颅内多发动脉瘤的显微手术治疗体会(附18例临床分析)

目的探讨颅内多发动脉瘤(multiple intracranial aneurysms,MIA)的临床特点,手术治疗方法和临床治疗效果。方法对18例行显微手术治疗的MIA患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 12例行一期手术治疗,3例行二期手术治疗。3例只处理破裂动脉瘤。动脉瘤直接夹闭28个,包裹3个,孤立1个。术后6个月,预后按GOS分级:治愈11例,中度残疾5例,重度残疾2例。结论根据MIA临床特点,早期诊断,选择合理的治疗方案行显微手术治疗,有助于改善患者预后。     

一期手术治疗颅内多发动脉瘤的临床分析

目的探讨一期手术治疗颅内多发动脉瘤（MIA）的效果。方法回顾性分析我院经一期手术治疗的9例MIA患者的临床资料。结果9例共19个动脉瘤均成功显微手术夹闭。术后平均随访半年,其中治愈或良好5例,轻残1例,重残2例,死亡1例。结论经充分的术前评估,选择适宜的手术时机,运用熟练的显微手术操作技术,可使一期手术治疗MIA获得满意效果。     

颅内多发动脉瘤的手术治疗

目的报告29例颅内多发动脉瘤，探讨其手术时机、手术方法及影响手术疗效的相关因素。方法手术治疗颅内多发动脉瘤29例，共73个动脉瘤，一期手术17例，二期手术12例。动脉瘤直接夹闭62个，动脉瘤包裹3个，动脉瘤孤立1个，7个未破裂动脉瘤未予手术处理。结果术后恢复良好24例，差4例，死亡1例。结论正确判断多发动脉瘤中的破裂动脉瘤并首先进行处理；根据动脉瘤的部位、Hunt-Hess临床分级等因素，一期或二期处理多发动脉瘤，以期达到最佳的治疗效果。     

颅内多发动脉瘤的治疗(附76例资料分析)

目的 探讨颅内多发动脉瘤(MIA)的手术时机和手术方法的选择.方法 本组76例MIA中,同时治疗责任和非责任动脉瘤52例.仅经翼点开颅显微手术夹闭34例,其中一次性夹闭32例,分次夹闭2例;行血管内栓塞,一次性栓塞11例;栓塞结合夹闭治疗7例.仅治疗责任病灶24例.结果 手术夹闭的34例(68个)动脉瘤经DSA或CTA复查,63个夹闭完全,2个瘤颈残留,3个包裹.血管内栓塞的11例25个动脉瘤经DSA复查,22例栓塞完伞,3个动脉瘤栓塞不完全.栓塞加夹闭的7例15个动脉瘤消失.结论 MIA治疗应个体化分析,采用夹闭手术与血管内栓塞相结合,尽量一期治疗,从而降低治疗风险获得良好疗效.     

一期手术治疗颅内多发动脉瘤

目的探讨一期显微外科手术治疗颅内多发动脉瘤的手术时机、方法及效果。方法回顾分析15例38个颅内多发动脉瘤显微外科手术治疗患者的临床资料。15例均采取一期显微外科手术处理多发动脉瘤,原则是先处理破裂动脉瘤,再处理未破裂动脉瘤。结果动脉瘤直接夹闭36个,包裹1个,未处理1个。依据GOS判断预后,优良9例,轻残4例,重残2例。结论正确判断责任动脉瘤并首先处理,根据动脉瘤的部位、Hunt-Hess临床分级及病人周身状况等选择一期手术可达到良好效果。     

早期显微手术治疗颅内动脉瘤破裂(附216例分析)

目的探讨显微手术治疗破裂颅内动脉瘤的经验.方法总结216例Ⅰ～Ⅴ级颅内动脉瘤破裂病人的临床资料,包括动脉瘤的分级,手术时机的选择,脑保护剂与暂时阻断载瘤动脉联合应用,脑血管痉挛治疗,直接手术处理动脉瘤的技术等.结果术后早期良好191例,差12例,死亡13例.结论对颅内动脉瘤破裂早期采取显微手术与综合治疗措施,能有效改善病人的预后.     

脑前循环系统动脉瘤显微手术(附92例报告)

目的 探讨脑前循环系统动脉瘤的手术时机、术中动脉瘤破裂的处理和多发性动脉瘤的治疗原则。方法 回顾性分析我院自1996年12月至2005年12月92例脑前循环系统动脉瘤显微手术治疗患者的临床资料。结果 92例患者共手术夹闭动脉瘤98个，同时清除血肿20例；4例多发性动脉瘤（其中1例先行一侧动脉瘤直接夹闭术，术后40d对侧动脉瘤破裂脑疝急诊手术直接夹闭3个动脉瘤）；92例中死亡2例（大面积脑梗脑疝1例，肺部感染1例）。结论 脑前循环系统动脉瘤早期施行显微手术疗效较佳。对于多发性动脉瘤，应尽可能在一期内行单侧或双侧开颅术，先处理破裂的动脉瘤，后处理未破裂动脉瘤。手术中避免动脉瘤破裂和正确处理破裂后的出血，显微镜下充分解剖蛛网膜，避免解剖关系不清状态下盲目操作及术后积极防止血管痉挛是手术成功的关键。     

显微外科手术治疗颅内动脉瘤48例

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤的手术时机、术中动脉瘤破裂的处理和术后脑血管痉挛的防治及处理。方法回顾性分析2005年7月至2007年7月48例动脉瘤显微手术治疗患者的临床资料。结果48例均予手术夹闭动脉瘤，同时清除颅内血肿2例。术后出现症状性血管痉挛19例，其中17例经治疗后症状明显缓解。随访1～3个月，病人恢复良好者36例，轻残者8例，重残者2例，死亡2例（呼吸道感染1例，大面积脑梗死1例）。结论颅内动脉瘤早期施行显微手术疗效较好。术中避免动脉瘤破裂以及正确处理术中破裂出血，充分解剖暴露瘤体瘤颈，避免盲目操作，术后积极防治脑血管痉挛是手术成功的关键。     

持续腰大池引流配合超早期显微手术治疗47例颅内动脉瘤破裂临床分析

目的探讨持续腰大池引流配合超早期显微手术在颅内动脉瘤破裂治疗中的临床价值。方法总结47例颅内动脉瘤破裂病人的临床资料,包括动脉瘤的分级,手术时机的选择,超早期显微手术,开颅手术处理动脉瘤的技术,持续腰大池引流术,脑血管痉挛治疗。结果术后早期良好24例,轻度残疾12例,重度残疾8例,死亡3例。结论对颅内动脉瘤破裂采取超早期显微手术配合术后持续腰大池引流治疗措施,能有效改善病人的预后。     

36例颅内多发动脉瘤的治疗体会

目的 探讨颅内多发动脉瘤(MIA)的发生率、治疗原则和预后.方法 采用回顾性分析,对36例共76个MIA的临床资料进行分析.结果 14例行一侧翼点入路,夹闭动脉瘤28个,包裹2个.20例行介入栓塞40个动脉瘤.2例手术联合介入,夹闭动脉瘤4个,栓寒2个.GOS评分恢复优28例,轻残4例,重残2例,植物生存1例,死亡1例.结论 应根据动脉瘤的位置和患者的具体情况,选择显微手术、介入栓塞或手术联合介入,尽可能地在早期一期处理所有的MIA,预后良好.     

大脑中动脉镜像动脉瘤

目的 探讨大脑中动脉(MCA)镜像动脉瘤的临床特征、影像学改变及显微外科手术治疗的疗效.方法 回顾分析显微外科手术治疗的9例18个MCA镜像动脉瘤患者的临床资料.采取早期与择期、一期与分期相结合的方法处理MCA镜像动脉瘤,原则是先处理破裂动脉瘤,再处理未破裂动脉瘤.结果 动脉瘤直接夹闭17个,未处理1个.依据GOS判断:优良6例,轻残2例,重残1例.结论 将MCA镜像动脉瘤分为Ⅰ型(完全对称型)和Ⅱ型(不完全对称型)有助于判断出血的责任动脉瘤.显微外科手术治疗MCA镜像动脉瘤效果显著.

Abstract：

Objective To study the clinical characteristics, neuroradiological manifestations of mirror - image aneurysm of middle cerebral artery (MCA) and effects of microsurgical management.Method The clinical data of 9 cases with 18 mirror - image aneurysms of MCA which underwent microsurgical operation were analysed retrospectively. The mirror - image aneurysms of MCA were treated through the method of combining early - stage with select - stage operation and one - stage with two - stage operation. The operating principle was the ruptured aneurysm performed treated first and the unruptureed aneurysm performed treated second. Results Seventeen aneurysms were clipped directly and one aneurysm did not treat. Surgical outcome were good in 6 cases, light disability in 2 cases and severe disability in 1 case. Conclusions It can help to determine the responsibility aneurysm of ruptured aneurysms if the mirror - image aneurysm of MCA had been divided into Ⅰ model ( perfectly symmetry model ) and Ⅱ model ( in perfectly symmetry model). The surgical outcome were predominance if the mirror -image aneurysm of MCA performed microsurgical operation.     

显微手术治疗大脑中动脉分叉部动脉瘤

目的 探讨大脑中动脉(MCA)分叉部动脉瘤的解剖特点、临床特征、影像学表现、显微手术技巧及临床疗效.方法 回顾分析41 例MCA 分叉部动脉瘤显微外科治疗患者的临床资料,39 例有动脉瘤破裂出血的临床表现,按Hunt-Hess 分级:0～Ⅰ级5 例,Ⅱ级15 例,Ⅲ级11 例,Ⅳ级9 例,Ⅴ级1 例.64 排螺旋CT 血管造影(CTA)确诊.41 例均行显微手术治疗,手术入路为翼点入路或扩大翼点入路.对多发动脉瘤采取早期与择期、一期与分期相结合的方法处理动脉瘤,原则是先处理破裂动脉瘤,再处理未破裂动脉瘤.结果 动脉瘤夹闭38 例,动脉瘤夹闭+包裹2 例,夹闭一侧动脉瘤,另一侧动脉瘤未处理1 例.依据GOS 判断:优良31 例,轻残6 例,重残2 例,死亡2 例.结论 显微外科手术治疗MCA 分叉部动脉瘤效果显著.熟悉MCA 分叉部动脉瘤的解剖特征有助于减少术中血管损伤和术后神经功能障碍;对合并脑内血肿的MCA 分叉部动脉瘤,应急诊手术清除血肿并夹闭动脉瘤.     

颅内多发动脉瘤显微外科手术治疗体会

目的探讨显微外科手术治疗颅内多发动脉瘤的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析18例颅内多发动脉瘤患者显微外科手术病例的临床资料,通过术前Hunt-Hess分级和术后3～6个月随访格拉斯哥预后量表(GOS)评分进行评价,得出结论。结果 18例颅内多发动脉瘤患者,17例2个动脉瘤,1例3个动脉瘤;动脉瘤分布于一侧+中线部位10例,分布于左右两侧7例,分布于前循环+后循环1例。显微外科手术治疗37个动脉瘤,夹闭37个;手术单侧一切口16例,双侧两切口2例;3～6个月后随访,GOS评分5分14例,4分1例,3分1例,3分以下2例,无死亡病例。以GOS评分4～5分为预后良好标准,预后良好率为83.3%。结论显微外科手术是治疗颅内多发动脉瘤的一个有效安全的治疗手段。入路要个性化选择,对于入路对侧和深部动脉瘤要选择性夹闭,不可强行冒险夹闭。     

颅内后循环动脉瘤的临床特征及显微外科治疗

目的 探讨颅内后循环动脉瘤的临床特征、显微外科治疗的方法及其效果.方法 对2000年1月至2008年10月手术治疗的10例颅内后循环动脉瘤的临床资料进行回顾分析.结果 动脉瘤位于基底动脉分叉部4例,大脑后动脉P1-P2交界处2例,小脑后下动脉3例,小脑前下动脉1例.以蛛网膜下腔出血为临床表现者8例,以脑神经麻痹等占位效应为表现者2例;8例行单纯动脉瘤夹闭术,2例行动脉瘤夹闭及残颈包裹术.术后随访6个月至8年,恢复良好6例,中度伤残2例,重度残疾1例,死亡1例.结论 后循环动脉瘤手术较为困难,应选择合适的入路,充分显露动脉瘤和载瘤动脉,术中尽可能保护脑干、脑干穿支动脉及脑神经,以减少手术后致死致残率.     

重型破裂脑动脉瘤的手术治疗

目的 探讨重型破裂脑动脉瘤的急性期手术疗效.方法 在急性期首先通过去骨瓣减压、血肿清除、脑室外引流等手术减轻病情后,进一步对动脉瘤进行手术.结果 Hunt-Hess分级Ⅳ级50例,26例优,13例良,8例差,3例死亡.Ⅴ级者8例,2例优,1例良,2例差,3例死亡. 结论重型破裂脑动脉瘤急性期应首选手术治疗,可取得满意的疗效.     

颅内镜像动脉瘤17例临床分析

目的 探讨颅内镜像动脉瘤的临床特征和手术方法.方法 解放军第二五一医院神经外科自2006年1月至2010年6月行显微外科手术治疗颅内镜像动脉瘤患者17例,回顾性分析患者的临床资料和疗效.结果 本组动脉瘤直接夹闭35个,未作处理1个,患者行一期手术9例,夹闭动脉瘤20个.二期手术7例,第一次手术夹闭动脉瘤7个,第二次手术夹闭动脉瘤7个.1例患者行一侧动脉瘤夹闭后对侧动脉瘤未处理;11例患者术后行CTA复查,夹闭的23个动脉瘤中2例瘤颈残留,余动脉瘤均消失,载瘤动脉通畅.GOS评分显示恢复优良12例,轻残4例,重残1例.结论 显微外科手术治疗颅内镜像动脉瘤效果显著.正确判断责任动脉瘤并首先处理,根据动脉瘤的部位、Hunt-Hess临床分级及患者周身状况等选择一期、分期手术可达到良好效果.

Abstract：

Objective To study the clinical characteristics and microsurgical skills of intracranial mirror-image aneurysm. Methods The clinical data and post-operative outcomes of 17 patients with 36 intracranial mirror-image aneurysms who underwent microsurgical operation were analyzed retrospectively. Results Thirty-five aneurysms were clipped directly and 1 did not give any treatment. One-time surgery was performed in 9 patients and 20 aneurysms were clipped. Two-stage operation was performed in the other 7 patients: 7 aneurysms were clipped in the first surgery and 7 in the second one. One patient received aneurysm clipping only in one side of the brain. CTA was performed again on 11 patients, noting that residual aneurysm neck of the 2 aneurysms existed in 23 clipped aneurysms, that the other aneurysms disappeared, and that the parent arteries were clear. GOS indicated that good surgical outcomes were achieved in 12 patients, light disability in 4 and severe disability in 1.Conclusion The surgical outcomes of intracranial mirror-image aneurysm performed microsurgical operation are predominance. Criminal aneurysms should be determined correctly and clipped firstly; and according to the sites and grades of the aneurysms and the patient's condition, good outcomes can be achieved by choosing one-time operation or two-stage operation.     

Long-term outcome of 17 cases of large-giant posterior fossa aneurysm

Long-term outcome of 17 patients who harbored a large or giant aneurysm of posterior fossa was summarized. The anatomical distribution of aneurysms included eight cases of basilar artery (BA) bifurcation aneurysms, three cases of BA trunk aneurysms, and six cases of vertebral artery (VA) aneurysms. Eight patients received surgical or endovascular treatment for their lesion. The clinical outcome was good recovery in six, moderate disability in one, and vegetative state in one case, respectively. The other nine patients were followed conservatively. Four of them had fatal aneurysmal rupture, and another two patients suffered from aggravation of pre-existing symptoms related to their aneurysm. Only three patients remain intact. Comparison of the radiographic parameters between those who bled and those who did not bleed revealed that those with subsequent rupture had significantly higher rate of aneurysmal thrombus and had a trend for larger diameter of the aneurysm. Although more aggressive and multidisciplinary measure should be taken to these patients to improve their long-term outcome, our results showed the limitation of treatment for these patients in the present era at the same time. The patients with broad neck BA bifurcation aneurysm in which efferent vessels were incorporated into aneurysmal dome, and those with fusiform, giant BA trunk aneurysm with thrombus were the least amenable to treatment in our series.     

颅内复杂性动脉瘤外科处理

目的报告52例共57个颅内复杂性动脉瘤,探讨临床病理生理特征、手术方案制定以及术中处理技巧。方法52例中40例有蛛网膜下腔出血、脑受压或脑缺血等症状。18个位于颈内动脉,17个位于大脑前动脉,15个位于大脑中动脉,7个位于后循环。瘤体大小:直径≥2.5cm为15个,1.5～2.4cm为23个,≤1.5cm为19个。囊状动脉瘤50个,非囊状动脉瘤7个;以往治疗失败病例5例包含7个动脉瘤。全部病例接受手术治疗。结果根据GOS评分,疗效好36例,轻残10例,重残2例,植物生存1例,死亡3例。结论对颅内复杂性动脉瘤应采取积极外科治疗。对于瘤体巨大或解剖部位特殊、载瘤动脉近端难以显露的病例,可辅以血管内介入不可脱球囊临时阻断,或应用颅底外科技术切除骨质以利载瘤动脉及瘤周结构显露。术中常需采用串联夹闭或(和)血管成形夹闭等组合技术夹闭动脉瘤,术中应用微血管Doppler确认夹闭是否可靠有无误夹正常血管、以及评估载瘤动脉的通畅程度。     

Specific characteristics and management strategies of cerebral artery aneurysms: report of eleven cases.

Owing to the deep location of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) and its close relationship with the brainstem and surrounding vital structures, surgical treatment of aneurysms in this region is complex. This study was undertaken in an attempt to better delineate the surgical risks of PCA aneurysms. A retrospective analysis was undertaken in 11 patients with PCA aneurysm surgically treated between 1988 and 1996 at Shinshu University and its affiliated hospitals. Data regarding surgical strategy, surgical complications and outcomes were analysed. Seven aneurysms were saccular (including one mycotic) and the other four were fusiform, dissecting, thrombosed and an infundibular dilatation. The locations of the aneurysms were at the P1 segment in two patients, P1-P2 junction in two, P2 segment in six and P3 segment in one.Six saccular non-mycotic aneurysms were treated with neck clipping and the other five aneurysms were treated each with proximal occlusion of the parent artery, excision of the aneurysm or wrapping. All aneurysms were satisfactorily exposed except one large saccular aneurysm. Surgical outcomes were either good recovery or moderate disability in 10 patients, and severe disability in one patient with a large aneurysm due to temporal lobe contusion. In conclusion it is the responsibility of the surgeon dealing with rare PCA aneurysms to be aware of these specific characteristics and to appreciate which surgical technique is appropriate for each patient.