were carried out on the organization of the internal connections of the striate cortex in cats in the projection zone of the center (0–5°) of the field of vision by microintophoretic application of horseradish peroxidase to electrophysiologically identified orientational columns. The area containing neurons showing retrograde labeling in most cases extended in the mediolateral direction. Labeled cells were located in the upper (II, III) and lower (V, VI) layers of the cortex, and the shapes and orientations of the areas containing labeled neurons in these layers coincided. Spatial asymmetry was detected in the distribution of labeled neurons relative to the orientational column studied. Labeled cells were located predominantly medial to the columns, regardless of the distance from the projection of the area centralis. Considering the visuotopical map of field 17, the asymmetry detected here provides evidence that neurons in orientational columns have more extensive connections with neurons of the peripheral part of the cortex. An asymmetrical distribution of “silent” zones around the receptive fields of neurons in orientational columns is suggested, and that these appear to receive influences from the periphery of the visual field. Laboratory of Visual Physiology and Laboratory of Central Nervous System Morphology, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 23–29, December, 1996.     

Characteristics of the topographic interrelation of the head of the pancreas and the duodenum and pathology of the organs of the pancreatoduodenal area

Seventy pancreatoduodenal complexes of 55 patients with chronic pancreatitis and tumours of this zone and 15 patients died from other diseases are studies histotopographically . The pieces of the pancreatic head tissue in the medial wall of the duodenum were found in 12 cases of the first group and in 4 control cases. The pancreatic tissue consisted either of all elements of this organ or cystically dilated ducts and seemed to infiltrate different layers of the duodenum wall. Three variants of the pancreatic head structure are suggested on the basis of anatomo-topographical interrelationships of the pancreatic head and duodenum. In 12 out of 14 cases chronic pancreatitis and carcinoma of organs of this zone were combined with the variants of the pancreatic head structure, in 2 cases there was a true heterotopy . Pathogenetic significance of these variants for the development of chronic pancreatitis is discussed.     

Influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitude of the synaptic reactions of the snail under voltage clamping conditions

The influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitudes of summary excitatory postsynaptic currents arising in identified giant parietal neurons in response to rhythmic stimulation of the intestinal nerve was investigated in a preparation of the isolated CNS of the common snail in order to identify the possibility of the participation of the postsynaptic element in synaptic plasticity. It was demonstrated that, at a greater value of the transmembrane potential, the decrease in the amplitudes of the postsynaptic currents which have been induced by rhythmic stimulation takes place more rapidly. It was also demonstrated that at a higher frequency of stimulation of the nerve, the effect of the influence of the membrane potential level on the dynamics of the synaptic reactions is more prominent. The data obtained may be regarded as an argument in favor of the possibility of the participation of the post-synapse in plasticity. This study was partially supported by the Russian Basic Research Fund (project No. 94-04-12209). Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel'nosti imeni I. P. Pavlova, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 171–179, January–February, 1995.     

Effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on the behavior of the rat.

The effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on behavior of the rat has been studied. Results may be summarized as follows. An increase in the exploratory behavior in the open field which decreases rapidly; a decrease in the number of defecations in this test and a decrease in time leaving a dark environment for exploration. In the shuttle box test, no facilitation of the acquisition, but a permanent and quite significant increase in the intertrial activity has been found. We conclude that the lesions tend to decrease the emotivity of the subjects. An interpretation on the basis of the species -- specific defensive reactions explains the transitory and permanent effects of the lesions on the spontaneous activity.     

Effect of the conditions of adaptation of the optic analyzer to the function of the thermoreceptors of the human skin

Summary A discussion is presented of the effect produced by light stimulation applied to the optic analyzer alone on the function of the temperature analyzer. The cutaneous-temperature analyzer was kept on constant illumination and temperature. The light effects from the retinal photoreceptors on the cutaneous thermoceptor system led to reflex changes of the functional rate of the latter. Conditions of the optic analyzer of light adaptation caused reflex adjustment of cold receptors as to heating. Dark adaptation of the eyes changed the functional state of the cold receptors, corresponding to their adjustment to low temperatures.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 3–6, March, 1964