乳腺原发性印戒细胞癌

目的：观察乳腺原发性印戒细胞癌的形态特征。方法：通过HE及AB/PAS染色,对4例乳腺原发性印戒细胞癌进行观察。结果：4例癌细胞内印戒细胞均超过205。HE染色呈典型印戒样细胞,AB/PAS染色胞质内阳性。导管内型及小叶型各1例,浸润性导管型及小叶型各1例。结论：乳腺原发性印戒细胞癌是一种特殊型癌,诊断时应排除转移性印戒细胞癌。     

小叶—导管复合型癌的病理形态学观察及组织发生探讨

目的：探讨乳腺小叶型癌、导管型癌及小叶－导管复合型癌的组织起源及与分化表型间的关系。方法：回顾复习近５年档案中的乳腺癌２７６例，以其中２１例小叶型癌、１０例导管内癌及其癌旁组织作对照，重点观察１９例小叶－导管复合型癌的形态学变化。结果：（１）导管型癌旁可见小叶型不典型增生，小叶型癌旁亦可见“导管”上皮不典型增生，同时，小叶不典型增生与“导管”不增生可同时存在，（２）导管型癌旁常见小叶癌化，小叶癌旁     

E-cadherin阴性乳腺小管小叶癌5例临床病理分析

目的探讨E-cadherin阴性乳腺小管小叶癌的临床病理学特征、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法收集5例乳腺小管小叶癌,采用免疫组化EnVision两步法检测E-cadherin、p120、β-catenin、ER、PR、HER-2和Ki-67的表达,并结合临床病理学信息进行回顾性分析。结果浸润性小叶癌占同期浸润性癌的3.4%(143/4 175),其中5例为乳腺小管小叶癌(3.5%,5/143),其组织学形态均形成管腔样的结构,管腔较小、由单层腺上皮围绕而成,癌细胞间的黏附性较差,可围绕正常导管呈靶环样排列,可与浸润性小叶癌和浸润性导管癌共存;免疫组化染色显示E-cadherin缺失,p120呈胞质阳性或胞质胞膜阳性,β-catenin缺失或胞质弱阳性,ER均阳性,PR为50%阳性,HER-2评分为1+,Ki-67增殖指数均<10%。结论 E-cadherin阴性的乳腺小管小叶癌形态类似E-cadherin阳性的乳腺小管小叶癌,但E-cadherin、p120、β-catenin的异常表达提示E-cadherin复合体缺陷,为特殊类型的小叶癌,其生物学行为仍需进一步分析。     

乳腺黏液性病变的病理诊断与鉴别诊断

伴有黏液形成的乳腺病变包括含囊腔内黏液的乳腺纤维囊性变、黏液囊肿样病变(mucocele-like lesion ,MLL)、良性病变和(或)伴有不典型导管上皮增生(atypical ductal hyperplasia,ADH)、导管原位癌(ductal carcinoma in situ,DCIS)、黏液性乳头状病变、黏液癌和其他伴间质黏液样物质的病变.除了这些与细胞外黏液相关的病变外,小叶肿瘤、DCIS和浸润性癌,尤其是浸润性小叶癌含有胞质内黏液,还有间质的黏液样变在许多病变如纤维腺瘤和叶状肿瘤,多形性腺瘤和结节性黏蛋白沉积症均可见,恶性类似病变包括产生基质的癌和鳞癌伴黏液间质.本文重点讨论伴有细胞外黏液形成的黏液性乳腺病变的诊断与鉴别诊断,该组病变在良性病变、不典型增生、原位癌及浸润性癌的鉴别上有一定难度.     

乳腺上皮性病变的诊断与鉴别诊断

1 乳腺正常组织的免疫组化表型特点 乳腺组织学结构的基本单位由乳腺的导管及其终末导管小叶单位(terminal dust-lobular unit,TDLU)组成,整个乳腺的导管-小叶上皮系统全部由特化的两型细胞所衬覆,即内层腺上皮和外层肌上皮.此外正常乳腺组织中还常见肌上皮平滑肌化生,腺上皮大汗腺化生及良性神经浸润.腺上皮及肌上皮均由干细胞通过中间型细胞分化而来,不同分化阶段的腺上皮及肌上皮免疫组化表型存在差别(图1).     

眼睑皮脂腺癌的穿刺细胞学诊断及鉴别诊断

目的 探讨眼睑皮脂腺癌的穿刺方法、细胞学特点和鉴别诊断。方法 4例眼睑肿物行细针穿刺细胞学(FNAC)检查,穿刺涂片行常规HE染色以及脂肪染色(苏丹Ⅲ染色),光镜观察其细胞学特点;与活检结果对照,并与霰粒肿、眼睑毛母质瘤和基底细胞癌的细胞学特点进行比较。结果 4例肿物穿刺结果考虑为皮脂腺癌。涂片内细胞丰富,特征明显,可见2种肿瘤细胞,一种为胞质丰富呈泡沫样的皮脂腺分化细胞,一种为核大深染、异型明显的低分化癌细胞,脂肪染色显示肿瘤细胞胞质内及背景中可见橘红色脂滴。穿刺诊断与活检结果基本一致。而霰粒肿细胞学表现为肉芽肿性炎症,毛母质瘤内见无异型的基底样细胞、嗜碱性细胞、影细胞及钙化,基底细胞癌表现为核致密深染、排列紧密的细胞团,与皮脂腺癌易于区别。结论 眼睑肿物穿刺细胞学检查是一种安全有效的检查方法,有助于眼睑皮脂腺癌的早期诊断及答别诊断。     

伴绒癌特征的乳腺癌1例报道并文献复习

目的探讨伴绒癌特征的乳腺癌(breast carcinomawith choriocarcinomatous features,BCCF)的临床病理特征、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法对1例BCCF进行光镜观察和免疫组化标记,并复习相关文献。结果患者女性,60岁。发现右侧乳腺肿物2年。查体发现右乳乳晕下可触及一5.5 cm×4.0 cm大小肿物,质硬,延及外上象限。镜检:在高级别导管原位癌和浸润性导管癌Ⅱ级的背景中,散在或呈片状分布的肿瘤细胞出现明显间变,细胞大,胞质丰富,核大,核染色质深,核质比增高,可见一至两个明显的核仁,合体细胞样单核和多核瘤巨细胞均存在,形态类似于绒毛膜癌的癌细胞,这种细胞与导管癌癌细胞混合存在,局部可见移行过渡。免疫组化标记:c-erbB-2和E-cadherin均(),HCG和GCD-FP-15均(),PR(+),ER(-),Ki-67增殖指数约60%。结论 BCCF罕见。诊断时需与分化差的浸润性导管癌及生殖道绒癌乳腺转移等鉴别;免疫组化标记HCG()有助于确诊。     

乳腺神经内分泌型导管内癌

目的对乳腺神经内分泌型导管内癌（E-DCIS）的临床病理特点、预后和鉴别诊断进行探讨。方法用光镜、免疫组织化学EnVision法行嗜铬素A、突触素和神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）染色和消化PAS、消化阿辛蓝和嗜银染色,对18例具有E-DCIS特征的乳腺癌进行观察。结果具有E-DCIS特征的乳腺癌具有以下特点：（1）好发于老年女性,平均年龄71岁。最常见的临床症状为乳腺肿块或乳头溢液。（2）E-DCIS呈导管内肿瘤细胞的膨胀性生长,在肿瘤周边常可见导管内乳头状瘤。（3）肿瘤细胞呈多边形,卵圆形或梭形,胞质丰富,嗜酸性或细颗粒状。细胞核往往只有轻一中度异型,消化PAS或AB染色显示细胞内或细胞外存在黏液,有些肿瘤细胞呈印戒细胞样。（4）〉50％的肿瘤细胞表达嗜铬素A、突触素和NSE中的至少两种,部分病例CD56和CD57染色阳性。（5）E-DCIS中常可见到肿瘤细胞向邻近导管的派杰样扩散,且在膨胀性生长的导管内不存在肌上皮成分。这两点有助于E-DCIS与导管上皮增生的鉴别。结论E-DCIS是一种低度恶性的乳腺导管内癌,有其独特的组织形态、免疫组织化学特征,应作为一种独立的导管内癌类型加以认识。     

腮腺皮脂腺癌2例并文献复习

目的探讨腮腺皮脂腺癌的临床病理特征、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法回顾性分析2例腮腺皮脂腺癌的临床病理及免疫表型特征,并复习相关文献。结果 2例均为女性,年龄分别为65岁和61岁。镜下见肿瘤细胞具有不同程度的异型性,排列成大小不等、形状不规则的巢状或小叶状,部分分化差的区域,肿瘤细胞呈小巢状侵入间质。周边胞质较少的基底样细胞向中心逐渐分化为透明空泡状皮脂腺细胞的特点可见。免疫表型缺乏最有意义的免疫组化指标。结论腮腺皮脂腺癌较罕见,需加深对其临床病理特点的理解,结合临床与病理学诊断,避免误诊。     

乳腺导管内二态性乳头状癌的形态及免疫表型特征

目的探讨乳腺导管内二态性乳头状癌的形态及免疫表型特征。方法收集具有二态性形态学特征的乳腺导管原位癌7例,观察其组织形态学特点,并采用EnVision免疫组化法检测CK5/6、CK34βE12、CK8、CD10、p63、SMA、ER、E-cad、Syn、CgA、GCDFP-15和AR的表达。结果二态性导管内乳头状癌4例,具有二态性特征的筛状型导管原位癌3例;其中4例伴有导管内非典型增生。二态性乳头状癌有两种形态不同的肿瘤细胞:一种是普通性肿瘤细胞,多为柱状细胞,胞质不透明,核为低或中间级别。此类细胞分布于乳头或筛状结构的浅层;第二种细胞是二态性肿瘤细胞,多呈多角形或立方形,胞质透明或淡染,核级别及形态与普通性肿瘤细胞相同。此种细胞位于柱状肿瘤细胞内侧,排列呈条带状、筛状、实性巢状或单个细胞播散分布,其胞质及细胞分布位置类似增生的肌上皮细胞。两种肿瘤细胞均显示CK8、ER阳性,基底高分子量角蛋白(CK5/6、CK34βE12)、肌上皮(CD10、p63、SMA)、Syn和CgA阴性;E-cad阳性5例,另2例部分细胞呈胞膜胞质型微弱阳性而大部分细胞不表达;1例GCDFP-15及AR阳性。结论二态性导管内乳头状癌的两种肿瘤细胞均呈腺系上皮分化,两种肿瘤细胞的形态及胞质染色不同,但核的异型性及其形态相同,免疫组化结果也相同。二态性肿瘤细胞在HE切片内与肌上皮细胞很相似,易被误认为肌上皮,从而导致诊断不足或误诊,宜予高度重视。     

Sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelids: thirty cases from Japan

Sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelids is rare in Western countries but not uncommon in Asian countries. Diagnosis is difficult both clinically and histologically. Thirty cases of sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelids treated at Tokyo Medical University Hospital were reviewed to elicit characteristic features of pathological findings. The tumor cells were infiltrating in a lobular pattern that consisted mainly of large atypical germinative cells. Sebocytes seen in the lobules had conspicuous nucleolus associated with perinucleolar halo. In 17 cases (57%) there was foamy histiocyte infiltration in and around the tumor nests. Sebaceous duct differentiation, namely holocrine secretion indicating a specific type of coagulation necrosis maintaining a cellular framework or maintaining a bubbly cytoplasm associated with nuclear debris in the periphery, was seen in 24 cases (80%). Although unequivocal squamous differentiation was limited to only 11 carcinomas, scattered individual necrosis with nuclear debris in the background of germinative cells appeared in 29 cases (96.7%). Expression of epithelial membrane antigen, perilipin and adipophilin were detected in all cases. In conclusion, to detect sebaceous differentiation in sebaceous carcinoma, it would be helpful to focus on holocrine secretion, squamous differentiation and foamy macrophage infiltration, and to utilize immunohistochemistry involving anti-perilipin and anti-adipophilin stain.     

Sebaceous carcinoma of the parotid gland

Summary Sebaceous carcinoma of salivary gland origin is extremely rare and, because of its rarity, the clinicopathological characteristics and the histogenesis are not fully understood. We present a case of sebaceous carcinoma of the parotid gland which brings the total number of reported cases to 22.The tumor showed epithelial cell nests which were mainly composed of sebaceous cells with marked cellular atypia. In most of the nests, glandular spaces lined by ductal epithelium were present. Scattered mucous cells and flattened eosinophilic cells at the periphery of the nests were also seen. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical observations of the tumour revealed coexistence of sebaceous and glandular differentiations in some tumour cells. Tumour cells with lipid granules often participated in the formation of glandular structures or exhibited intracytoplasmic lumina, and immunohistochemical localization of lactoferrin and secretory component, the functional markers of ductal epithelium of salivary gland, was demonstrated not only in duct-forming tumour cells but also in many sebaceous tumour cells.It seems likely that sebaceous carcinoma originates from pluripotential duct cells which can differentiate into sebaceous, ductal and mucous cells.     

Sebaceous gland metaplasia in intraductal papilloma of the breast

We report here the first case of sebaceous gland metaplasia arising within an intraductal papilloma of the breast of a 70-year-old female. Several lobules and nests composed of clear cells closely resembling sebaceous glands of the skin were discovered within an intraductal papilloma of the breast. Squamous metaplasia was also noted in certain areas of the tumor. Immunohistochemically, the cells of the lobules and nests stained positively for monoclonal antibodies anti-cytokeratin 14 and epithelial membrane antigen. This study confirms a novel type of metaplasia of the breast.     

Sebaceous carcinoma of the breast: case report and review of the literature

Sebaceous differentiation has been described in only limited examples of benign and malignant epithelial lesions of the breast. We report a rare case of mammary sebaceous carcinoma to further delineate its morphologic features. Microscopically, the tumor, arising in the right mammary gland of a 63-year-old woman, was composed of well-defined solid sheets or lobules of atypical epithelial cells including many large pale or clear cells with often scalloped nuclei and coarsely vacuolated cytoplasm, in which abundant lipid droplets were identified with oil-red-O staining. Immunohistochemical expressions of cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, and receptors of estrogen and progesterone were detected, whereas GCDFP-15, S-100 protein, vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin, p63, androgen receptor, and the HER2/neu protein were not expressed. Besides, a subset of the tumor cells co-expressed synaptophysin, neurofilament, and PGP9.5, suggesting neuroendocrine differentiation that is a hitherto undescribed phenomenon in the mammary tumors with sebaceous features. This case would expand the morphologic diversity of carcinoma of the breast.     

Immunohistochemical identification of actomyosin-containing (myoepithelial) cells in non-neoplastic and neoplastic tissues.

Actomyosin-containing cells in both non-neoplastic and neoplastic tissues of the salivary gland, lung, breast and some other organs were studied by immunofluorescent microscopy using antiactomyosin rabbit serum. In the breast, myoepithelial-like cells with positive immunofluorescence in the cytoplasm were observed not only in sclerosing adenosis and fibroadenoma but also in scirrhous and medullary-tubular duct carcinomas. No positive cells were observed in medullary carcinomas with lymphoid infiltration. The actomyosin positive cells were also seen at the outer layer of tubules of "mixed tumors" and of cell nests in adenoid cystic carcinoma and in myoepithelioma of the salivary gland, but not in the metaplastic squamous cells or in the cells of myxomatous and chondroid areas of "mixed tumor". In carcinoma of the lung, actomyosin-positive cells were observed in adenoid cystic carcinomas and adenocarcinoma of the bronchial gland type, but they were not seen in squamous cell carcinomas or papillary adenocarcinomas. It was concluded that the actomysoin-containing cells with structural appearances of myoepithelial cells in a variety of tumors were neoplastic myoepithelial cells.     

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION OF ACTOMYOSIN-CONTAINING (MYOEPITHELIAL) CELLS IN NON-NEOPLASTIC AND NEOPLASTIC TISSUES

Actomyosin-containing cells in both non-neoplastic and neoplastic tissues of the salivary gland, lung, breast and some other organs were studied by immunofluorescent microscopy using antiactomyosin rabbit serum. In the breast, myoepithelial-like cells with positive immunofluorescence in the cytoplasm were observed not only in sclerosing adenosis and fibroadenoma but also in scirrhousgand medullary-tubular duct carcinomas. No positive cells were observed in medullary carcinomas with lymphoid infiltration. The actomyosin positive cells were also seen at the outer layer of tubules of "mixed tumors" and of cell nests in adenoid cystic carcinoma and in myoepithelioma of the salivary gland, but not in the metaplastic squamous cells or in the cells of myxomatous and chondroid areas of "mixed tumor". In carcinoma of the lung, actomyosin-positive cells were observed in adenoid cystic carcinomas and adenocarcinoma of the bronchial gland type, but they were not seen in squamous cell carcinomas or papillary adenocarcinomas.
It was concluded that the actomysoin-containing cells with structural appearances of myoepithelial cells in a variety of tumors were neoplastic myoepithelial cells.     

Sebaceous carcinoma of the submandibular gland with high-grade malignancy: Report of a case

A case of sebaceous carcinoma arising in the left submandibular gland of a 66-year-old man is reported. The clinical and pathological examinations revealed a carcinoma, which was of salivary gland In origin, with regional lymph nodal metastases. Pathological findings showed features of highgrade sebaceous carcinoma with spindle myoepitheliomatous differentiation. Neither squamous cell nor duct epithelial-like cell differentiation was noted. lmmunohistochsmically, tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin, S-100 protein and vimentin. Lipid was demonstrated in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells. Ultrastructurally, tumor cells contained numerous intracyto-plasmic lipid droplets. Myoepitheliomatous differentiation is rare in sebaceous carcinoma of the salivary gland. Presented is the second reported case of sebaceous carcinoma arising in the submandibular gland.     

Sebaceous gland and sweat gland carcinomas of the skin. Clinicopathological study and significance of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein expression.

Thirteen sebaceous gland carcinomas and 10 sweat gland carcinomas were examined to elucidate any important histological parameters influencing their prognosis, and the relationship between immunohistochemical expressions of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein and survival of the patients was analyzed. Sebaceous gland carcinomas with vacuolated cytoplasm in more than 50% of whole tumor area, with necrosis, and without lymphoid cell infiltration in tumor nests and stroma had a higher incidence of tumor recurrence and tumor-related death than tumors with vacuolated cytoplasm in 50% or less of whole tumor area (p < 0.01), without necrosis, and with lymphoid cell infiltration in tumor nest and stroma (p < 0.05). Sweat gland carcinomas of all cases with fatal outcomes demonstrated tubular differentiation in 20% or less of whole tumor area, lymphatic permeation and desmoplastic reaction. Three sebaceous gland carcinomas and three sweat gland carcinomas were positive for c-erbB-2 oncoprotein. Two of three sebaceous gland carcinomas, and all three sweat gland carcinomas developed tumor recurrence and ended in tumor-related deaths. Sweat gland carcinomas with c-erbB-2 expression had significantly shorter survival than those with negative immunostain (p < 0.01). Cytoplasmic appearance, tumor necrosis, and lymphoid cell infiltration in tumor nests and stroma of sebaceous gland carcinoma, and tubular differentiation, lymphatic permeation, and growth patterns of sweat gland carcinoma are considered to closely correlate to the prognosis. Immunohistochemically detected c-erbB-2 oncoprotein may be an indicator of bad prognosis.     

Sebaceous Gland and Sweat Gland Carcinomas of the Skin Clinicopathological Study and Significance of c-erbB-2 Oncoprotein Expression

Thirteen sebaceous gland carcinomas and 10 sweat gland carcinomas were examined to elucidate any important histological parameters influencing their prognosis, and the relationship between immunohistochemical expressions of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein and survival of the patients was analyzed. Sebaceous gland carcinomas with vacuolated cytoplasm in more than 50% of whole tumor area, with necrosis, and without lymphoid cell infiltration in tumor nests and stroma had a higher incidence of tumor recurrence and tumor-related death than tumors with vacuolated cytoplasm in 50% or less of whole tumor area (p < 0.01), without necrosis, and with lymphoid cell infiltration in tumor nest and stroma (p < 0.05). Sweat gland carcinomas of all cases with fatal outcomes demonstrated tubular differentiation in 20% or less of whole tumor area, lymphatic permeation and desmoplastic reaction. Three sebaceous gland carcinomas and three sweat gland carcinomas were positive for c-erbB-2 oncoprotein. Two of three sebaceous gland carcinomas, and all three sweat gland carcinomas developed tumor recurrence and ended in tumor-related deaths. Sweat gland carcinomas with c erbB 2 expression had significantly shorter survival than those with negative immunostain (p < 0.01). Cytoplasmic appearance, tumor necrosis, and lymphoid cell infiltration in tumor nests and stroma of sebaceous gland carcinoma, and tubular differentiation, lymphatic permeation, and growth patterns of sweat gland carcinoma are considered to closely correlate to the prognosis. Immunohisto-chemically detected c erbB 2 oncoprotein may be an indicator of bad prognosis. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 585–594, 1992.