综合心理行为干预对新兵情绪、应对和个性影响研究

目的 探讨综合心理行为干预对集训期新兵状态特质焦虑、应对和个性的影响,为制定新兵心理干预方案提供科学依据.方法 随机整群抽取某部集训期新兵436名,分为干预组和对照组,对照组进行常规军事训练,干预组给予综合性心理行为干预8 w.分别在集训第15、75 d对两组采用状态-特质焦虑问卷（STAI）、特质应对方式（TCSQ）、艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）评估,进行组间前后对照和组内平行对照及相关分析.结果 （1）集训第75 d组内前后对照,两组积极应对显著高于集训前,状态焦虑、精神质、掩饰性显著低于集训前,干预组特质焦虑、神经质显著低于集训前（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;组间平行对照,干预组积极应对显著高于对照组,消极应对、状态焦虑、神经质显著低于对照组（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）.（2）干预组状态-特质焦虑因子分与积极应对、内外向、掩饰性呈显著负相关,与消极应对、神经质、精神质呈显著正相关;积极应对与内外向、掩饰性呈显著正相关,与神经质、精神质呈显著负相关（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）.低文化程度、独生子女、单亲家庭对新兵焦虑情绪和应对方式呈显著负相关（P＜0.01）.结论 综合性心理行为干预能有效缓解新兵焦虑情绪,完善个性,促进新兵更多采用积极应对,更快适应部队环境,但干预时也应注重个体差异性.     

静息态fMRI局域指标和新兵军训情绪状态的相关性研究

目的:利用静息态功能磁共振成像(rs-fMRI)探讨入伍新兵军训前(基线状态)脑自发神经活动与训练前焦虑/抑郁评分和训练结束时焦虑/抑郁评分变化值的相关性。方法:前瞻性将2021年南京某部队50名入伍男性新兵[年龄(20.45±1.65岁)]纳入本研究,在军训前对所有被试行rs-fMRI扫描,获得全脑的低频振幅比(fALFF)和局部一致性(ReHo)值。在军训前和3个月军训结束时采用焦虑和抑郁量表评估其情绪状态。采用配对t检验比较军训前、后新兵的焦虑和抑郁评分的变化,并利用线性回归方法分析新兵基线状态的fALFF和ReHo值与基线焦虑、抑郁评分和军训前、后量表评分差值(Δ评分_焦虑、Δ评分_抑郁)的相关性。结果:新兵军训后的焦虑评分较军训前显著降低(P<0.001),抑郁评分也较军训前降低但差异无统计学意义(P=0.062)。线性回归分析显示基线状态右侧中央后回的ReHo值与训练前的焦虑评分呈中度正相关(r=0.53,P<0.01),左、右侧额下回的fALFF值与训练前的抑郁评分呈中度正相关(r值分别为0.56和0.65,P均<...     

新兵训练伤患者康复期心理特点及护理对策

军事训练伤是军事训练中最常见的多发病 ,这主要是新兵对军事体育训练科目生疏 ,身体素质与训练进度和强度不相适应。我院 1997～ 1999年对 110例新兵训练伤患者的心理状态进行调查与分析 ,应用整体护理 ,重视新兵康复期心理知识宣教 ,把握相互交流技巧 ,强化教育的自我意识 ,提高自我保护的能力 ,临床上取得满意的效果。1　临床资料1 1　对象　本组 110例 ,新兵训练伤康复期的患者 ,均为男性 ,年龄 16～ 2 1岁。按照《中国人民解放军军事训练伤诊断分类标准》 ,发生腰扭伤 3 0例 ,急性关节损伤 3 0例 ,软组织损伤 5 0例。平均住院时间 ( 3 …     

新兵训练伤的调查分析

1994～ 1998年 ,我部 2 40 0名参训新兵发生训练伤 80例 ,调查分析如下。1　对象和方法1 1　对象　 2 40 0名参训新兵均为男性 ,年龄 18～ 2 1岁 ,平均 19.5岁。1 2　方法　采用旅卫生队门诊登记、住院登记、营卫生所登记、医疗队巡诊等方法 ,统计参训新兵的训练伤发生情况。2　结　果2 1　训练伤发生情况　共发生训练伤 80例 ,占参训人员的3.3% ,其中软组织损伤 18例 (2 2 .5 % ) ,应力性骨折 5例 (6 .3% ) ,关节扭伤 2 5例 (31.2 % ) ,轻微外伤 32例 (4 0 .0 % )。2 2　训练伤发生的原因　 (1)未掌握动作要领 ;(2 )身体素质不佳 ;(3)个…     

新兵军训成绩与积极心理品质关系研究

目的:考察新兵军事训练成绩与积极心理品质等心理特征的关系。方法:运用随机整群抽样方法抽取某部队18~23岁的300名男性新兵,采用新兵积极心理品质评估问卷(PMCS-R)、特质应对方式问卷(TCSQ)和自尊量表(SES)对其进行评定。军事训练结束后对新兵进行精准射击、投弹和3000米跑步考核。分析新兵军事训练成绩与积极心理品质、应对方式和自尊之间的关系。结果:射击成绩与负性事件呈负相关(r=-0.169,P<0.05);投弹距离与部队压力、适应能力和自控呈负相关(r=-0.130,-0.137,-0.122,均P<0.05);3000米跑与部队压力、适应能力和自尊得分呈正相关(r=0.147,0.131,0.181,均P<0.05),与预期、11种积极心理品质得分、积极应对得分和年龄呈负相关(r=-0.238~-0.139,均P<0.05);回归分析表明,负性事件能解释射击成绩2.9%的变异量(F=8.210,P<0.05);自控和适应能力能解释投弹距离成绩4.5%的变异量(F=6.460,P<0.05);信仰和预期相比可以解释3000米跑步7.6%的变异量(F=11.431,P<0.05)。结论:自控、信仰、负性事件、适应能力和预期是影响新兵军事训练成绩的重要社会心理因素。     

非典型肺炎流行高峰期军人焦虑状况调查

目的 :了解非典型肺炎流行高峰期军人焦虑情绪。方法 :采用状态 特质焦虑问卷 (STAI)调查非典型肺炎流行高峰期研究生、汽车驾驶员、警卫战士、通信服务保障人员的焦虑状态 ,并与平常组调查结果进行比较。结果 :参考常模的正常、轻度、重度的分段标准 ,非典型肺炎流行高峰期 (T AI)各分数段的人数比与平常期组比较均无显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ;非典型肺炎流行高峰期状态焦虑 (S AI)各分数段的人数比 ,研究生、汽车驾驶员、警卫战士在正常分数段的人数比 ,比平常期组明显降低 ,差异显著 (P <0 0 5 ) ;汽车驾驶员轻度焦虑人数比 ,比平常期组明显增高 ,差异非常显著 (P <0 0 1) ;研究生重度焦虑的人数比 ,比平常期组明显增多 ,差异显著 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :非典型肺炎流行高峰的初期 ,军人产生的焦虑情绪、程度存在群体差异。     

陆军新兵心理症状问卷常模的建立及其结果分析

目的 :建立新兵心理症状问卷 (SCL 90 )常模 ,为研究新兵心理健康提供参考依据。方法 :对广州军区、北京军区、南京军区的 4 6 15名新兵进行SCL 90测试 ,并将结果与军人常模进行比较。结果 :新兵SCL 90总分为 133 0 5± 36 90 ,阳性项目数为 2 7 70± 18 32 ,阳性均分为 2 4 0± 0 4 3,SCL 90所含 10个因子分均显著低于军人常模 (P <0 0 1) ;各因子阳性症状中呈中、重度人数比例为 2 7%～ 18 2 % ;独生子女新兵SCL 90总分、阳性均分及躯体化、忧郁、焦虑、敌对等因子分显著高于非独生子女 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1)。结论 :本研究所建立的陆军男性新兵及独生子女新兵SCL 90常模可作为研究新兵心理状况的本底资料     

新兵心理弹性对军事训练疲劳及训练伤的影响

目的 调查分析通信某旅新兵心理弹性水平及影响因素,探索其对军事训练疲劳和训练伤的影响,为官兵疲劳状态的改善及训练伤防治提供参考依据.方法 通过随机整群抽样方法,采用一般情况调查表、心理弹性量表中文版和多维疲劳量表(MFI-20)对通信某旅2020年9月入伍的126名参训新兵进行测评分析.结果 新兵心理弹性评分总分平均分为(75.79±14.09)分,显著高于国内常模,超重、吸烟、身体疲劳、情绪低落、恐惧训练是新兵心理弹性的不利影响因素.集训新兵心理弹性水平与疲劳各维度得分呈显著负相关(P<0.05),可以负向预测新兵疲劳水平.高心理弹性组训练伤的检出率明显低于低心理弹性组(P<0.05).结论 心理弹性对新兵的训练疲劳具有较强的负向预测力,并在一定程度上影响军事训练伤的发生.在新兵入伍时,应注重心理筛选;在训练过程中,开展心理弹性的评估与训练,有效提高新兵入伍集训期间应对不良应激、战胜逆境的能力,对于提高部队战斗力具有重要意义.     

卫生短波

沈阳军区卫生防疫队提出新兵训练伤防护新举措总装稳步推进部队卫生机构自动化建设本刊讯王银屏、张长书报道：为适应新的军事训练大纲对训练伤防护工作提出的新要求，沈阳军区联勤部卫生防疫队最近派员对新兵训练伤的易发时间、易发部位、易发科目、易发原因进行了调查统计，结果显示：新兵身体素质较差、运动经验不足、北方寒冷气候的影响、组训士官缺乏按纲施训的经验、有关机构和人员对训练伤预防工作的监督指导不力是导致新兵训练伤发生的主要原因。为此，他们提出了预防新兵训练伤发生的４点措施：一是加强对带兵士官的培训，提高他们…     

综合心理干预对高原新兵训练伤的影响

目的探讨综合心理干预对高原新兵训练伤发生率的影响。方法1000名高原新兵随机分为心理干预组和对照组。在新兵训练期间,对心理干预组新兵,除常规的生理卫生教育和监督外,进行综合心理干预;利用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、焦虑自测量表(SAS)、抑郁自测量表(SDS),在新训开始和结束时,进行心理状态测定;并统计各组新兵训练伤发生情况。结果心理干预组战士在SCL-90中的躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖等项的分值,在SAS和SDS中的总分值明显低于对照组(P<0.05),心理干预组战士训练伤中的软组织损伤、骨关节损伤、训练伤总发生率均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论适当的综合心理干预对于训练伤的预防有积极的作用。     

Physical fitness influences stress reactions to extreme military training

BACKGROUND: Physical fitness and physical conditioning have long been valued by the military for their roles in enhancing mission-specific performance and reducing risk of injury in the warfighter. It is not known whether physical fitness plays a causal role in attenuating acute military stress reactions or the evolution of post-traumatic stress disorder. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine whether physical fitness influences the impact of stressful events during military survival training in 31 men. METHODS: Participants self-reported their most recent Physical Readiness Test scores and completed a trait anxiety measure before survival training. Participants also completed the Impact of Events Scale (IES) 24 hours after training. RESULTS: Aerobic fitness was inversely associated with the total IES score (p < 0.01, adjusted R2 = 0.19). When adjusted for trait anxiety, this relationship was substantially attenuated and no longer significant (p = 0.11). Trait anxiety was inversely associated with aerobic fitness (p < 0.05) and positively related to IES (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Physical fitness may buffer stress symptoms secondary to extreme military stress and its effects may be mediated via fitness-related attenuations in trait anxiety.     

Physical training injuries and interventions for military recruits

Low physical fitness levels are associated with increased musculoskeletal injury risk and attrition among military recruits. The authors review physical fitness trends, injury risk factors, and Department of the Army initiatives to address recruit fitness, injuries, and attrition. Initiatives include the Fitness Assessment Program, which reduced injury risk and attrition among low-fit trainees, and the Assessment of Recruit Motivation and Strength, which enabled the Army to enlist individuals exceeding body composition accession standards without increasing attrition. Physical Readiness Training (PRT) is the Army's primary initiative to address training-related injuries and attrition. PRT's inherent injury control and exercise progression components are designed to address low fitness levels across entry-level training. PRT has been shown to decrease injury rates, but low-fit recruits remain at increased risk regardless of program design. The authors recommend resuming pre-enlistment fitness screening and fitness programming before low-fit recruits begin entry-level training. The decision whether to screen for fitness before beginning entry-level training could be based upon the existing recruiting environment in terms of applicant supply and the demand for recruits. However, the Army should anticipate increased injury and attrition rates when discontinuing screening and/or fitness programming for low-fit recruits.     

新兵入伍训练阶段军事训练伤的流行病学特点

为调查分析步兵按照新的陆军军事训练与考核大纲进行训练过程中军训伤发生的流行病学特点，明确其致伤原因，选取陆军及武装警察部队（仍采用旧大纲）某部参加2002年度入伍训练的3428名新兵，统一进行流行病学调查。结果发现，陆军和武装警察部队军训伤发生率分别为27．21％和33．72％，陆军显著低高于武装警察部队（P＜0．01），两组军训伤发生的时间高峰相近；训练伤以下肢为多；急性创伤性损伤与过劳性损伤的发生与受训部位明显相关。说明采用新的《军事训练与考核大纲》后，新兵入伍训练阶段军训伤的发生率明显下降。     

The effect of leg strength on the incidence of lower extremity overuse injuries during military training

This study examined the effects of strength, aerobic fitness, and activity profile on the incidence of overuse injuries, particularly stress fractures, during military training. A total of 136 military recruits were followed during 9 weeks of basic training. Maximal strength and aerobic fitness were determined by a one-repetition maximum leg press and a 2,000-m run, respectively. An activity profile was determined by the recruit's activity history. Twelve recruits (8.8%) were diagnosed with stress fractures. Recruits who were 1 SD below the population mean in both absolute (98.4 +/- 36.6 kg) and relative strength (1.72 +/- 0.61 kg/kg of body weight) had a five times greater risk for stress fracture (p < 0.05) than stronger recruits. Poor aerobic fitness did not appear to be related to any increased incidence of stress fracture. It appears that recruits with lower body strength levels, within 1 SD of the population mean, have a reduced incidence of stress fractures during military training.     

武警某部2020年度新兵训练伤流行病学调查与分析

目的 探讨武警某部新兵军事训练伤的特点,为训练伤防控提供科学指导.方法 随机抽取武警某部2020年6个新训点4150名新兵,进行军事训练伤的发生情况问卷调查,并分析新训阶段训练伤的发生率、伤病类别等.另非随机性地选择了680名新兵进行了骨密度测定(中指骨),其中已发生训练伤340例,未发生训练伤340例.本次调查均获得...     

Prevention of common overuse injuries by the use of shock absorbing insoles. A prospective study

Sedentary individuals, particularly new military recruits, who start a physical training program have a substantial risk of developing an overuse injury of the lower limb. In this study we investigated the effect of neoprene insoles on the incidence of overuse injuries during 9 weeks of basic military training. The experimental group consisted of 237 randomly selected new recruits, while 1151 recruits were the control group. Insoles were given to the experimental group and compliance was monitored. A panel of doctors documented and classified all injuries occurring during the 9 week period. A total of 54 (22.8%) and 237 (31.9%) injuries were reported in the experimental and control groups, respectively. In both groups, the majority of injuries were overuse (experimental group, 90.7%; control group, 86.4%). The mean weekly incidence of total overuse injuries and tibial stress syndrome was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in the experimental group. The mean incidence of stress fractures was lower in the experimental group but not significantly so (0.05 less than P less than 0.1). This study shows that the incidence of total overuse injuries and tibial stress syndrome during 9 weeks of basic military training can be reduced by wearing insoles.     

Psychological states and aerobic fitness of male and female recruits before and after basic training

Psychological states and aerobic fitness were measured using a battery of psychological tests and a bicycle ergometer work test. A group of approximately two hundred male and female subjects were tested at the beginning of a six week basic training cycle and another group of two hundred were tested at the completion of basic training. A difference in mood, anxiety, self confidence and physical fitness was evident in the groups of male recruits, but not in the female recruits after training. A significant difference existed between males and females in terms of physical work capacity. These differences in work capacity and psychological responses should be considered in the assignment and selection of personnel for high work intensity military occupations.     

The basis for prescribed ability group run speeds and distances in U.S. Army basic combat training

During the first few days of Army Basic Combat Training (BCT), recruits take a running test and after completing this test they are ranked from fast to slow. Four roughly equal-sized "ability groups" are established from these rankings and recruits run together in these groups for their physical training during BCT. In the past, there has been no formal guidance regarding how fast or how far these ability groups should run. To fill this void, this study provides guidance for running speeds and distances during BCT. The major considerations included are: (1) minimizing injuries, (2) the initial aerobic fitness level of recruits, (3) historical improvements in run times during BCT, (4) historical running speeds of the slower individuals in each ability group, (5) running speeds that must be achieved to "pass" the 2-mile run in BCT, (6) the gender composition of the ability groups, and (7) recommendations from the trainers and field testing. Three databases were analyzed that contained a total of 16,716 men and 11,600 women. Four steps were used in the analyses: (1) establishment of run-time cut points for representative ability groups, (2) determination of initial (starting) run speeds, (3) estimation of changes in run speeds with training, and (4) establishment of run speeds and distances for each week of BCT. Efforts were made to (1) keep the running speeds between 70% and 83% of the estimated maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) for all ability groups, (2) consider the 2-mile running pace of the slower individuals in each ability group, and (3) keep the total running distance for the two slower ability groups below a total of 25 miles, the apparent threshold for increasing injury incidence. A chart provides speeds and distances for each ability group at each week of BCT. Using these recommended speeds and distances should allow trainees to improve their aerobic fitness, pass the Army Physical Fitness Test, and minimize injuries that result in lost training time and, ultimately, lower fitness levels.     

2002年度860名新兵训练伤调查

目的　了解部队新训练大纲实施后新兵训练伤的发生情况 ,为预防提供参考。方法　对 2 0 0 2年度 860名新兵的训练伤发生情况进行调查 ,并根据调查结果提出相应的预防措施。结果　 2 0 0 2年度新兵训练伤发生率为 1 4.7% ;骨关节损伤发生率最高 ;致伤的主要原因是无序的体能训练 ;农村兵和城市兵的训练伤发生率无差异。结论　新训练大纲的实施减少了训练伤的发生 ,但在部队训练时 ,对其切实理解还存在不足 ,这就要求在预防训练伤时 ,应从多方入手 ,从具体出发 ,只有弄清具体原因 ,有针对性地采取相应的措施 ,逐项落实 ,才能有效地减少各种训练伤的发生     

Effect of static stretching on prevention of injuries for military recruits

This prospective study was designed to evaluate whether static stretching can prevent training-related injuries in Japan Ground Self-Defense Force military recruits. A total of 901 recruits between 1996 and 1998 were divided into two groups. Of which, 518 recruits were assigned to the stretching group and practiced static stretching before and after each physical training session. The control subjects (383 recruits in the nonstretching group) did not stretch statically prior to exercise. The static stretching consisted of 18 exercises. We collected injury data from medical records and assessed the incidence and the location of injury. The total injury rate was almost the same between two groups; however, the incidences of muscle/tendon injury and low back pain were significantly lower in the stretching group (p < 0.05). Static stretching decreased the incidence of muscle-related injuries but did not prevent bone or joint injuries.