先天性心脏病危险因素1∶1配对病例对照研究

目的：探讨先天性心脏病（congenital heart disease,CHD）发生的危险因素,为研究CHD的病因及其科学的预防措施提供参考依据。方法：采用以医院为基础的1∶1配对病例对照研究,对CHD组和对照组儿童的父母进行统一的问卷调查。对所有研究因素经单因素分析和多因素条件Logistic回归分析,筛选出与CHD发生相关的危险因素。结果：研究分析了260对CHD患儿和对照的资料,按a=0.05水准,用单因素Logistic回归分析对研究因素进行单因素分析,初步筛选出21个可疑危险因素,用多因素条件Logistic回归模型进行多因素综合分析,最终筛选出与CHD发生相关的5个因素,包括3个危险因素：母亲年龄（＞35岁：OR=3.075,P=0.010;＜20岁：OR=5.084,P=0.012）、被动吸烟（少量：OR=1.728,P=0.040;经常：OR=3.903,P=0.000）、孕早期感冒（OR=1.787,P=0.023）,2个保护因素：规律服用叶酸（OR=0.447,P=0.004）、食用肉类（≥4次/周：OR=0.293,P=0.001;1~3次/周：OR=0.372,P=0.008）。结论：孕早期是胎儿心脏发育的关键时期,母亲高龄或低龄、接触烟草、孕早期感冒会增加胎儿发生CHD的风险,而规律服用叶酸、多食用肉类则对胎儿有保护作用。     

宁夏南部山区儿童先天性心脏病发生的危险因素分析

目的探讨与宁夏南部山区儿童先天性心脏病（CHD）发生有关的环境危险因素。方法采用1∶病例对照研究方法,对病例组和对照组患儿的父母亲发放统一问卷,采用单因素分析及多因素Logistic回归分析方法对21个变量进行分析。结果共调查了113名病例和113名对照,运用检验,按a=0.05水准,从21个可能危险因素中筛选出8个变量,将8个变量引入Logistic回归模型,最终筛选出5个危险因素,按照影响由强到弱的顺序依次为母亲孕早期感冒史、母亲孕期被动吸烟史、母亲孕期有害物质接触史、母亲孕早期不良精神因素、父亲有害物质接触史。结论应加强孕前父母亲的健康教育、孕期保健,以减少危险因素的接触。     

先天性心脏病危险因素1:1配对病例对照研究

目的 探讨与先天性心脏病(CHD)发生有关的危险因素.方法 采用分层按比例整群抽样的方法,在安徽省蚌埠市16 698名0～5岁儿童中筛查出86例CHD患儿.采用1: 1配对病例对照研究方法,对照者为同性别、出生时间相差不超过1个月的健康儿童.采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析进行CHD的危险因素分析.结果 最终筛选出与CHD发生相关的4个危险因素,分别为母亲孕早期接触有毒化学物、孕早期呼吸道感染、有不良生育史、居住地附近有河流,其OR值分别为1.745、1.747、1.644和1.487.结论 母亲孕早期接触有毒化学物或发生呼吸道感染、有不良生育史、居住地附近有河流是新生儿CHD的主要危险因素.     

先天性心脏病危险因素1∶1配对病例对照研究

目的 探讨与先天性心脏病(CHD)发生有关的危险因素.方法 采用分层按比例整群抽样的方法,在安徽省蚌埠市16 698名0～5岁儿童中筛查出86例CHD患儿.采用1: 1配对病例对照研究方法,对照者为同性别、出生时间相差不超过1个月的健康儿童.采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析进行CHD的危险因素分析.结果 最终筛选出与CHD发生相关的4个危险因素,分别为母亲孕早期接触有毒化学物、孕早期呼吸道感染、有不良生育史、居住地附近有河流,其OR值分别为1.745、1.747、1.644和1.487.结论 母亲孕早期接触有毒化学物或发生呼吸道感染、有不良生育史、居住地附近有河流是新生儿CHD的主要危险因素.     

中国围产儿先天性心脏病危险因素Meta分析

目的:系统评价中国围产儿先天性心脏病发生的主要危险因素,为其防治工作提供参考?方法:对国内26篇关于先天性心脏病发病危险因素的研究文献进行Meta分析?累计病例7 964例,对照12 929例?根据齐性检验结果计算各危险因素合并比值比(OR)及其95%可信区间(95%CI)模型?结果:先天性心脏病各危险因素的OR值及95%CI分别为:流产史1.69(1.24~2.31)?环境噪音1.28(0.39~4.19)?孕期检查胎儿异常2.31(1.25~4.27)?孕期服用药物1.88(1.57~2.23)?接触有害物质3.46(2.11~5.66)?近亲婚配史2.88(1.88~4.40)?被动吸烟1.16(0.69~1.95)?孕早期精神因素2.58(1.36~4.91)?父亲饮酒1.88(1.44~2.45)?孕早期感冒3.06(2.17~4.32)?结论:流产史?孕期检查胎儿异常?孕期服用药?早期精神因素?父亲饮酒?近亲婚配和孕早期感冒是先天性心脏病的危险因素?     

先天性心脏病危险因素1:1配对病例对照研究

目的:探讨先天性心脏病(congenital heart disease,CHD)发生的危险因素,为研究CHD的病因及其科学的预防措施提供参考依据。方法:采用以医院为基础的1∶1配对病例对照研究,对CHD组和对照组儿童的父母进行统一的问卷调查。对所有研究因素经单因素分析和多因素条件Logistic回归分析,筛选出与CHD发生相关的危险因素。结果:研究分析了260对CHD患儿和对照的资料,按α=0.05水准,用单因素Logistic回归分析对研究因素进行单因素分析,初步筛选出21个可疑危险因素,用多因素条件Logistic回归模型进行多因素综合分析,最终筛选出与CHD发生相关的5个因素,包括3个危险因素:母亲年龄(>35岁:OR=3.075,P=0.010;<20岁:OR=5.084,P=0.012)、被动吸烟(少量:OR=1.728,P=0.040;经常:OR=3.903,P=0.000)、孕早期感冒(OR=1.787,P=0.023),2个保护因素:规律服用叶酸(OR=0.447,P=0.004)、食用肉类(≥4次/周:OR=0.293,P=0.001;1~3次/周:OR=0.372,P=0.008)。结论:孕早期是胎儿心脏发育的关键时期,母亲高龄或低龄、接触烟草、孕早期感冒会增加胎儿发生CHD的风险,而规律服用叶酸、多食用肉类则对胎儿有保护作用。     

先天性心脏病危险因素的1:2病例对照研究

目的 探索先天性心脏病发生的可能危险因素及其交互作用，评估各危险因素在先天性心脏病发生中的相对重要性，为先天性心脏病的预防和诊治提供科学依据。方法 采用1：2配比的病例对照研究设计，对病例和对照的亲生父亲和(或)母亲，用统一的调查表进行现场询问。对所有研究因素用单因素和多因素条件Logistic回归进行筛选，引入交互作用项，建立并评价最优回归模型。结果 研究共调查了72名病例和144名对照，进入分析的资料共66组。按a=0．10水准，用单因素条件Logistic回归分析对51个研究因素进行初筛后确定16个可疑危险因素进行多因素条件Logistic逐步回归分析，最终筛选出本次研究与先天性心脏病发生有关的危险因素7个，各变量间不存在交互作用。这些因素按对先天性心脏病发生作用由强到弱依次为：孕生活事件精神刺激(z=3．20，P=0．0014)、本胎孕前妊娠次数(Z=2．62，P=0．0087)、孕早期感染史(Z=2．60，P=0．0094)、母亲最高学历(Z=-2．53，P=0．0114)、孕12周内感冒(Z=2．40，P=0．0163)、孕3个月内B超检查(Z=2．29，P=0．0223)和出生时是否缺氧或窒息(Z=1．98，P=0．0477)。结论 先天性心脏病发生的独立危险因素，按对先天性心脏病发生的作用强弱依次为孕生活事件精神刺激、母亲本胎孕前妊娠次数、母亲孕早期感染史、母亲最高学历、孕12周内母亲感冒、母亲孕3个月内B超检查和出生时是否缺氧或窒息，未发现这些因素间存在对先天性心脏病发生的交互作用。     

中国人群先天性心脏病发病危险因素的Meta分析

目的探讨中国人群先天性心脏病发病的危险因素。方法通过检索PubMed、MEDLINE、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国期刊全文数据库等2000-2010年中国人发表的关于先天性心脏病发病危险因素相关文献,运用Stata 11.0中meta-analysis模板对文献数据进行统计分析。结果共纳入20篇文献(病例组3 076人,对照组60 617人)。除被动吸烟外(合并OR值为0.93,95%CI为0.56～1.54),各危险因素OR值均>1(各研究因素合并OR分别为精神刺激:3.10;孕早期感冒:2.92;不良生育史:1.59;化学物质接触:2.76;妊娠合并症:1.93;父亲嗜酒:2.33;噪音污染:1.46),且95%CI均不包括1。结论精神刺激、孕早期感冒、化学物质接触、妊娠合并症、父亲嗜酒、不良生育史、噪音污染均可视为中国人群先天性心脏病的危险因素,被动吸烟在本研究中尚不能视为先天性心脏病的危险因素。     

基于三级信息系统的儿童先天性心脏病筛查的临床研究

目的充分利用廊坊市妇幼保健信息系统平台,提高对儿童先天性心脏病（congenital heart disease,CHD）的筛查质量,分析研究本地区儿童CHD发病率及影响因素,为当地政府决策提供可靠依据。方法采用望诊、听诊和彩色多普勒超声心动图相结合的方法对辖区内儿童进行监测。对确诊阳性患儿采用1∶2配对的病例对照研究方法、通过单因素分析和多因素条件logistic回归分析逐步筛选危险因素。结果廊坊市儿童CHD发病率为2.299%,其中孕早期感冒（OR=4.983）、妊娠合并症（OR=5.32）、孕早期情绪状况（OR=7.9）、孕早期接触农药（OR=7.812）、孕期被动吸烟（OR=5.23）是危险因素,孕前检查（OR=0.167）、孕期服用多种维生素（OR=0.033）是保护因素。结论母亲孕早期感冒、情绪差、接触农药、妊娠合并症、被动吸烟可增加新生儿患CHD的危险,而母亲孕前检查、及孕早期服用多种维生素则可以降低婴儿患CHD的危险。     

珠海地区先天性心脏病流行状况及危险因素研究

目的：了解珠海地区先天性心脏病（CHD）的流行状况,筛查与CHD相关的主要危险因素,为制订相应的干预措施提供依据。方法将2013年和2014年珠海市妇幼保健院和珠海市斗门区妇幼保健院出生的所有活产新生儿作为调查对象,调查CHD的流行状况。以确诊的CHD患儿为病例组,采用1：1配对病例对照研究方法,通过调查问卷的方式,调查其父母工作生活环境、生活行为习惯等因素。采用Logistic回归分析统计方法,筛查出珠海地区与CHD发病相关的高危因素。结果珠海地区2013年CHD发病率为0.83%。2014年CHD发病率为0.86%。最常见的心脏病类型为室间隔缺损,占56.03%。通过Logistic回归分析筛查出珠海地区CHD相关的高危因素,包括孕妇高龄（OR=3.74,P=0.000）、孕妇吸烟或被动吸烟（OR=1.52,P=0.009）、孕早期不良精神刺激（OR=2.08,P=0.000）、孕早期患呼吸道疾病（OR=13.06,P=0.014）、孕期化学毒物接触（OR=5.34,P=0.031）。结论珠海地区CHD发病率高,其中以简单型CHD为主。母亲应适龄怀孕、避免吸烟,孕期避免不良精神刺激及化学毒物的接触,预防感冒,以减少CHD的发生。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.