日间无痛病房护理在肿瘤患者中的应用

目的 对比传统护理与无痛护理后患者的疼痛情况,探讨无痛护理的临床可实施性.方法 将本院收治的216例肿瘤患者依据抽签的方式分为观察组与对照组,其中观察组110例给予日间无痛护理,对照组106例给予传统护理;对比两组护理前后疼痛情况与护理满意度.结果 两组患者护理前疼痛评分比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,两组患者护理后疼痛明显缓解,且观察组缓解程度更显著,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组护理总满意度为93.64％,明显高于对照组的83.02％,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 将科学正确的疼痛评估方法与镇痛方式应用于肿瘤患者的护理,可有效缓解其疼痛与提高其生活质量.     

品管圈护理对心肌梗死康复期患者自我效能及生活质量的影响

目的 探讨品管圈护理对心肌梗死康复期患者自我效能及生活质量的影响.方法 选取2014年6月至2016年6月在我院接受治疗的心肌梗死康复期患者70例,随机分为对照组和观察组各35例.对照组给予常规护理,观察组给予品管圈护理,对比分析两组自我效能及生活质量.结果 入院时两组自我效能评分均低于2.5分中间标准,对比无明显差异(P＞0.05);干预后2周两组自我效能评分均高于2.5分中间标准,但观察组的自我效能评分增加显著(P＜0.05);人院时两组社会、环境、心理及生理的评分对比,均无明显差异(P＞0.05),护理2周后两组社会、环境、心理及生理的评分均高于入院时,但观察组增加明显(P＜0.05).结论 给予恢复期心肌梗死患者品管圈护理效果较好,可明显提高患者自我效能感,缩短康复时间,改善生活质量.     

品管圈活动在肿瘤患者疼痛护理中的应用

目的 探讨品管圈活动在肿瘤患者疼痛护理中的应用。方法 123例肿瘤患者以随机分配原则将其分为观察组与对照组。对照组61例行常规疼痛护理;观察组62例采取品管圈活动。对两组患者的疼痛程度、对疼痛护理知识的知晓率及护理满意率等指标进行观察。结果 观察组患者的护理效果明显优于对照组,其中,观察组患者对于疼痛护理知识的知晓率及护理满意率均明显高于对照组,而疼痛程度明显低于对照组,组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 品管圈活动在肿瘤患者疼痛护理中具有重要意义,该种方法可提高患者护理满意率,减轻患者的疼痛感。品管圈活动值得在临床上广泛推广,以帮助更多患者受益。     

规范化疼痛护理在晚期肿瘤患者姑息治疗中对患者生活质量的影响

目的 总结规范化疼痛护理在晚期肿瘤患者姑息治疗中对患者生活质量的影响,为晚期肿瘤患者提供有价值的临床治疗护理干预方案.方法 本次实验研究对象为本院2014年12月至2015年12月间收治治疗的200例晚期肿瘤患者,随机分为实验组和对照组两组.对照组100例患者行常规抗癌治疗和护理干预,实验组100例患者行姑息治疗和规范化疼痛护理,对比两组晚期肿瘤患者的疼痛程度以及生活质量.结果 干预后,实验组患者剧烈疼痛率为13.0％明显优于干预前的29.0％(P＜0.05),且优于对照组患者的20.0％ (P＜0.05).生活质量均明显优于干预前,且优于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 姑息治疗并行规范化疼痛护理能够更好的改善患者的疼痛情况,并提高患者的生存质量,具有推广实施价值.     

对冠状动脉支架植入术后患者实施延续护理的研究

目的 探讨冠状动脉支架植入术后患者实施延续护理的效果.方法 将我院收治的1 14例冠状动脉支架植入术后患者随机分为两组.对照组57例给予常规护理方法,试验组57例在对照组基础上加用延续护理干预措施.比较两组患者在自我护理能力、不良事件、生活质量及护理满意度方面的差异.结果 干预后试验组自我护理能力评分升高,也高于同期对照组,比较有统计学差异(P＜0.05);试验组不良事件发生率为14.0％,低于对照组的26.3％,比较有统计学差异(P＜0.05);干预后试验组生活质量评分升高,也高于同期对照组,比较有统计学差异(P＜0.05);试验组护理满意率为94.7％,高于对照组的80.7％,比较有统计学差异(P＜0.05).结论 冠状动脉支架植入术后患者实施延续护理效果显著,自我护理能力强,不良事件少,生活质量及护理满意度也较高,值得临床选择.     

乳腺肿瘤术后疼痛的护理干预效果观察

目的对乳腺肿瘤术后开展疼痛护理干预的效果进行探讨。方法选择我院收治80例乳腺肿瘤手术患者,依据随机数字表法划分为对照组和观察组,每组40例。对照组接受常规护理,观察组接受疼痛护理干预,进行两组疼痛程度、护理满意度、情绪评分、生活质量评分的对比。结果观察组护理满意度、疼痛评分、情绪评分、生活质量评分均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论疼痛护理干预能够有效缓解乳腺肿瘤手术患者疼痛,获得了患者的普遍认可,值得进行广泛推广。     

品管圈活动对儿科手足口病患儿护理效果的影响分析

目的探讨实施品管圈活动对儿科手足口病患儿的护理效果及质量管理能力的影响效果,以期探索最佳护理措施。方法选择我科收治的126例患者,依据就诊顺序随机分为两组,即:偶数者为观察组,予以品管圈活动的护理模式,奇数者为对照组,予以常规护理干预,每组各63例,观察护理满意度,以及对品管圈圈员的质量管理能力评定。结果观察组护理满意率96.83%,对照组87.30%,两组比较,观察组压疮发生率降低明显,护理满意率升高明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与品管圈活动实施前比较,实施后的品管圈圈员的各项质量管理能力均升高明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在儿科手足口病患儿中应用品管圈活动,可提高护理满意度,并可在一定程度上提高护理人员的质量管理能力。     

循证护理提高泌尿科患者术后疼痛控制满意度

目的：探讨循证护理对于提高泌尿科患者术后疼痛控制满意度的具体方案与护理效果。方法根据随机抽样的方法,根据护理方式的不同将同期住院治疗的105例患者分为观察组（n=55）与对照组（n=50）,观察组接受循证护理,对照组接受常规护理,对比两组术后疼痛评分与疼痛控制满意度。结果观察组患者术后24 h、72 h疼痛程度明显低于对照组,（P＜0.01）;观察组疼痛控制满意度也优于对照组（P＜0.01, P＜0.05）。结论针对泌尿科患者术后实施循证护理干预措施,可明显缓解患者的疼痛体验,提升患者对术后疼痛控制的满意度。     

品管圈活动在神经外科护理质量改进中的应用效果研究

目的:探讨品管圈活动在神经外科护理质量改进。方法:选取2018年10月-2019年3月本院神经外科患者200例,随机分为观察组100例,对照组100例,观察组实施品管圈护理活动。结果:观察组患者满意度高于对照组,(P0.05)差异有统计学意义。结论:应用品管圈活动提升护理质量效果明显。     

品管圈降低PCI患者术后焦虑及疼痛的应用观察

目的 建立护理品管圈以降低患者PCI术后的焦虑程度并减轻其疼痛感.方法 护理人员创建品管圈研究活动小组,认真探讨患者在PCI术后焦虑以及疼痛的关键因素,以确定缓解焦虑程度及减轻疼痛为活动的主题,按照品管圈的十大步骤对护理进行质量控制.结果 品管圈活动结束后,实验组发生焦虑的人数21例(35％)相比于活动前PCI患者术后焦虑人数36例(60％)显著减少(P＜0.05).实验组术后疼痛评分(1.6±0.3)显著优于对照组的(3.8±0.9),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 品管圈活动的有效实施,能够缓解患者PCI术后的焦虑程度并减轻其疼痛感,同时提高科内护理人员工作的积极性,加强彼此间的沟通合作以及发现并解决问题的能力.     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg.kg) or i.p. (50 mg.kg) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) l.h. kg in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) l.h. kg in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg x kg(-1)) or i.p. (50 mg x kg(-1)) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was approximately 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p < 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p < 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 +/- 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 +/- 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

休克时血中氧自由基的变化

本实验测定10名休克患者血浆和红细胞的丙二醛(MDA)、血浆总抗的氧化活性(AOA)的含量。结果表明:休克病人红细胞膜和血浆 MDA 含量(4.298±0.722;5.348±0.834)与对照组(3.235±0.682;4.356±1.081)比较明显增高(P<0.05);血浆 AOA(39.65±7.858)与对照组(48.21±10.81)比较明显降低(P<0.01)。提示:休克时,患者机体内自由基反应增强是引起组织细胞损伤的原因之一。     

Interindividual variability in metabolic activation in humans in vivo

In assessing interindividual variability in metabolic activation, the toxic metabolite is often too unstable for conventional analysis. Possible alternatives include a stable product of the reactive metabolite e.g. cysteinyl derivatives of N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine, the toxic metabolite of paracetamol, adducts with DNA or protein, and indirect measurement of the activity of the enzyme(s) producing the active metabolite. An example of the last approach is the use of furafylline, a highly specific inhibitor of human CYP1A2, to determine the extent of the metabolic activation of the cooked food mutagens PhIP and MeIQx. The extent of inhibition, determined from levels of unchanged amine in urine, is an indirect measure of the activity of the activation pathway. Further refinement of this approach, allied to improved measures of the biological process of interest should prove of value in evaluating interindividual variability and its role in the risk assessment process.     

Theophylline kinetics in peripheral tissues in vivo in humans

Several biochemical and cellular effects have been described for methylxanthines under in vitro conditions. However, it is unknown, whether threshold concentrations required to exert these effects are attained in target tissues in vivo. We therefore employed the microdialysis technique for measuring theophylline concentrations in peripheral tissues under in vivo conditions.Following in vitro and in vivo calibration, microdialysis probes were inserted into the medial vastus muscle and into the periumbilical subcutaneous adipose layer of healthy volunteers. Following single oral dose administration of 300 mg or i.v. infusion of 240 mg theophylline, in vivo time courses of theophylline concentrations were monitored in tissues and plasma. Major pharmacokinetic parameters (c_max, t_max, AUC) were calculated for plasma and tissue time courses. The mean AUC_tissue /AUC_plasma-ratio was 0.56 (p.o.) and 0.55 (i.v.) for muscle and 0.55 (p.o.) and 0.72 (i.v.) for subcutaneous adipose tissue.We conclude that microdialysis provides important information on the distribution and the tissue pharmacokinetics of theophylline.Abbreviations FPIA Fluorescence polarisation immuno assay - AUC Area under the curve - t_max Time to peak concentration - c_max Peak concentration     

Changes in angiopoietin expression in glomeruli involved in glomerulosclerosis in rats with daunorubicin-induced nephrosis

AIM: To study the potential pathological role of endogenous angiopoietins in daunorubicin-induced progressive glomerulosclerosis in rats. METHODS: Seventy male Wistar rats were allocated randomly into a daunorubicin group (DRB; n=40) or a control group (n=30). The rats in the DRB group were injected with DRB (15 mg/kg), in their tails. Subsequently, at intervals of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks, 5 male Wistar rats in each group were chosen randomly for 24 h urinary protein quantitative measurements (24 h UPQM), and determination of plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), and angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) levels. Kidney sections were examined by electron microscopy, Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining, immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization histochemistry. RESULTS: As glomerulosclerosis progressed in the DRB group, expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli decreased and expression of TNF-alpha protein, Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli increased. Expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were negatively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression, and mean area of extracellular matrix (MAECM). In comparison, expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were positively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression and MAECM; furthermore, there was a positive correlation between plasma Ang2 and 24 h UPQM. Plasma TNF-alpha and expression of TNF-alpha in glomeruli were positively correlated with expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli. There was a negative correlation between Ang1 protein expression and Ang2 protein expression in glomeruli. CONCLUSION: During DRB-induced glomerulosclerosis, podocyte injury led to a shift in the balance of Ang1 and Ang2 in glomeruli. Increased TNF-alpha in plasma and glomeruli may upregulate Ang2 expression in glomeruli. Elevated Ang2 in both plasma and glomeruli may mediate protein permeability through the glomerular filtration barrier. Moreover, local expression of Ang2 may facilitate the progress of glomerulosclerosis by upregulating a component expression of extracellular matrix.