寻常性银屑病患者皮损及外周血miRNA表达谱的研究

目的：探讨寻常性银屑病患者皮损及外周血miRNA表达谱系,寻找表达一致的miRNA。方法用基因芯片技术筛选17例银屑病皮损和外周血miRNA,通过验证筛选出差异性miRNA,探讨其与银屑病皮损和面积严重度指数（PASI）的相关性。结果利用Agilent Human miRNA芯片技术,得出银屑病皮损和外周血中相一致的15个miRNA,经过RT?qPCR技术验证,表达一致的miRNA有7个,其中miR?30e?5p、miR?192?5p、miR?17?3p、miR?1227?5p的表达量与银屑病患者PASI评分呈负相关（P＜0.05）;miR?125b?5p、miR?642a?5p、miR?29a?5p与PASI评分无明显相关性（P＞0.05）。结论寻常性银屑病患者皮损组织和血浆中存在着表达一致的miRNA,这些miRNA有望作为评估银屑病患者病情严重程度的生物标记物之一。     

神经生长因子及其高亲和受体酪氨酸激酶、低亲和公共受体p75NTR在扁平苔藓皮损中的表达及意义

【摘要】 目的 检测神经生长因子（NGF）及其受体TrkA、p75NTR在扁平苔藓皮损中的表达。 方法 应用免疫组化ABC法检测32例扁平苔藓皮损和12例健康人皮肤石蜡标本NGF及其受体TrkA、p75NTR表达状况。 结果 NGF及TrkA在32例扁平苔藓皮损表皮角质形成细胞中均有不同程度的表达（++ ～ +++）,表达部位为细胞质,高于健康人皮肤NGF（- ～ +）及TrkA（- ～ +）的表达,两组间差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.01）;而p75NTR的表达两组差异无统计学意义。扁平苔藓皮损中NGF与TrkA表达呈正相关（R2 = 0.535,P < 0.01）。NGF及其受体TrkA、p75NTR在扁平苔藓不同发病年龄、部位以及不同性别患者角质形成细胞中的表达差异均无统计学意义。 结论 NGF通过其高亲和受体TrkA在扁平苔藓的发病中可能起着一定的作用。     

扁平苔藓皮损中EGR-1和IL-6的表达

目的：检测早期生长反应因子-1（EGR-1）和白介素-6（IL-6）在扁平苔藓（LP）皮损中的表达。方法：采用免疫组织化学技术检测30例扁平苔藓和30例正常皮肤组织中EGR-1和IL-6的表达。结果：EGR-1与IL-6在扁平苔藓组织中的表达明显高于正常皮肤组织，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），且二者在扁平苔藓皮损处的表达呈正相关（r=0．502，P=〈0．05）。结论：EGR-1和IL-6的高表达可能参与了扁平苔藓的发病。     

慢性湿疹皮损中糖皮质激素受体-α表达下调

目的：探讨糖皮质激素受体-α（glucocorticoid receptor α，GRα）在慢性湿疹皮损中的表达。方法：采用逆转录-多聚酶链式反应（RT—PCR）和SP免疫组化染色技术检测慢性湿疹皮损中GRα的表达情况。结果：与正常对照皮肤相比，慢性湿疹皮损中GRα的mRNA和蛋白表达均显著下调。结论：慢性湿疹中GRα表达下调可能会干扰皮损局部糖皮质激素的抗炎机制，降低外用糖皮质激素的疗效。     

microRNA在炎症性皮肤病中作用的研究进展

【摘要】 microRNA（miRNA）是一类转录后调控基因表达的非编码RNA分子,参与皮肤各种病理生理过程。近年来,miRNA表达谱的变化已被报道与部分炎症性皮肤病相关,例如miR-203、miR-146a、miR-21在银屑病皮损中表达上调;miR-155、miR-146a在特应性皮炎皮损中表达上调;miR-21、miR-223、miR-142-3p、miR142-5p在过敏性接触性皮炎皮损表达上调;而miR-146a、miR-155在系统性红斑狼疮患者外周血表达下调;miR-223在皮肌炎皮损中表达下调等。本文综述miRNA与部分炎症性皮肤病发生、发展之间的联系。     

扁平苔藓皮损中缺氧诱导因子1α、血管内皮生长因子和蛋白激酶B的表达

目的：探讨扁平苔藓皮损中缺氧诱导因子1α（HIF?1α）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）和蛋白激酶B（P?Akt）的表达与血管形成及凋亡的关系。方法免疫组化法和TUNEL法检测32例扁平苔藓患者皮损和20例脂肪瘤皮肤石蜡标本HIF?1α、VEGF和P?Akt表达和细胞凋亡情况,同时用CD34标记血管内皮细胞,计算微血管密度（MVD）。结果 HIF?1α、VEGF和P?Akt在32例扁平苔藓组皮损表皮角质形成细胞中均有不同程度的表达（++～+++）,HIF?1α表达部位为细胞核,VEGF和P?Akt表达部位为细胞质,高于对照组HIF?1α、VEGF和P?Akt（-~++）的表达,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（均P<0.01）。扁平苔藓组皮损处MVD为（21.27±6.54）个/高倍视野（×200）,对照组MVD为（10.26±1.10）个/高倍视野（×200）,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（t=5.607,P<0.01）。扁平苔藓组表皮层角质形成细胞的凋亡指数（72.81%±9.234%）显著高于对照组（28.16%±3.464%）,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（t=8.431,P<0.01）。扁平苔藓皮损中HIF?1α、VEGF和P?Akt的表达水平间均呈正相关（r值分别为0.625,0.453,0.455,均P<0.01）。HIF?1α、VEGF和P?Akt的表达与MVD均呈正相关（r值分别为0.721,0.646,0.671,均P<0.01）。结论 HIF?1α及其下游靶基因VEGF、P?Akt在扁平苔藓的发病中可能起一定的作用。     

p53基因沉默对HaCaT细胞MicroRNA表达谱的影响

目的 研究p53基因沉默前后HaCaT细胞microRNA（miRNA）的差异表达谱并进行相关功能分析。方法 利用慢病毒介导的RNAi对培养的HaCaT细胞株进行p53基因沉默,通过Trizol法抽提细胞总RNA,PEG（聚乙二醇）方法分离miRNA,T4RNA连接酶荧光标记后进行miRNA芯片杂交,利用Genepix 4000B 图像分析软件和Genepix Pro 6.0软件进行数据分析,生物信息学方法检索出p53基因沉默前后HaCaT细胞差异表达的miRNA调控的靶基因,选取每个miRNA调控的前20个靶基因进行靶基因功能及KEGG分析。结果 p53基因沉默前后HaCaT细胞中发现53个差异表达的miRNA,其中41个表达上调,12个下调（差异 ＞ 2倍）。上调超过200倍的miRNA有：hsa-miR-141-3p、hsa-miR-15a-5p、hsa-miR-27a-3p、hsa-miR-130b-3p、hsa-miR-19a-3p;下调超过75%的miRNA有：hiv1-miR-TAR-3p、hsa-miR-630、hsa-miR-1246、hsa-miR-1275。靶基因预测和靶基因KEGG分析结果显示,部分靶基因与MAPK信号通路、代谢通路、肿瘤侵袭等有关。结论 hsa-miR-141-3p等9个miRNA及其调控的靶基因可能参与p53的分子调控。 【关键词】 基因,p53; 角蛋白细胞; 微RNAs; 基因沉默; 芯片分析技术     

扁平苔藓皮损中caspase-3和Bax蛋白的表达

目的：探讨凋亡相关蛋白半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3（caspase-3）和Bax在扁平苔藓皮损中的表达及其意义。方法：采用免疫组化SP法对29例扁平苔藓患者皮损组织和10例正常人皮肤组织中caspase-3和Bax的表达进行检测。结果：扁平苔藓皮损组织中caspase-3和Bax蛋白表达水平均明显高于正常皮肤组织，组间比较差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．01）。而且caspase-3蛋白表达与Bax的表达有显著相关性（P〈0．05）。结论：Caspase-3和Bax可能通过诱导扁平苔藓皮损处角质形成细胞的凋亡而参与扁平苔藓的发病。     

多梳基因家族蛋白在常见皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤及淋巴组织增殖性疾病中的表达

【摘要】 目的 探讨表观遗传抑制因子PcG家族成员果蝇zeste基因增强子的人类同源物1/2（EZH1/EZH2）、胚胎外胚层发育蛋白（EED）及胚胎干细胞抑制蛋白（SUZ12）在常见皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤及淋巴组织增殖性疾病（CTCL/ LPD）中的表达。方法 收集2012—2019年于中国医学科学院皮肤病医院确诊的93例CTCL/LPD及8例扁平苔藓皮损石蜡标本，行免疫组化染色，观察EZH2、EED、SUZ12及EZH1蛋白表达。采用SPSS 25.0软件进行卡方检验及Spearman相关分析。结果 93例中包括44例蕈样肉芽肿（MF）、17例NK/T细胞淋巴瘤（NK/TCL）及原发性皮肤间变大细胞淋巴瘤（PC?ALCL）、淋巴瘤样丘疹病（LyP）、种痘水疱病样淋巴组织增殖性疾病（HV?like LPD）及皮下脂膜炎样T细胞淋巴瘤（SPTCL） 各8例。93例CTCL/LPD中83例（89.2%）EZH2、81例（87.1%）EED、78例（83.9%）SUZ12、37例（39.8%）EZH1阳性；8例扁平苔藓中1例EZH2、8例EZH1阳性，EED、SUZ12全阴性。CTCL/LPD与扁平苔藓4种蛋白的表达分级差异均有统计学意义（χ2分别为41.75、39.74、39.36及32.83，均P < 0.001），且MF、NK/TCL、PC?ALCL、LyP、HV?like LPD及SPTCL与扁平苔藓的表达差异亦均有统计学意义（α = 0.008 3，均P < 0.001）。同时，EZH2与EZH1的表达评分在MF、NK/TCL、PC?ALCL、LyP、HV?like LPD及SPTCL中均呈负相关（rs分别为-0.60、-0.68、-0.89、-0.74、-0.93、-0.80，均P < 0.05）。结论 PcG家族成员EZH2、EED、SUZ12及EZH1在CTCL/LPD中表达异常。     

尖锐湿疣患者环状RNA芯片的差异表达

目的分析尖锐湿疣患者皮损组织环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)芯片的差异表达。方法采用环状RNA微阵列芯片技术对4例尖锐湿疣患者和3例正常对照进行circRNA初步研究,挑选出6个显著差异表达的circRNAs,并利用定量实时逆转录聚合酶链反应进行验证。结果与对照组相比,尖锐湿疣组患者表达异常的circRNAs共有378个,其中142个circRNAs表达上调,236个circRNAs表达下调(fold change≥1. 5,P 0. 05)。生物学信息分析显示差异表达的circRNA与miRNA有关,下调表达的hsa_circRNA_104121可能通过调控hsa-miR-143-3p影响上皮细胞生物学行为。结论尖锐湿疣组织存在多个差异表达的circRNAs,后者通过与相应的miRNA结合在尖锐湿疣的发病过程中发挥重要作用,涉及细胞增殖、凋亡等多个方面,值得进一步探讨。     

Laser capture microdissection followed by next‐generation sequencing identifies disease‐related microRNAs in psoriatic skin that reflect systemic microRNA changes in psoriasis

Psoriasis is a systemic disease with cutaneous manifestations. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non‐coding RNA molecules that are differentially expressed in psoriatic skin; however, only few cell‐ and region‐specific miRNAs have been identified in psoriatic lesions. We used laser capture microdissection (LCM) and next‐generation sequencing (NGS) to study the specific miRNA expression profiles in the epidermis (Epi) and dermal inflammatory infiltrates (RD) of psoriatic skin (N = 6). We identified 24 deregulated miRNAs in the Epi and 37 deregulated miRNAs in the RD of psoriatic plaque compared with normal psoriatic skin (FCH > 2, FDR < 0.05). Interestingly, 9 of the 37 miRNAs in RD, including miR‐193b and miR‐223, were recently described as deregulated in circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with psoriasis. Using flow cytometry and qRT‐PCR, we found that miR‐193b and miR‐223 were expressed in Th17 cells. In conclusion, we demonstrate that LCM combined with NGS provides a robust approach to explore the global miRNA expression in the epidermal and dermal compartments of psoriatic skin. Furthermore, our results indicate that the altered local miRNA changes seen in the RD are reflected in the circulating immune cells, suggesting that miRNAs may contribute to the pathogenesis of psoriasis.     

microRNA-mediated keratinocyte hyperproliferation in psoriasis vulgaris

Background Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by intense proliferation and abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes, although the pathogenesis is still not completely clarified. Objectives We investigated the mechanism of keratinocyte proliferation seen in psoriasis, focusing on microRNA (miRNA). Materials and methods miRNAs were extracted from tissues and sera of psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and healthy control. To determine pathogenic miRNAs, we performed miRNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array analysis. The results were confirmed with quantitative real‐time PCR, in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, transient transfection of siRNA and inhibitor in cultured keratinocytes and Western blotting. Results PCR array analysis using tissue miRNA demonstrated miR‐424 level was markedly decreased in psoriasis skin in vivo. Protein expression of mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEK1) or cyclin E1, predicted target genes of miR‐424, was increased in psoriatic skin, although their mRNA levels were not. The transfection of specific inhibitor of miR‐424 in normal human keratinocytes led to upregulation of MEK1 or cyclin E1 protein, and resulted in increased cell proliferation. On the other hand, cell number was significantly decreased when cells were transfected with siRNA for MEK1 or cyclin E1. Furthermore, we first investigated serum miRNA levels in psoriasis. Although not significant, serum miR‐424 concentration tended to be decreased in patients with psoriasis compared with healthy controls. Conclusions Decreased miR‐424 expression and subsequently increased MEK1 or cyclin E1 may play a key role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Investigation of the regulatory mechanisms of keratinocyte proliferation by miRNA may lead to new treatments and a disease activity marker.     

Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma shows a distinct miRNA expression profile and reveals differences from tumor-stage mycosis fungoides

The miRNA expression profiles of skin biopsies from 14 primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (C-ALCL) patients were analysed with miRNA microarrays using the same control group of 12 benign inflammatory dermatoses (BID) as previously used to study the miRNA expression profile of tumor-stage mycosis fungoides (MF). We identified 13 differentially expressed miRNAs between C-ALCL and BID. The up-regulation of miR-155, miR-27b, miR-30c and miR-29b in C-ALCL was validated by miRNA-Q-PCR on independent study groups. Additionally, the miRNA expression profiles of C-ALCL were compared with those of tumor-stage MF. Although miRNA microarray analysis did not identify statistically significant differentially expressed miRNAs, miRNA-Q-PCR demonstrated statistically significantly differential expression of miR-155, miR-27b, miR-93, miR-29b and miR-92a between tumor-stage MF and C-ALCL. This study, the first describing the miRNA expression profile of C-ALCL, reveals differences with tumor-stage MF, suggesting a different contribution to the pathogenesis of these lymphomas.     

MicroRNA expression differs in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas and healthy skin of immunocompetent individuals

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is one of the most common skin cancers, but the influence of microRNA (miRNA) expression has only been sporadically analysed. We hypothesized that miRNAs are differentially expressed in cSCC and hence influence its development. We therefore isolated total miRNA from well‐differentiated cSCCs and from controls without SCC. Expression analyses of 12 miRNAs showed three significantly differentially expressed miRNAs. We identified a significant upregulation of the miR‐21 and the miR‐31, a proto‐oncogene like miR‐21. While the upregulated expression of miR‐21 has been known for some time, the increased expression of miR‐31 was never shown so clearly. Furthermore, we showed the upregulation of miRNA‐205, which has never been described before. The miR‐205 induces specific keratinocyte migration and could be a characteristic marker for cSCC. It has to be determined in following studies whether these upregulated expressions are specific for cSCC and if so, for which cSCC stages.     

Serum miRNA expression profiles change in autoimmune vitiligo in mice

It is widely believed that non‐segmental vitiligo results from the autoimmune destruction of melanocytes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non‐coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression, are involved in the immune cell development and function and regulate the development of autoimmune diseases. Recent studies demonstrate that functional miRNAs can be detected in the serum and serve as biomarkers of various diseases. In the present study, we used a mouse autoimmune vitiligo model, in which melanocyte autoreactive CD4⁺ T cells were adoptively transferred into Rag1^?/? host mice. Serum miRNA expression was profiled in vitiligo developed mice and control mice using TaqMan RT‐PCR arrays. We have found that the expressions of 20 serum miRNAs were changed in vitiligo mice compared to control mice. Three increased miRNAs, miR‐146a, miR‐191, and miR‐342‐3p, were further confirmed by a single TaqMan RT‐PCR. Our findings suggest that miRNAs may be involved in vitiligo development and serum miRNAs could serve as serum biomarkers for vitiligo in mice.     

蕈样肉芽肿与扁平苔藓、银屑病浸润细胞的免疫组化比较

目的 探讨免疫表型对蕈样肉芽肿与扁平苔藓、银屑病鉴别诊断的意义.方法 应用ABC免疫组化技术检测15例蕈样肉芽肿,17例银屑病和17例扁平苔藓,6例正常人皮肤的CD1a、CD4、CD8、ICAM-1、LFA-1、HLA-DR(树枝状细胞)、CD30和CD7的表达情况.结果 蕈样肉芽肿表皮CD1a,CD30,ICAM-1(单一核细胞P<0.001,树枝状细胞P<0.01)的阳性细胞密度明显高于扁平苔藓、银屑病、正常人皮肤.蕈样肉芽肿表皮CD4,CD8,HLA-DR的阳性细胞密度明显高于扁平苔藓.蕈样肉芽肿真皮中CD1a阳性细胞的线性密度(P<0.01),真皮内ICAM-1和LFA-1阳性细胞百分比亦较扁平苔藓增多(P<0.05).蕈样肉芽肿表皮CD7阳性细胞与扁平苔藓、银屑病比较差异无统计学意义.银屑病和扁平苔鲜真皮内CD7阳性细胞百分比高于蕈样肉芽肿和正常人皮肤.结论 蕈样肉芽肿和扁平苔藓、银屑病皮损CD1a、CD4、CD8、ICAM-1、LFA-1、HLA-DR、CD30和CD7免疫表型有差异,其结果可为探讨发病机制提供线索.     

Circulating miR-142-3p levels in patients with systemic sclerosis

Background. Recently, increased evidence has shown that serum micro (mi)RNA levels are a useful biomarker for the diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic value of various diseases. However, serum miRNA has not been investigated in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), to our knowledge. Aim. To investigate the possibility that serum levels of Homo sapiens miR‐142 stem‐loop (hsa‐miR‐142‐3p), one of the miRNAs regulating the expression of integrin αV, could be a specific disease marker for SSc. Methods. Serum samples were obtained from 61 patients with SSc and 20 healthy controls. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), dermatomyositis (DM) and scleroderma spectrum disorder (SSD), who did not fulfil American College of Rheumatology criteria for SSc but might develop SSc in the future, were included as disease controls in this study. miRNAs were purified from serum, and miR‐142‐3p levels were measured with a quantitative real‐time PCR assay. Results. Serum miR‐142‐3p levels in patients with SSc were significantly higher than in patients with SSD, SLE or DM, and healthy control groups. Patients with increased miR‐142‐3p levels tended to have a short sublingual frenulum. Conclusions. Our data indicate that serum levels of miR‐142‐3p may be elevated specifically in patients with SSc, correlating with the severity of this disease, and may be useful diagnostic markers for the presence of SSc and for the differentiation of SSc from SSD.