包头市区0～3岁婴幼儿母乳喂养与体格发育关系的研究

目的了解包头市区母乳喂养与体格发育的关系。方法以2008年以后出生的年龄在0～3岁的在包头市东河区妇幼健康机构进行体格发育指标测量的市区婴幼儿为调查对象,对婴幼儿父母进行回顾性问卷调查,询问内容包括婴幼儿基本状况、体格测量、1岁以内喂养方式。结果随着月龄的增长,母乳喂养率逐渐下降。不同月龄段喂养方式的构成发生明显变化。4个月以内以完全母乳喂养为主;4～8月以混合喂养为主;10月以后人工喂养为主要喂养方式6个月内婴儿完全母乳喂养组体重、身长、头围、胸围均明显高于其他两种喂养组,6～12月婴儿完全母乳喂养、混合喂养组体重、身长、头围、胸围都高于人工喂养组。结论包头市区6个月内婴儿的主要喂养方式为母乳喂养,而喂养方式与体格发育有关。     

喂养方式对婴幼儿智能发育的影响研究

目的比较母乳喂养、混合喂养与人工喂养对婴儿智能发育的影响。方法选择足月出生的正常体重儿348例,分母乳喂养、混合喂养和人工喂养3组,纳入婴儿分别于1、3、6月龄进行丹佛智能筛查表（DDST）发育测试,同时记录6个月内患呼吸道感染、肺炎、腹泻、佝偻病等疾病的情况。结果婴儿常见病患病率以母乳喂养组最低、混合喂养组次之,人工喂养组最高,且3组中两两比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。3组婴儿在1、3、6月龄的DDST压线项目通过率中,大多数项目通过率母乳喂养组〉混合喂养组〉人工喂养组,且差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。其中3月龄中62．5％的项目,3组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;6月龄中38．46％的项目,3组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论母乳是4个月内婴儿的最佳食物,其营养素齐全,能够减少患病率、全面满足婴儿体格生长,同时适时添加高质量的辅食对婴儿智能发育的作用是不可忽视的。     

婴幼儿营养发育与喂养行为相关性分析

目的探讨婴幼儿营养发育与喂养行为的相关性。方法采用跟踪访谈调查方法,利用精确度5g的ACS型电子称测量婴幼儿体质量,利用精确度为0．1em的WB-Ⅱ卧式婴儿身长测量器测量婴儿身长以显示婴幼儿的发育状况。分别对0-4个月（包含4个月）的婴幼儿分别采用母乳喂养、人工喂养、混合喂养方式下婴幼儿营养发育状况进行调查：对0-18个月不同时间添加辅食后。婴幼儿营养状况进行对比分析。结果≤4个月采用母乳喂养方式婴幼儿营养稍差的比例为24．32％．采用人工喂养的营养稍差比例为52．63％,采用混合喂养的营养稍差的比例为25．00％：≤4个月添加辅食的婴幼儿营养稍差的比例为10％,4-6个月添加辅食的婴幼儿营养稍差所占比例为6％,〉6个月添加辅食的婴幼儿营养稍差所占比例为50％,不添加辅食的婴幼儿营养稍差的比例为34％。结论婴幼儿在4个月以下采用母乳喂养的其发育状况较采用人工喂养方式喂养的有较明显的优势。婴幼儿在4-6个月时添加辅食对其营养发育最有利。应当积极向市民宣传科学合理的婴幼儿喂养方式,以期显著提高婴幼儿营养发育水平。     

早期喂养方式对1岁以下婴幼儿肥胖的影响

目的探讨早期喂养方式对1岁以下婴幼儿肥胖的影响。方法对462例1岁以下婴幼儿的体格发育资料进行回顾性调查分析,以0~4个月喂养方式的不同分为母乳喂养组298例和人工喂养组164例,比较两组婴幼儿在不同月龄的肥胖及超重+肥胖的发生率。结果两组在月龄为3个月、6个月时的肥胖率和超重+肥胖率比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);在9、12个月时,母乳喂养组的肥胖率和超重+肥胖率均较之人工喂养低,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论给予母乳喂养能够预防出现婴幼儿的早期超重和肥胖症,具有显著的保护作用。     

婴儿6个月前喂养方式与健康关系探讨

目的探讨婴儿6个月前不同的喂养方式与健康关系,宣传母乳喂养的好处,提高母乳喂养率.方法在2 003年1-6月份,针对我院儿保辖区内305例满6个月的婴儿及家长进行调查,其中母乳喂养儿168例,人工喂养儿137例,分别分组研究.侧量婴儿的身高、体重,了解婴儿患病情况及心理发育程度.其资料采用SPSS统计软件处理.结果婴儿6个月时母乳喂养组体格生长、抗病能力、心理发育方面均明显优于人工喂养组,差异有显著意义(P＜0.05).结论婴儿6个月前采用母乳喂养利于婴儿健康.必须提倡母乳喂养方式,提高母乳喂养率.     

不同喂养方式对0~12个月婴儿智能发育影响的观察

目的探讨不同喂养方式对0¹2个月婴儿智能发育的影响,为提高人口素质提供数据支持。方法把常规保健012个月婴儿智能发育的影响,为提高人口素质提供数据支持。方法把常规保健0¹2个月婴儿分为母乳喂养组和人工喂养组,采用北京儿童研究所012个月婴儿分为母乳喂养组和人工喂养组,采用北京儿童研究所0⁶岁小儿神经心理发育量表对不同喂养方式婴儿进行智能测试,分别选取两组6个月、12个月智能测试结果进行比较。结果母乳喂养组与人工喂养发育商DQ均值进行比较;母乳喂养组6个月、12个月DQ分别高出人工喂养值3.08、7.82分,差异有统计意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。再把两组DQ分级比较,母乳喂养组6个月、12个月良好、临界状态水平的比例和人数分别高于、低于人工喂养,差异有统计意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。母乳喂养组与人工喂养组均无1例智力低下。结论母乳对婴儿智能发育具有良好的促进作用。     

母乳喂养对婴儿发病率影响探讨

为了更进一步证明母乳喂养可降低婴儿发病率这一事实,尤其是婴儿机体情况和外界条件相差不多而喂养方式不同时,其患病情况存在着很大的差异。我们对我院1995~1999年期间住院的860例6个月以内的患儿做了统计分析。1 临床资料对象：足月产。生后6个月以内病例,确定喂养方式后分组。其中母乳喂养组180例(20.9%),人工喂养组387例(45%),混合喂养组193例(34%)。2 统计结果三组患儿各种疾病的构成情况见附表。附表 各种疾病患病率状况病名总例数母乳喂养方式人工混合母乳构成比%人工混合上感15226725417.1047.3735.53肺炎3127614010523.6843.6…     

社区婴幼儿缺铁性贫血影响因素和防治措施

目的:了解6-12月龄婴儿营养性贫血状况,探讨引起患病的影响因素,寻求降低患病率的有效方法,以便更好地为做好婴儿营养性贫血预防提供依据。方法:标本来源于上海市梅陇社区卫生服务中心儿童保健门诊从2016年10-2017年10月接受我院系统管理的体检中4-6个月龄婴儿300例为分析对象,其中男婴为190例,女婴为110例。按照贫血的分类标准,将患儿分为母乳喂养组和人工喂养组,患儿血红蛋白测定采用氰化高铁血红蛋白法。结果:梅陇社区4-6月龄缺铁性贫血患病率为22%,其中母乳喂养贫血发生率是12.3%,人工喂养贫血的发生率是13.3%。结论:虽然母乳喂养值得提倡,但是在提倡母乳喂养的同时,应该注意合理添加辅食和适时补充铁元素,以有效地降低婴幼儿缺铁性贫血的发生率,无论母乳喂养、混合喂养、人工喂养,都要及时适量添加辅食和补铁剂,可以有效预防婴幼儿缺铁性贫血的发生。     

不同喂养方法对4～6个月婴儿身高体重的影响

本文调查了黄山市屯溪地区１９９３～１９９４年出生的４０１名婴儿不同喂养方法对体格发育的影响。结果表明，母乳喂养组（２３９例）的婴儿身高和体重明显高于同月龄儿的牛乳喂养组（１６２例）婴儿。因此，母乳喂养是儿童体格健康发育的主要措施，必须大力倡导母乳喂养，创建爱婴医院。     

某社区0～36月龄常规体检婴幼儿贫血情况分析

目的:了解某社区0~36月龄常规免费体检婴幼儿的贫血情况,为婴幼儿贫血的防治工作提供借鉴和帮助。方法:选取2016年1月~12月期间在某社区健康服务中心接受免费儿童保健的1000例0~36月龄婴幼儿作为研究对象,采集体检婴幼儿的指尖末梢血作为检测标本,对其外周血液中的血红蛋白浓度进行检测,并对其进行贫血诊断分析。结果:1000例0~36月龄婴幼儿中,检出贫血的婴幼儿共有391例,贫血患病率为39.10%。在年龄方面,6月龄婴幼儿的贫血患病率为54.49%,12月龄婴幼儿的患病率为43.63%,24月龄婴幼儿的患病率为35.22%,36月龄婴幼儿的患病率为29.30%,随着月龄的增长,婴幼儿的贫血患病率逐渐下降。在性别方面,男性婴幼儿与女性婴幼儿的贫血患病率比较,无统计学差异(P0.05)。在喂养方式方面,母乳喂养婴幼儿的贫血患病率为30.88%,人工喂养婴幼儿的贫血患病率为52.80%,二者比较,存在统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:某社区0~36月龄常规免费体检婴幼儿的贫血患病率与全国婴幼儿水平相对一致,其患病率会随着年龄的增长而逐渐下降,而喂养方式是影响婴幼儿贫血的主要因素,儿童保健机构应加大母乳喂养的宣传力度,积极改善婴幼儿的膳食结构,以减少婴幼儿贫血的发生。     

早产儿早期母乳和配方奶微量喂养的对比研究

目的探讨早期母乳微量喂养和配方奶微量喂养对早产儿胃肠功能、NEC的影响。方法将本科2011年6～12月收治的96例早产儿随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组为母乳微量喂养,对照组为配方奶微量喂养,观察并比较两组患儿喂养并发症的发生情况及1周后的生长发育情况。结果治疗组在喂养不耐受及NEC的发生率均低于对照组,且体重增长速度也较对照组有明显提高（P〈0．05）。呕吐、腹胀等喂养不耐受情况较对照组明显减少（P〈0．05）。结论早期给予母乳微量喂养可减少喂养并发症的发生,并能促进患儿生长发育。     

When and why are babies weaned?

A prospective study was designed to investigate the weaning practices of 50 primiparous mothers whose babies were born between September 1976 and March 1978. The question whether the age of weaning influenced growth from birth to 6 months was also considered. The mothers and babies were seen in hospital and then at a follow-up clinic at 1, 2, 3, and 6 months. Details were taken of feeding practices, and measurements made of the babies' weight, length, and subscapular and triceps skinfold thicknesses. Seventeen infants who were breastfed received their first solid food at a mean age of 13.8 weeks, compared with 8.3 weeks for the 33 bottle-fed infants. Most (38) mothers weaned because they though their babies were hungry (crying after a feed or demanding more frequent feeds, or both). The age of weaning did not influence weight gain, growth in length, or change in skinfold thicknesses. The results suggest that the "4-month rule" for weaning is unrealistic. The decision to wean should be based more on the mother's interpretation of her baby's needs than on age alone.     

家庭喂养行为对婴幼儿体格发育的影响

目的：探索婴幼儿生长发育与家庭喂养行为之间的关系。方法采用前瞻性研究方法,对所选的516例研究对象按一般人口统计学信息调查,并在18、24月龄进行身高、体质量、头围、胸围的测量和对喂养行为进行评价。采用Pearson相关分析。结果（1）喂养行为得分与婴幼儿体格发育指标呈正相关,（2）婴幼儿18月龄时体质量、头围、24月龄时身长与喂养行为评分呈显著相关（P＜0．05）。（3）食物的制备与婴幼儿18月龄时体质量具有显著相关性（ P＜0．05）;婴幼儿行为在18月龄时与婴幼儿本身的身长、体质量、头围、胸围均显著相关;24月龄时与其胸围显著相关（P＜0．05）;婴幼儿的喂养环境在18月龄时与其身长、体质量、头围均具有显著相关性（P＜0．05）。结论良好的家庭喂养行为对婴幼儿的体格发育具有一定程度的促进作用。     

How much energy does the breast fed infant consume and expend?

Energy intake in breast fed infants is uncertain. The doubly labelled water method was used to measure, simultaneously and non-invasively, energy expenditure, energy intake, milk volume intake, energy deposition, and the energy content of breast milk in 12 "free living" breast fed babies at 5 and 11 weeks of age. The validity of this new approach was assessed in a parallel study in 12 formula fed infants. The babies who were exclusively breast fed expended 1.28 and 1.68 MJ/day at five and 11 weeks and had intakes of 1.81 and 2.22 MJ/day; these intakes were associated with normal growth but were well below those recommended previously. At five and 11 weeks the calculated energy content of breast milk was 0.24 and 0.25 MJ/100 ml, which is substantially lower than that commonly reported in milk obtained unphysiologically by expression of the breast. These data cast doubt on the widely used published standards for infant feeding.     

Effect on growth of two different dexamethasone courses for preterm infants at risk of chronic lung disease. A randomized trial.

A randomized study was designed to evaluate the effects of two different dexamethasone courses on the growth of preterm infants. The first phase included 30 preterm infants at high risk for chronic lung disease (CLD). 15 babies (moderately early dexamethasone group) were treated with dexamethasone for 14 days, from the 10th day of life, and received a total dose of 4.75 mg/kg; 15 babies were assigned to the control group. The second phase included 30 preterm infants at high risk for CLD. 15 babies (early dexamethasone group) were treated with dexamethasone for 7 days, from the 4th day of life, and received a total dose of 2.38 mg/kg; 15 babies were assigned to the control group. All the main clinical baseline characteristics were similar between the groups both in the first and in the second phase. Infants given the two dexamethasone courses showed significantly reduced weight gain during the period of treatment when compared to the respective control group, but they had a weight catch-up soon after the end of treatment. At 30 days of life the weight and length gain of each treated group were similar to those of control infants, but the moderately early dexamethasone group showed a significantly poorer head growth. No differences between the groups were observed at discharge. Dexamethasone treatment induces a slower weight gain which is time-limited to the period of treatment and is followed by a body weight catch-up. However, the poorer head growth detected at 30 days of life in the infants who received a higher dose of dexamethasone could indicate important adverse effects, possibly dose-related, on postnatal brain growth and development.     

Breast feeding and some reasons for electing to wean the infant: a report from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study.

Data are presented on the prevalence of breast feeding among 1037 Dunedin mothers who gave birth to infants between April 1972 and March 1973 and their reasons for weaning. Although breast feeding was becoming more common at that time, more than two-thirds of the mothers weaned their babies as a result of the difficulties they encountered. One of the most significant factors in lactation failure is the mismanagement of breast feeding by health professionals.     

早产儿母乳喂养中应用母乳强化剂的可行性分析

目的:探讨早产儿母乳喂养中应用母乳强化剂的可行性.方法:出生胎龄<34周、出生体重<2000g的200例早产儿分为强化母乳组(试验组)和早产院内配方奶组(对照组)各100例,试验组开始用早产母乳喂养,当喂养量达到100ml/(kg·d)时开始添加母乳强化剂;对照组全部用早产院内配方奶喂养.对两组的体格生长速度、合并症进...     

早产儿与足月儿在1岁以内体格发育比较

目的了解早产儿在受到干预后的体格生长发育情况,且与足月儿比较,看能否追赶上足月儿,为今后评价早产儿的发育提供一些依据。方法按整群抽样法对2000～2006年在西南医院做过儿童保健检查的106例早产儿及106例正常足月儿的体格发育资料进行统计归纳,进行独立样本t检验。结果早产儿体重在出生时存在显著差异性(Ρ<0.01),2、4月龄时存在差异性(Ρ<0.05),6月龄后差异无显著性(P>0.05);身高、头围在2、4月龄时存在差异性(Ρ<0.05),6月龄后差异无显著性(P>0.05);胸围、血红蛋白在2月龄时存在差异性(Ρ<0.05),4月龄后差异无显著性(P>0.05);早产儿由于孕期短,出生时和出生后2～4月体格发育低于足月儿。结论早产儿在受到干预后的体格发育能良好的生长,且有一个快速的追赶期,最佳时期是1岁以内,特别是前半年,并且能追赶上足月儿,故家长们只要采取科学的喂养方法及按时做儿童保健检查,接受专业医生的正确指导,早产儿是能够健康成长的。     

Indices of mercury contamination during breast feeding in the Amazon Basin

Mercury pollution, due to gold mining has spread through the Amazon ecosystem reaching the food chain and affecting the indigenous people of the region. We studied the mercury contamination of 47 mothers and infants and the role of breast feeding in indices of mercury body burden in both groups, by measuring hair and milk Hg levels. Total mercury concentration of breast milk ranged from 0.0 to 24.8 (5.85, 5.2 S.D.) ng/g. Calculated levels of mercury exposure of breast fed babies indicated that 53% were above tolerable daily intakes (0.5 μg/kg body weight) recommended for adults by WHO. Mercury concentration in maternal hair was higher than in hair from breast-fed babies. Correlation analysis showed that mercury hair concentration in infants was significantly affected by maternal mercury contamination during pregnancy, but not during the post-natal breast-feeding period. The mercury concentration in milk was not significantly correlated with maternal or infant's hair Hg. A statistically significant correlation was found only between maternal and infant's hair mercury concentration (r=0.675; P=0.0001).