人工股骨头置换术与全髋关节置换术治疗老年移位股骨颈骨折的远期疗效观察

目的探讨人工股骨头置换术与全髋关节置换术治疗年龄70岁老年移位股骨颈骨折的远期疗效。方法回顾性分析自1995-02—2002-02诊治的252例老年(年龄70岁)移位股骨颈骨折,137例行骨水泥型人工股骨头置换术治疗(半髋组),115例行全髋关节置换术治疗(全髋组)。以术后12年为随访截点,观察并比较2组的远期疗效,疗效评定标准:①假体生存率;②假体脱位发生率;③髋关节翻修率;④改良髋关节功能Harris评分。结果术后12年随访时,半髋组32例(23.3%)存活,全髋组18例(15.4%)存活,2组假体生存率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。半髋组与全髋组在随访期间均未出现假体脱位及髋关节翻修情况,假体脱位发生率与髋关节翻修率均为0。术后12年随访时半髋组改良髋关节功能Harris评分为(70.3±16.3)分,全髋组为(69.3±20.0)分,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论人工股骨头置换术与全髋关节置换术治疗老年移位股骨颈骨折的远期疗效无明显差异,建议对年龄70岁、不合并髋关节骨性关节炎及类风湿性关节炎的患者行骨水泥型人工股骨头置换术治疗。     

半髋和全髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的疗效比较

目的 比较全髋和半髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法 将78例老年股骨颈骨折患者根据手术方式不同分为全髋组(39例，采用全髋关节置换术治疗)和半髋组(39例，采用半髋关节置换术治疗)。比较两组髋关节置换时关节位置及角度、手术情况、术后不良症状发生情况，采用Harris评分标准评价髋关节功能改善情况。结果 患者均获得随访，时间7～41个月。手术时间、术中出血量、术中补液量、住院时间、术后出血量半髋组明显短(少)于全髋组(P<0.05)。髋关节置换时髋臼前倾角、外展角两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。末次随访时髋关节功能Harris评分优良率半髋组高于全髋组(P<0.05)。术后不良症状发生情况、末次随访时下肢负重情况两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 半髋与全髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折均能获得满意疗效，相较于全髋关节置换术，半髋关节置换术手术时间短、操作简单、创伤小，更适合老年患者。     

全髋和半髋关节置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折的疗效比较

目的 比较全髋关节置换和半髋关节置换治疗老年GardenⅢ、Ⅳ型股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法 将86例老年股骨颈骨折患者根据治疗方法不同分为全髋组(采用全髋关节置换术,43例)和半髋组(采用半髋关节置换术,43例)。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、输血例数、住院时间、术后并发症。采用髋关节Harris评分评价髋关节功能。结果 患者均获得随访,时间3～12个月。手术时间、术中出血量全髋组长(多)于半髋组(P 0. 05)。术后髋关节功能优良率全髋组高于半髋组(P 0. 05)。术后并发症发生率全髋组低于半髋组(P 0. 05)。两组住院时间、输血例数比较差异均无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论 全髋关节置换与半髋关节置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折各有优劣,需把握合适的适应证,根据患者的身体条件和对术后功能需求选择合适的手术方案。     

全髋与半髋关节置换术治疗老年人股骨颈骨折结果比较

目的 比较全髋关节置换术与半髋关节置换术治疗老年人完全移位股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法 将1995～2001年在我院治疗的262例60岁以上有移位的股骨颈骨折患者分为两组，A组为全髋关节置换术，B组为人工股骨头置换术。随访12～78个月，平均37个月。结果 按Harris评分标准，A组术后优良率达到93.8％；B组术后优良率达78.4％，单极与双极股骨头置换组之间结果没有明显的差别；人工股骨头置换后有5例需行全髋翻修手术；双极人工股骨头置换中有2例发生双极之间脱位，7例出现假体周围骨溶解。结论 人工股骨头或全髋关节置换术是治疗老年股骨颈骨折的有效方法，可提高老年人的生活质量，减少并发症。全髋关节置换结果优于人工股骨头置换。     

全髋与半髋关节置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折的疗效对比

［摘要］目的 比较全髋关节置换术与人工股骨头置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床效果。方法 选取江门市中心医院2012年1月~2016年1月收治的老年股骨颈骨折的患者71例,根据治疗方法不同分为全髋置换组35例和半髋置换组36例。全髋置换组患者采用全髋关节置换术治疗,半髋置换组患者采用人工股骨头置换术治疗。比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、住院时间、术后下床活动时间及临床疗效,并观察两组患者并发症发生情况。结果 全髋置换组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、住院时间多于半髋置换组,术后下地活动时间也短于半髋置换组;全髋置换组患者治疗效果优良率为91.43%,半髋置换组优良率为77.78%,两组间差异有统计学意义;两组患者早期并发症总发生率无统计学意义,但全髋置换组远期并发症低于半髋置换组。结论 人工股骨头置换术与全髋关节置换术对治疗老年股骨颈骨折各有优缺点,作者结果符合文献报道。     

全髋与半髋关节置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折的疗效对比

目的比较全髋关节置换术与人工股骨头置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床效果。方法选取江门市中心医院2012年1月~2016年1月收治的老年股骨颈骨折的患者71例,根据治疗方法不同分为全髋置换组35例和半髋置换组36例。全髋置换组患者采用全髋关节置换术治疗,半髋置换组患者采用人工股骨头置换术治疗。比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、住院时间、术后下床活动时间及临床疗效,并观察两组患者并发症发生情况。结果全髋置换组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、住院时间多于半髋置换组,术后下地活动时间也短于半髋置换组;全髋置换组患者治疗效果优良率为91.43%,半髋置换组优良率为77.78%,两组间差异有统计学意义;两组患者早期并发症总发生率无统计学意义,但全髋置换组远期并发症低于半髋置换组。结论人工股骨头置换术与全髋关节置换术对治疗老年股骨颈骨折各有优缺点,作者结果符合文献报道。     

全髋关节置换术与半髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的疗效比较

目的比较全髋关节置换术与半髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床疗效。方法将80例老年股骨颈骨折患者随机分为两组,分别采用全髋关节置换术(全髋组,n=40)和半髋关节置换术(半髋组,n=40)治疗。采用Harris评分标准对患者术后6~12个月的髋关节功能恢复情况进行评价。结果患者均获得随访,时间6~12个月。半髋组的术后并发症发生率(32.5%)高于全髋组(5.0%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Harris功能评分优良率全髋组(90.0%)优于半髋组(72.5%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论全髋关节置换术治疗老龄股骨颈骨折患者较半髋关节置换术效果更好。     

不同关节置换术式治疗老年Garden Ⅲ、Ⅳ型股骨颈骨折疗效及安全性比较

目的探讨全髋关节和半髋关节置换术式治疗老年GardenⅢ、Ⅳ型股骨颈骨折临床近远期疗效及安全性差异。方法笔者自2009-04—2012-04诊治老年GardenⅢ、Ⅳ型股骨颈骨折130例,分别采用全髋关节置换术(全髋组)和半髋关节置换术式(半髋组)治疗,比较2组手术相关指标、术后Harris评分及并发症发生率等。结果半髋组手术时间、术中失血量及引流量均显著优于全髋组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);2组总住院时间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);2组术后1年髋关节功能Harris评分优良率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);全髋组术后3年Harris髋关节功能评分优良率显著高于半髋组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);全髋组术后并发症发生率显著低于半髋组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论全髋关节置换术治疗老年GardenⅢ、Ⅳ型股骨颈骨折可有效促进远期髋关节功能恢复,降低术后并发症发生风险;而半髋关节置换术式则有手术时间短和减少术中创伤小的优点。     

快捷小切口与常规切口人工髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的疗效对比

目的 对比快捷小切口与常规切口行人工髋关节置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床疗效.方法 将240例老年移位股骨颈骨折随机分为全髋置换小切口组、全髋置换常规切口组、半髋置换小切口组、半髋置换常规切口组(各60例).对每组切口长度、手术时间、出血量、术后引流量、下地活动时间、术后Harris评分方面进行统计学分析.结果 全髋置换、半髋置换组中小切口与常规切口组在切口长度、手术时间、出血量、术后引流量、下地活动时间方面差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);术后6周Harris评分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).小切口组术后疗效优于常规切口组.结论 快捷小切口人工髋关节置换术具有切口小、手术时间短、创伤小、出血少、瘢痕小、术后功能恢复快等优点,是治疗老年移位股骨颈骨折的理想方法.     

人工全髋和半髋关节置换治疗老年移位股骨颈骨折临床效果观察

目的 探讨人工全髋和半髋关节置换治疗老年移位股骨颈骨折临床效果。方法 选择我院2009年2月至2011年2月股骨颈股骨老年患者共120例,上述患者分为两组,观察组和对照组。观察组和对照组均在全身麻醉或者持续硬膜外麻醉下实施手术,健侧卧位,后侧入路,采用关节置换常规技术,观察组植入人工半髋关节生物型假体,对照组植入人工全髋关节生物型假体。记录两组患者手术时间、术中出血量和术后引流情况;两组患者随访结束时根据髋关节Harris评分对髋关节功能进行评分。结果 观察组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组Harris评分与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 人工全髋和半髋关节置换治疗老年移位股骨颈骨折,均具有良好疗效,但后者手术时间短、术中出血少,手术创伤小,并发症少。     

Total hip arthroplasty: optimal treatment for displaced femoral neck fractures in elderly patients

Although internal fixation is recommended for most nondisplaced fractures of the femoral neck, the optimal treatment for displaced fractures of the femoral neck is controversial. Options for operative treatment of displaced fractures of the femoral neck include: reduction and internal fixation; unipolar hemiarthroplasty; bipolar hemiarthroplasty; and total hip arthroplasty. One hundred eighty-six displaced fractures of the femoral neck in elderly patients were treated surgically with internal fixation (in 120 patients), hemiarthroplasty (in 43 patients), and total hip arthroplasty (in 23 patients). One hundred twenty patients with displaced fractures treated with internal fixation were compared with 66 patients with displaced fractures treated with arthroplasty. Criteria for comparison were reoperation, mortality, hospital discharge disposition, functional outcome, living status, and cost effectiveness. There was no difference in rates of reoperation or mortality, but arthroplasty produced a longer interval to reoperation or death. Arthroplasty was associated with more independent living, and arthroplasty was more cost-effective than internal fixation. Total hip arthroplasty was the best treatment for displaced fractures of the femoral neck in elderly patients in this series.     

Displaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly: outcomes and cost effectiveness

The optimal treatment for displaced femoral neck fractures in elderly patients is a matter of controversy. Four surgical options are well supported in the orthopaedic literature: reduction with internal fixation, unipolar hemiarthroplasty, bipolar hemiarthroplasty, and total hip arthroplasty. Based on a review of the outcomes literature regarding treatment of femoral neck fractures and a cost-effectiveness analysis, an algorithm for surgical treatment of displaced femoral neck fractures in elderly patients is presented. Cost-effectiveness analysis of these four surgical treatment options shows that arthroplasty is the most cost-effective treatment when complication rate, mortality, reoperation rate, and function are evaluated during a 2-year postoperative period. These data were strongly supported by a two-way sensitivity analysis that varied the effectiveness of the interventions and the costs. Literature derived outcome studies show that elderly patients with displaced femoral neck fractures achieve the best functional results with a well healed femoral neck without osteonecrosis after reduction and internal fixation. Achieving this result may be difficult, and it is not as cost effective as arthroplasty.     

高龄老年人股骨颈骨折人工全髋与半髋关节置换术的选择

目的探讨全髋关节置换术与半髋关节置换术在高龄老年人（≥85岁）股骨颈骨折中的疗效比较。方法本组在2004年至2007年共收治67例股骨颈骨折的高龄患者,其中17例采用全髋关节置换术治疗;其余50例采用半髋关节置换术治疗。随访3个月～4年,平均3．1年。对两组患者的手术时间、手术出血量、住院时间、住院费用、并发症、关节功能等进行比较。结果全髋关节置换组的平均手术时间、术中出血量、住院费用等明显要多于半髋关节置换组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。住院时间、并发症、关节功能等比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论对高龄老年人（≥85岁）股骨颈骨折的治疗尽可能采用简单有效的手术方法,半髋关节置换术完全可以满足该类患者的需求。     

Intracapsular hip fractures in end-stage renal failure

Patients with end-stage renal failure (ESRF) have metabolic bone disease. This increases the risk of femoral neck fracture and increases the risk of complications associated with fracture fixation such as non-union and avascular necrosis (AVN). We report the results of treatment in a consecutive series of 15 intracapsular fractures of the hip occurring in 13 patients with ESRF over a 5-year period. Six intracapsular hip fractures (of which five were undisplaced) were treated by internal fixation. Five out of these six (mean=83.3%) required conversion to total hip arthroplasty because of non-union or AVN. In all six of these patients, internal fixation was considered adequate post operatively. Of the remaining nine intracapsular hip fractures treated by hemiarthroplasty, only one required conversion to total hip arthroplasty because of stem subsidence (mean=11%). The difference in the revision rate for the two groups i.e. primary fixation versus primary hemiarthroplasty was statistically significant (p-value=0.01). The six patients with undisplaced intracapsular fractures treated by internal fixation required a total of 14 major operations, at an average rate (including initial fracture fixation and revision surgery) of 2.3 per patient. The 9 displaced fractures treated by hemiarthroplasty required just 10 operations in total, at an average rate of 1.1 per patient. (The difference was significant; p-value=0.006.) The 1-year mortality in the whole group (13 patients with 15 fractures) was 44.4%. We suggest that patients with ESRF with an intracapsular fracture of the neck of femur should be treated by replacement arthroplasty irrespective of femoral head displacement because of the high risk of revision surgery associated with internal fixation.     

半髋关节置换与全髋关节置换治疗股骨颈骨折的系统评价

目的 应用Cochrane系统评价的方法,评价半髋关节置换与全髋关节置换治疗股骨颈骨折的效果差异,以期为临床选择髋关节置换的方式提供依据. 方法 计算机检索MEDLINE(1975年至2007年5月)、Cochrane图书馆(2007年第2期)、EMBASE(1980至2007年)、ScienceDirect数据库(1975年至2007年5月)、LWW全文数据库(1975年至2007年5月)和中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM,1978至2007年)、中文生物医学期刊目次数据库(CMCC,1994至2007年)、中国医学学术会议论文数据库(CMAC,1994至2007年)、中国期刊全文数据库(CJFD,1994至2007年)、中文科技期刊数据库(1989至2007年).手工检索<中华创伤杂志>、<中华骨科杂志>、<中华创伤骨科杂志>、<中国矫形外科杂志>、<创伤外科杂志>和<实用骨科杂志>,均从创刊检索至2007年1月,收集半髋关节置换与全髋关节置换治疗股骨颈骨折的随机对照实验.纳入研究的方法学质量按Cohrane Reviewer's Handbook4.2.6随机对照试验的质量标准进行评价.采用Cochrane协作网提供的Review Manager 5软件进行Meta分析. 结果 纳入随机对照实验6篇,共788例患者.Meta分析显示,半髋关节置换与全髋关节置换相比,后者治疗后翻修率低(RR合并=2.27,95%CI=1.36～3.81,P=0.002),术后疼痛发生率低(RR合并=11.83,95%CI=5.11～27.39,P<0.01),但术后假体脱位发生率高(RR合并=0.59,95%CI=0.38～0.94,P=0.020).同时在不同的评分标准下,全髋置换术后髋关节功能都优于半髋置换.在术后死亡率、切口感染率方面,两者差异无统计学意义(P<0.05). 结论 半髋关节置换与全髋关节置相比,全髋置换能降低翻修率、减轻术后疼痛、提高术后髋关节功能,半髋置换能够减少假体脱位、手术时间、术中出血.但是在术后死亡率、切口感染率方面,两者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).     

Total hip arthroplasty and hemiarthroplasty in mobile, independent patients with a displaced intracapsular fracture of the femoral neck. A randomized, controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Hemiarthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty are commonly used to treat displaced intracapsular fractures of the femoral neck, but each has disadvantages and the optimal treatment of these fractures remains controversial. METHODS: In the present prospectively randomized study, eighty-one patients who had been mobile and lived independently before they had sustained a displaced fracture of the femoral neck were randomized to receive either a total hip arthroplasty or a hemiarthroplasty. The mean age of the patients was seventy-five years. Outcome was assessed with use of the Oxford hip score, and final radiographs were assessed. RESULTS: After a mean duration of follow-up of three years, the mean walking distance was 1.17 mi (1.9 km) for the hemiarthroplasty group and 2.23 mi (3.6 km) for the total hip arthroplasty group, and the mean Oxford hip score was 22.3 for the hemiarthroplasty group and 18.8 for the total hip arthroplasty group. Patients in the total hip arthroplasty group walked farther (p=0.039) and had a lower (better) Oxford hip score (p=0.033) than those in the hemiarthroplasty group. Twenty of thirty-two living patients in the hemiarthroplasty group had radiographic evidence of acetabular erosion at the time of the final follow-up. None of the hips in the hemiarthroplasty group dislocated, whereas three hips in the total hip arthroplasty group dislocated. In the hemiarthroplasty group, two hips were revised to total hip arthroplasty and three additional hips had acetabular erosion severe enough to indicate revision. In the total hip arthroplasty group, one hip was revised because of subsidence of the femoral component. CONCLUSIONS: Total hip arthroplasty conferred superior short-term clinical results and fewer complications when compared with hemiarthroplasty in this prospectively randomized study of mobile, independent patients who had sustained a displaced fracture of the femoral neck.     

Treatment of acute femoral neck fractures with total hip arthroplasty

Between 1973 and 1983, 27 patients with acute femoral neck fractures were treated at the UCLA Medical Center with total hip arthroplasty. These cases were selected on the basis of age, high activity level, and degenerative changes in the acetabular cartilage. The average age was 72 years. There were 19 women and eight men. The average follow-up period was 3.8 years with a range of one to ten years. Methods used included analysis of clinical data, roentgenograms, final pain ratings, walking ratings, and activity levels using the UCLA rating system. Pain relief and overall functional results were better than that of most series of acute femoral neck fractures treated with hemiarthroplasty and similar to that of total hip arthroplasty series. The complication rate was slightly less than both authors' elective total hip series, and considerably less than most hemiarthroplasty series. Complications included a superficial wound infection, a urinary tract infection, and a perforated colon diverticulum. Four patients died within one year from causes unrelated to the hip arthroplasty. There were no deep infections, dislocations, or reoperations. Total hip arthroplasty in selective cases of acute femoral neck fractures can give more consistent pain relief and better functional results than hemiarthroplasty, without an increase in complications.     

Failure of internal fixation of displaced femoral neck fractures in rheumatoid patients

We reviewed the records and radiographs from 10 hospitals to identify 50 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who had sustained 52 femoral neck fractures. Most patients were female (88%), elderly (mean age 66 years) and had had severe polyarticular disease for a mean duration of 16 years. Over half had taken systemic corticosteroids, nearly all were severely osteopenic but few had rheumatoid changes in the hip. Of the 20 fractures treated by internal fixation 12 had complications including nonunion (5), osteonecrosis (5), infection (1), and intertrochanteric fracture (1). Only one of the nine undisplaced fractures required reoperation, but seven of the 11 displaced fractures had revision surgery. Twenty fractures were treated by primary total hip arthroplasty with only one early complication. The other 12 fractures had been treated by hemiarthroplasty (9), hip excision (1) or non-operatively (2). Our results suggest that, in elderly rheumatoid patients, severely displaced femoral neck fractures should be treated by total hip replacement.     

Conversion of failed hip hemiarthroplasties after femoral neck fractures

Hemiarthroplasty has been the preferred treatment for fractures of the femoral neck in elderly patients. The objective of the current study was to assess the outcome of revision of failed hemiarthroplasty to total hip arthroplasty in patients with a primary diagnosis of a femoral neck fracture. One hundred thirty-two conversions were done in 108 women and 24 men. One hundred two cemented and 30 uncemented hemiprostheses were revised to 88 cemented, 17 uncemented, and 27 hybrid total hip arthroplasties and the patients were followed up an average of 7.1 years (range, 5.1-15.3 years). Nine hips (6.8%) were revised for loosening and four additional hips (3%) were loose at the last followup. Survivorship free of revision was 96.5% (95% confidence interval, 93%-100%) at 5 years and 92% (95% confidence interval, 86%-98%) at 10 years. Major perioperative complications occurred frequently (45%), including 12 intraoperative femoral fractures (9%) and 13 dislocations (9.8%) Three of 12 (25%) of the intraoperative femoral fractures developed later femoral component loosening and all occurred during conversion of an uncemented Austin-Moore type hemiprosthesis. Conversion of endoprostheses to total hip arthroplasties after femoral neck fractures is fraught with high complication and loosening rates. Careful patient selection for each type of arthroplasty (hemiarthroplasty versus total hip arthroplasty) may help ameliorate the outcome of arthroplasty for patients with femoral neck fractures.     

A meta-analysis of total hip arthroplasty and hemiarthroplasty outcomes for displaced femoral neck fractures

Background

Total hip arthroplasty or hemiarthroplasty are used to treat displaced femoral neck fractures. However, the optimal treatment of these fractures remained controversial.

Objective

To assess the effects that compare total hip arthroplasty with hemiarthroplasty for the treatment of femoral neck fractures in the elderly.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE (January 1980 to 2010), EMBASE (January 1980 to 2010), and the Cochrane Library 2010; issue 1. Only prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compare total hip arthroplasty with hemiarthroplasty for the treatment of femoral neck fracture in the elderly were included. The analysis was performed with software RevMan5.0 from the Cochrane Collaboration.

Results

We identified seven relevant randomized controlled trials with a total of 828 participants. The meta-analysis showed relative risk of re-operation was 0.40 (95% CI?=?0.24–0.67, P?=?0.0004), the dislocation was 2.02 (95% CI?=?1.26–3.25, P?=?0.002), the mobility as functional outcome was 1.70 (95% CI?=?1.21–2.38, P?=?0.002). It was reported that the average operating room times and blood loss volumes in total hip arthroplasty were more than in hemiarthroplasty (P?Conclusions Total hip arthroplasty is associated with better functional outcome and lower reoperation rate than hemiarthroplasty in treatment of displaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly patients.