尼非韦罗阴道温敏原位凝胶的流变学研究

目的:应用动态流变实验测定温度敏感型原位凝胶的流变性质,以预测其在体胶凝(相变)行为。方法:通过处方筛选,确定以泊洛沙姆407和188作为基质,制备尼非韦罗阴道温敏原位凝胶(NFVR-TISG)。通过差示扫描热量法(DSC)测定NFVR-TISG胶凝温度。采用动态流变学实验测定NFVR-TISG在不同温度下相变过程中的流变参数,及NFVR-TISG经模拟阴道夜稀释(5∶1)后的流变参数。结果:NFVR-TISG在室温条件下为黏弹性较低的牛顿流体,温度升至29℃时形成凝胶状态;相变行为表现为黏弹性呈指数增长,相角降低;流变学结果显示的胶凝温度与DSC结果(30.4℃)基本一致;模拟阴道液稀释后NFVR-TISG约在35℃发生相转变。结论:体外流变学特点显示NFVR-TISG符合临床阴道局部用药物要求。用于体外评价的动态流变学实验可反映温敏凝胶的黏弹性流体力学特点。     

芩榆烧伤凝胶制备工艺优选

目的优选芩榆烧伤凝胶成型工艺。方法采用单因素和正交实验法,以外观性状、离心稳定性、涂展性、耐温试验、黏稠度为指标,优选芩榆烧伤凝胶基质种类及成型工艺。结果优选的成型工艺为:高取代羟丙基纤维素(H-HPC)15%,甘油15%,搅拌速度30 W,苯甲酸钠和乙醇适量。结论优选成型工艺简单可行,稳定性好。     

氟比洛芬纳米结构脂质载体凝胶剂的物理性质

目的制备氟比洛芬纳米结构脂质载体凝胶剂,并对其物理性质如流变学性质、黏附性和凝胶强度等进行研究。方法分别采用同轴圆筒流变仪和物性分析仪研究氟比洛芬纳米结构脂质载体的流变学性质、黏附性和凝胶强度,并研究了不同贮存温度对上述性质的影响。结果流变学研究结果表明FP-NLC凝胶具有良好的黏弹性,为假塑性流体,高温不利于保持其内部网状结构;物性分析结果表明凝胶剂在低温贮存时能够保持较高的黏附性和凝胶强度。结论氟比洛芬纳米结构脂质载体凝胶剂的流变学性质、黏附性和凝胶强度等物理性质受贮存温度影响较大,将其开发成制剂时需考虑其放置稳定性。     

琼胶流变学性质和胶凝性质的研究

目的研究琼胶的静态流变性质和动态流变性质。方法采用MCR101型流变仪测定流变学性质;质构仪测定胶凝性质。结果与结论琼胶溶液是一种剪切变稀的假塑性流体,其表观粘度随质量分数的增加逐渐增加;温度对琼胶溶液粘度的影响符合Arrhenius模型,琼胶溶液在不同的温度下触变性不同;电解质及蔗糖均会导致溶液的粘度降低。琼胶溶液表现出弱凝胶的特性。琼胶溶液形成的凝胶是一种热可逆的冷致凝胶,其胶凝点远低于熔化点,温差为55℃;凝胶强度在一定的时间区域内,随时间的延长逐渐增大;电解质使琼胶的凝胶强度显著降低,少量蔗糖使琼胶的凝胶强度升高。     

辛苯聚醇阴道用温敏凝胶的流变学特性及缓释滞留性研究

摘 要 目的：考察辛苯聚醇阴道用温敏凝胶[(O-9)-VTG]的流变学性质以预测其在体胶凝行为;评价其在阴道内的滞留性。 方法: 采用哈克旋转流变仪测定(O-9)-VTG在相变过程中及经阴道模拟液稀释后的流变学参数,考察其流变学性质。大鼠阴道给予自制(O-9)-VTG和O-9凝胶,分别测定阴道冲洗液中辛苯聚醇浓度,评价其滞留性。 结果: (O-9)-VTG在室温条件下为黏弹性较低的牛顿流体,温度升至32.6℃时相变完成;且经阴道模拟液稀释后在体温条件下仍能形成凝胶。制备的(O-9)-VTG可在大鼠阴道滞留时间达8 h以上。 结论:(O-9)-VTG具有适宜的胶凝温度和良好的流变学性质;与自制O-9凝胶相比,(O-9)-VTG具有显著的阴道黏附滞留性,能更好地满足阴道局部用药的要求。     

芩榆烧伤液质量控制

目的建立芩榆烧伤液中冰片和关黄柏的鉴别方法及黄芩苷的含量测定方法。方法采用薄层色谱法对芩榆烧伤液中冰片、关黄柏进行定性鉴别;采用高效液相色谱法测定黄芩中黄芩苷的含量。结果冰片、关黄柏薄层色谱斑点清晰,重复性好,专属性强,方法简便;高效液相色谱法测定黄芩苷在8.046～80.46 μg•mL 1范围内线性关系良好（r＝0.999 5）,平均回收率101.0%,RSD=1.69%。结论所建标准可用于芩榆烧伤液的质量控制     

布洛芬眼用在体凝胶的制备及体外特性研究

目的制备布洛芬眼用在体凝胶,并考察其体外特性,为其临床应用奠定基础。方法以泊洛沙姆407为基质制备布洛芬温度敏感在体凝胶,应用动态流变实验测定温敏凝胶相变过程的流变学性质,并采用无膜溶出模型考察其体外溶蚀及释药情况。结果泊洛沙姆407凝胶经人工泪液稀释后相变温度提高7℃左右。布洛芬在体凝胶稀释后相变温度为32℃,其相转变表现为模量和动态黏度呈指数增长,体外释药呈现良好的零级释放特征。结论布洛芬在体凝胶兼具液体剂型和凝胶剂型的优点,是一种具有良好应用前景的新型眼用制剂。     

正交试验优选芩榆烧伤凝胶中黄芩、关黄柏、地榆的提取工艺

目的:优选芩榆烧伤凝胶中黄芩、关黄柏、地榆的提取工艺。方法:以乙醇体积分数、乙醇用量和渗漉速度为考察因素,以浸膏得率和黄芩苷、盐酸小檗碱、盐酸巴马汀质量分数的综合评分为指标,采用正交试验优选黄芩、关黄柏的提取工艺;选取相同的考察因素,以没食子酸质量分数和浸膏得率的综合评分为指标,采用正交试验优选地榆提取工艺。结果:最佳提取工艺分别为黄芩、关黄柏用40倍量70%乙醇,以4ml/min的流速渗漉;地榆用30倍量5%乙醇,以3ml/min的流速渗漉。结论:优选的提取工艺合理、可行,可用于芩榆烧伤凝胶中黄芩、关黄柏、地榆的提取。     

雌二醇阴道用生物黏附性温敏型凝胶的处方筛选及流变学考察

目的:研制雌二醇阴道用生物黏附性温敏型凝胶(E₂-VTISG),并进行热力学和流变学考察。方法:采用冷法工艺制备E₂-VTISG。采用倒试管法测定胶凝温度(T_gel),以T_gel为考察指标,泊洛沙姆P407,泊洛沙姆P188为主要影响因素,用星点设计-效应面法进行处方筛选。采用黏度计测定表观粘度,采用动态流变学实验测定温敏凝胶在相变过程中的流变参数。结果:雌二醇阴道用生物黏附性温敏型凝胶的最优处方的基质配比为P407:P188:甘油:PCP:尼泊金乙酯=18:2.96:5:0.2:0.2,实测胶凝温度为33.4℃。结论:星点设计-效应面法筛选E₂-VTISG处方预测性良好,流变学结果显示优化后的雌二醇温敏凝胶符合阴道局部用药要求。     

盐酸芦氟沙星凝胶剂的研制

目的 :制备盐酸芦氟沙星凝胶 ,并建立质量控制方法。方法 :以卡波姆940为基质制备凝胶 ,采用紫外分光光度法测定盐酸芦氟沙星含量 ,并考察其稳定性。结果 :盐酸芦氟沙星线性范围为2～10μg/ml(r=0 9999) ,平均回收率为99 52 % ,RSD=0 38 % (n=6) ;凝胶稳定性良好。结论 :该凝胶制备工艺可行 ,性质稳定     

替硝唑温敏性阴道用原位凝胶的制备及其质量控制

目的：制备替硝唑温敏性阴道用原位凝胶,并对其体外性质进行考察,为其体内研究奠定基础。方法：以泊洛沙姆P407与P188为基质,用冷法制备替硝唑原位凝胶。对其胶凝温度、胶凝强度及生物黏附性等主要物理性质进行考察,并对其质量进行控制。结果：本品具有合适的胶凝温度,胶凝强度理想,生物黏附性较强,适合阴道给药。主要质量评价指标简单易行。符合相关规定。结论：替硝唑温敏性阴道用原位凝胶制备简单,性质理想,值得进一步研发。     

Optimization and evaluation of thermoresponsive diclofenac sodium ophthalmic in situ gels

This work was conducted to optimize and evaluate Pluronic F127-based thermoresponsive diclofenac sodium ophthalmic in situ gels (DS in situ gel). They were prepared by cold method and investigated their physicochemical properties i.e., pH, flow ability, sol-gel transition temperature, gelling capacity and rheological properties. An optimized formulation was selected and investigated its physicochemical properties before and after autoclaving, eye irritation potency in SIRC cells and rabbits. In vivo ophthalmic absorption was performed in rabbits. It was found that physicochemical properties of DS in situ gels were affected by formulation compositions. Increment of Pluronic F127 content decreased sol-gel transition temperature of the products while increase in Pluronic F68 concentration tended to increase sol-gel transition temperature. In this study, Carbopol 940 did not affect sol-gel transition temperature but it affected transparency, pH, and gelling capacity of the products. The optimized formulation exhibited sol-gel transition at 32.6 ± 1.1 °C with pseudoplastic flow behavior. It was lost diclofenac sodium content during autoclaving. However, it was accepted as safe for ophthalmic use and could increase diclofenac sodium bioavailability in aqueous humor significantly. In conclusion, the optimized DS in situ gel had potential for using as an alternative to the conventional diclofenac sodium eye drop. However, autoclaving was not a suitable sterilization method for this product.     

环孢素眼用微乳原位凝胶剂的制备及质量考察

目的：制备环孢素眼用微乳原位凝胶并对其质量进行考察。方法：制备环孢素微乳原位凝胶制剂,通过考察其理化特性,粒径及分布,含量,流变学性质,并通过影响因素试验及稳定性试验来评价该制剂的质量。结果：制备的环孢素微乳原位凝胶制剂为澄清透明的溶液,理化特性研究显示各指标均在眼部制剂的要求范围内,粒径小于50 nm,且分布均匀,高效液相法测定其含量简单准确,流变学考察显示该制剂为假塑型流体,影响因素试验研究显示该制剂不受温度和高温的影响,且高温保存6个月稳定。结论：本研究制备的环孢素微乳原位凝胶制剂符合眼用制剂的要求。     

甲硝唑阴道原位凝胶质量控制研究

目的：对制备的甲硝唑阴道原位凝胶的质量控制方法进行研究。方法：参照《中国药典》有关规定对原位凝胶的性状、鉴别、检查进行研究;采用高效液相色谱法测定甲硝唑的含量;对其稳定性及模拟生理条件下的流变学特性进行了初步考察。结果：所制备原位凝胶为无色或淡黄色透明液体,具有明显的温敏相变特性。鉴别、检查均符合2005年版《中国药典》中的相关规定;HPLC法检测甲硝唑浓度的线性范围为5．0～30．0μg·ml^-1（r=0．9999）,平均回收率分别为99．4％（RSD=0．7％）。稳定性试验中性状、pH及含量在考察期内无明显变化,胶凝温度及胶凝时间变异系数分别小于5％和8％。模拟生理条件下胶凝温度有所提高,黏附力有所降低。结论：筛选出的原位凝胶处方可行,制备工艺简单,质量稳定可控。进行原位凝胶质量控制时应对生理条件下的流变学特性进行评价和控制。     

Development of indomethacin Carbopol ETD 2001 gels and the influence of storage time and temperature on their stability

We investigated the development of a topical indomethacin gel formulation of suitable consistency using Carbopol ETD 2001 as the gelling agent. Topical gel formulations containing 1% w/w indomethacin (IND), 1% w/w Carbopol ETD 2001 (C2001), 1% of trethanolamine (TEA), 30% hexylene glycol (HG) and 10% polyethylene glycol (PEG 300) were prepared with excipients Tween 80, PVP 25, both Tween 80 and PVP 25 or neither agent. These four gel formulations were tested after a period of 1 and 4 weeks at storage temperature of 6 degrees C, 20 +/- 2 degrees C and 45 degrees C. Physical evaluation of the stability of these gels was carried out by microscopic and rheological tests, measurement of pH and by visual inspection. Rheological properties were studied using the cone and plate method at shear rates of 600 to 6000 1/s. Viscosities corresponding to shear rates were also calculated. Our results indicated that C2001 could be used as a gelling agent for IND in topical preparations. IND-C2001 gels were clear and exhibited an acceptable appearance; gel behaviour was non-Newtonian and pseudoplastic. The addition of either Tween 80 or PVP 25 to the base gel formulation significantly increased the shear stresses and viscosity of the gels. These novel formulations exhibited good physical stability throughout the 4-week examination periods as inferred from pH measurements and microscopic examination. Additionally, the non-Newtonian pseudoplastic behaviour of the gels was maintained throughout storage, with only a minimal decrease in gel viscosity after 4 weeks. Differences in consistencies of the four formulations, although initially apparent, were no longer evident after 4 weeks of storage for all temperature conditions examined. Gels stored at high temperature (45 degrees C) developed a dark yellow color and decreased in viscosity compared to other storage temperature.     

Development and characterization of thermosensitive pluronic-based metronidazole in situ gelling formulations for vaginal application

The purpose of this study was to develop pluronic-based in situ gelling formulations of metronidazole (MTZ) for treatment of bacterial vaginosis, aimed at prolonging the residence time, controlling drug release, enhancing efficacy, decreasing recurrence, and increasing patient compliance. The in situ gel formulations were prepared using different concentrations of pluronic F-127 (PF-127) alone and in combination with pluronic F-68 (PF-68). The prepared formulations were evaluated for their gelation temperature (T(gel)), in vitro drug release, rheological properties, mucoadhesion properties and tolerability by vaginal mucosa in tissue levels. The T(gel) decreased with increasing PF-127 concentration. The T(gel) was modulated by addition of PF-68 to be within the acceptable range of 25-37 °C. With increasing pluronic concentration, the in vitro drug release decreased, viscosity and mucoadhesive force increased. Histopathological examination of rabbit vaginas from the control and treated groups revealed normal histology of the vagina and cervix. Based on the in vitro evaluation of prepared formulations, the in situ gelling liquid formulated with PF-127/PF-68 (20/10 %, m/m) was selected for further clinical evaluation.     

瘤内注射用醋酸奥曲肽温敏凝胶的质量评价

目的:评价自制瘤内注射用醋酸奥曲肽(OA)温敏凝胶的质量。方法:测定醋酸奥曲肽温敏凝胶的胶凝温度、黏度,采用反相高效液相色谱法测定样品中OA含量并考察其体外释放情况。结果:醋酸奥曲肽温敏凝胶的胶凝温度为(37.1±0.2)℃,在此温度下黏度为(4750±13)mPa·s,含量为5.1mg·mL-1,96h在磷酸盐缓冲液释放介质(pH=7.2)中体外累积释药率为(85.7±1.67)%。结论:醋酸奥曲肽温敏凝胶质量合格。     

Pluronic F127-g-poly(acrylic acid) copolymers as in situ gelling vehicle for ophthalmic drug delivery system

To prolong the precorneal resident time and improve ocular bioavailability of the drug, Pluronic F127-g-poly(acrylic acid) copolymers were studied as in situ gelling vehicle for ophthalmic drug delivery system. The rheological properties and in vitro drug release of Pluronic-g-PAA copolymer gels were investigated. The rheogram and in vitro drug release studies indicated that the drug release rates decreased as acrylic acid/Pluronic molar ratio and copolymer solution concentration increased. But the drug concentration had no obvious effect on drug release. The release rates of the drug from such copolymer gels were mainly dependent on the gel dissolution. In vivo resident experiments showed the drug resident time and the total resident amount in rabbit's conjunctiveal sac increased by 5.0 and 2.6 folds for in situ gel, compared with eye drops. The decreased loss angle at body temperature and prolonged precorneal resident time also indicated that the copolymer gels had bioadhesive properties. These in vivo experimental results, along with the rheological properties and in vitro drug release studies, demonstrated that in situ gels containing Pluronic-g-PAA copolymer may significantly prolong the drug resident time and thus improve bioavailability. Pluronic-g-PAA copolymer can be a promising in situ gelling vehicle for ophthalmic drug delivery system.