Dismembered laparoscopic pyeloplasty with antegrade placement of ureteral stent: simplification of the technique

Laparoscopic pyeloplasty is an effective treatment option for ureteropelvic junction obstruction, with success rates superior to other minimally invasive approaches. We describe our technique of laparoscopic pyeloplasty with antegrade placement of ureteral stent with a laparoscopic-guided abdominal puncture. This technique decreases the use of fluoroscopy and also facilitates renal pelvis dissection and ureteropelvic anastomosis.     

Mini-laparoscopy-assisted placement of Tenckhoff catheters: an improved technique to facilitate peritoneal dialysis

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Despite its overall efficacy and patient satisfaction with it, peritoneal dialysis has a history of significant complications, which has contributed to the evolution in the technique from open laparotomy to minimally invasive placement of the catheters. Our goal was twofold: (1) to review our early experience with a technique of mini-laparoscopy-assisted (MLA) placement of dialysis catheters compared with open placement and (2) to demonstrate that urologists are able to provide a satisfactory procedure while concurrently developing and maintaining laparoscopic skills within a residency training program. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The charts of the first 14 consecutive patients who underwent MLA placement of Tenckhoff dialysis catheters by a single surgeon (LCM) from January 1, 2000, through March 31, 2001, were reviewed. Postoperative narcotic analgesia, length of hospital stay, operative times, days until cycling, and rates of leakage, infection, and malfunction necessitating removal of catheters were compared with the corresponding data from 12 consecutive patients who underwent traditional open placement during the same time period. A telephone survey was performed to corroborate and supplement the findings from the chart review. RESULTS: Differences in complications necessitating catheter removal were not significant. The difference in the mean operative times of 41.7 minutes in the MLA group and 55.7 minutes for open placement was statistically significant. Postoperatively, the MLA group used less narcotic analgesia, had shorter hospital stays, and returned earlier to usual activities. The incidence of leakage after catheter placement was greater in the open group, although this difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The MLA technique of dialysis catheter placement appears to have similar or greater efficacy than the open technique. It is a viable teaching procedure, and with reusable 3-mm ports and shorter operative times, it is cost efficient as well.     

Experience with indwelling ureteral stent catheters.

A new indwelling ureteral stent to provide long-term ureteral drainage is described. This radiopaque stent is manufactured of non-reactive, non-collapsible tubing and is designed to resist downward expulsion and upward migration. Internal stent diversion offers advantages in managing patients whose ureters are obstructed by malignancy. 1) Endoscopic placement of the ureteral stent is associated with less morbidity and mortality than supravesical diversion. 2) Unilateral obstruction can be corrected at the time of diagnosis, thus ensuring that later supravesical diversion will not be necessary. 3) If time proves that the urinary diversion is no longer desirable in terms of quality of life, the stent can be removed.     

侵犯输尿管口型膀胱癌电切术中放置输尿管支架的技术改良

目的 研究改良后的经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术术中放置输尿管支架技术的有效性和安全性.方法 共选取首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院泌尿外科于2014年3月-2016年6月收治的侵犯输尿管管口的肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者17例,利用随机数字表法将患者分为两组:(1)改良组(A组,10例),将输尿管开口部位的肿瘤切至膀胱肌层暴露输尿管开口后,利用电切镜电切襻通道放置输尿管支架管;(2)对照组(B组,7例),同法暴露输尿管开口后,换用普通膀胱镜进行输尿管支架管置入.观察两组患者人口学及肿瘤学基线情况以及相关手术指标,利用t检验、秩和检验和Fisher精确检验对两组数据进行对比研究.结果 A、B两组间肿瘤分期、分级以及最大直径等方面差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).手术时间A组明显短于B组[分别为(39.5±14.8) min和(59.3±16.2)min,P=0.020)],术中视野清晰度评分A组明显优于B组[分别为(7.7±1.3)分和(5.9±1.2)分,P=0.010)].手术效果及并发症发病率方面两组之间差异无统计学意义.结论 通过电切镜直接置管法,可以有效提高经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术中电切输尿管口后放置输尿管支架管的效率,且不增加手术风险.     

Antegrade ureteral stent placement: positioning without use of a retraction string

PURPOSE: To evaluate a simple method of antegrade ureteral stent insertion allowing optimal positioning of the stent without the use of a retraction string. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventeen stents were placed in sixteen patients with ureteral obstruction. Materials included a long vascular introducer sheath and radiopaque markers on the tips of both the sheath and the pusher catheter. For optimal positioning of the proximal pigtail in the renal pelvis, the distal end of the sheath was used to hold a large portion of the pigtail in the extended state prior to its deployment. RESULTS: All stent placements were successful. In one case, the tip of the proximal pigtail was caught in a lower-pole calix. In another case, repeat stent placement was necessary because of recurrent stricture several months after removal of the first stent. All stents functioned properly, as demonstrated by follow-up nephrostography 2 or 3 days after each procedure. CONCLUSION: The insertion method we describe is simple, easy to perform, and fast and avoids the risks associated with the use of a retraction string.     

Allium stent placement after ureteral avulsion repair

International Urology and Nephrology -     

Characteristics and usage of different ureteral stent catheters.

Presuming that complications associated with ureteral stenting vary in type and occurrence depending on the material and cross-section of the stent, six types of stents immersed in 48 different preparations of artificial urine for 1 month to observe surface changes with a scanning electron microscope. As a result, there was less encrustation on the silicone material compared with other material types, probably due to the smoothness of the surface. This may be related with higher frequency of spontaneous removal or migration to the bladder of this catheter type. Because silicone catheters have softer and thicker walls with a narrow lumen, they may be appropriate for long-term stenting, but not for urinary drainage. In alkaline bacteriuria, struvite encrustation was observed on all stents. This reaction was especially intense with Towers peripheral stents, which had most irregular and uneven surfaces. In aseptic alkaline urine, calcium phosphate crystals partly covered with proteinaceous debris were noted on catheter surfaces. Although in some patients encrustation of uric acid occurred in the bladder portion of the stents, there was no uric acid encrustation in this experimental study.     

Knotted ureteral stent: a rare complication of ureteral stent usage

The use of ureteral stents has become a routine urological practice. There are many different complications with ureteral stent use. One rare complication is knotting, which can be a very difficult condition to treat. We report a case in which a complete knot was found in the proximal part of an indwelling ureteral stent with a proximal ureteral stone.     

Ureterosciatic hernia successfully treated by ureteral stent placement

A 76‐year‐old woman with history of cholecystectomy, hysterectomy, and vesicourethral suspension presented with acute lumbar backache and discomfort in the lower abdomen and severe nausea, with frequent vomiting, but without any associated fever. Physical examination revealed knocking tenderness at the left costal–vertebral angle. The patient's serum white blood cell count was 14 900 /mm³ and the results of other laboratory tests, including urinalysis, were normal. Non‐enhanced computed tomography revealed left hydroureteronephrosis and obstruction of the distal left ureter with herniation into the sciatic foramen. A left ureteral stent was inserted with a double‐J stent. The stent was removed after 2 months and thereafter the patient did not experience any recurrence.     

Intracaval migration: an uncommon complication of ureteral Double-J stent placement

A Double-J stent may be used for ureteral injury because of a gynecologic procedure. Intravascular migration of a Double-J stent into the inferior vena cava as an uncommon complication of ureteral stent placement is reported. Percutaneous removal of the migrated stent was performed through the left femoral vein under angiographic and fluoroscopic guidance.