眉间皮瓣联合鼻唇沟皮瓣在鼻部组织缺损修复中的应用

目的 评价眉间皮瓣联合鼻唇沟皮瓣在鼻部组织缺损修复中的临床价值.方法 回顾性分析我院于2001年1月～2008年1月对12例鼻部组织缺损应用眉间皮瓣联合鼻唇沟皮瓣修复的临床资料.眉间皮瓣为轴形皮瓣,主要血管供应来自滑车上动脉及鼻背动脉分支,应注意皮片切口,切口的上部深达骨膜,在鼻额角处近皮瓣蒂周围仅切开皮肤,皮瓣下深处则需钝性分离,以免损伤滑车上血管.皮瓣旋转180°,在旋转过程中,皮瓣会有所损失,因此,皮瓣设计长度应大于实际需要,旋转时不应有任何张力.鼻唇沟皮瓣沿鼻沟走行方向设计蒂宽,皮瓣宽/长比例可达1:5,根据缺损范围确定.结果 12例皮瓣全部成活,随访6～12个月效果满意,外观自然,局部饱满,外鼻轮廓视觉好,皮瓣色泽均匀与周围皮肤接近.眉间瘢痕较明显,鼻唇切口瘢痕不明显.结论 眉间皮瓣联合鼻唇沟皮瓣修复鼻部组织缺损是较理想的方法,能取得满意的临床效果,值得推广.     

浅静脉干及其滋养血管对皮瓣早期再血管化影响的实验和应用研究

 目的探讨带浅静脉干逆行局部皮瓣早期微血管密度的变化特点以指导临床实践.方法应用生物体视学技术测量带静脉干皮瓣微血管体积密度,结合组织学观察,与不带静脉干皮瓣作对照比较.结果带静脉干皮瓣微血管密度整体水平高于不带静脉干皮瓣.临床应用17例,皮瓣成活良好.结论浅静脉干的存在有利于皮瓣的血管化进程,保留浅静脉干对皮瓣成活有利.     

“感叹号”状带蒂皮瓣的设计与临床应用

目的 探讨带蒂皮瓣蒂部处理方法对皮瓣成活和外观的影响. 方法 2009年10月-2011年1月,将传统带蒂旋转皮瓣设计为“网球拍”形,旋转蒂部设计成圆形减张小皮瓣和带蒂旋转皮瓣组成“感叹号”状皮瓣,旋转修复四肢软组织缺损共17例.其中上肢3例,下肢14例.皮肤缺损面积4.0cm×7.2cm～5.8cm×14.0 cm.采用桡神经浅支营养血管皮瓣2例,尺动脉腕上皮支皮瓣1例,腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣8例,隐神经营养血管皮瓣6例. 结果 除1例皮瓣术后远端部分坏死,经换药后愈合,其余皮瓣均Ⅰ期愈合,随访6个月～1年,愈后皮瓣无明显臃肿,蒂部旋转点外形好. 结论 “感叹号”状皮瓣可减少远端蒂皮瓣蒂部卡压,促进静脉回流,提高带蒂旋转皮瓣的成活率,并改善其外观.     

臂部双蒂皮瓣的应用解剖学研究

在52侧经红色乳胶灌注的成年尸体上,对臂部双蒂皮瓣的血管和神经进行了观察和测量.该皮瓣实质是臂后侧皮瓣及臂内侧皮瓣的联合应用.故此皮瓣具有上述两皮瓣的特点,皮瓣上、下两蒂十分恒定,适用于下颌部皮肤的大面积缺损及半侧面部皮肤大面积缺损的修复等.     

火针穿刺放液治疗皮瓣下积液26例

皮瓣转移术后如发生皮瓣下积液,严重影响皮瓣成活.2005年以来,我们采用火针穿刺放液治疗皮瓣下积液26例,疗效满意.现分析报告如下.     

带蒂皮瓣修复小腿部组织缺损的选择原则

目的:探讨小腿部外伤性组织缺损使用局部带蒂皮瓣修复术式的选择原则.方法:选取1999-01～2009-12间226例小腿部不同部位、不同程度、不同条件的组织缺损,分别采用带蒂的顺、逆行皮瓣、以及其他类型的轴型血管皮瓣和神经营养血管皮瓣及筋膜皮瓣进行修复.结果:226例皮瓣中186例愈合过程顺利.余40例皮瓣中6例发生慢性窦道,21例筋膜皮瓣及腓肠神经营养皮瓣皮缘坏死,均经换药治愈;13例腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣术后远端皮缘色泽暗紫,未影响愈合;6例肌皮瓣外观臃肿,供瓣区植皮愈合良好.凹陷情况随着术后时间的延长逐渐变浅.结论:采用局部带蒂皮瓣修复术式修复小腿部外伤性组织缺损,在恰当把握皮瓣选择的原则基础上,可取得理想的修复效果.     

用数字减影血管造影选择皮瓣供区修复小腿下段、足部软组织缺损

目的利用数字减影血管造影(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)为皮瓣移植提供直接的图像学参考,以期提高皮瓣切取的成功率,为邻近缺损区的岛状皮瓣移植提供皮瓣切取可行性依据. 方法对50例小腿下段、足部较严重创伤后软组织缺损等术前行DSA,根据造影显示的邻近血管情况及邻近的软组织条件选择不同的皮瓣移植方法. 结果 50例不同的皮瓣移植,其皮瓣切取成功率100%,远期存活率96%. 结论 DSA造影检查可以动态了解整个伤肢的血流情况,为皮瓣的切取提供最优的选择.把DSA作为重要的辅助手段可使术者避免皮瓣切取的盲目性,提高皮瓣移植的成功率.     

手指深度烧伤岛状皮瓣修复治疗体会

目的:总结手部岛状皮瓣修复手指深度烧伤的疗效.方法:分析39例71指深度烧伤应用手部岛状皮瓣修复的优、缺点.结果:皮瓣全部成活,应用手部岛状皮瓣能最大限度保留手指长度,掌背皮神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣,示指近节背侧岛状皮瓣移位后既有感觉存在,手指质地良好,外观及功能满意.结论:岛状皮瓣血供丰富,安全可靠,是治疗手指远端损伤简便而有效的手术方法.     

股内侧肌穿支皮瓣的临床应用

目的 探讨股内侧肌穿支皮瓣移位术的临床应用价值. 方法 以股内侧肌动脉体表投影线作为皮瓣纵轴,以直接皮血管发出点为皮瓣中心,设计股内侧肌(肌支)穿支皮瓣修复大腿和膝周皮肤软组织缺损7例. 结果 术后皮瓣全部成活,创面Ⅰ期愈合,经1～18个月随访,皮瓣质地优良,皮瓣外形与膝关节功能恢复满意. 结论股内侧肌穿支皮瓣手术具有操作简便、安全和易于推广等优点,是修复股内侧和膝周皮肤软组织缺损一种可行性新术式.     

双叶股前外侧皮瓣在创面修复中的临床应用

目的 探讨双叶股前外侧皮瓣修复相邻两处创面的方法 和疗效. 方法 2001年3月-2007年1月采用吻合血管的双叶股前外侧皮瓣修复9例不同部位的相邻两处创面,包括3例洞穿性缺损创面. 结果 9例皮瓣全部成活.术后Ⅰ例皮瓣出现远端浅表坏死,经换药及抗感染治疗愈合.9例均得到随访,皮瓣外形满意. 结论 双叶股前外侧皮瓣除具有股前外侧皮瓣的优点外,还可同时修复相邻两处缺损,是修复同一肢体相邻两处缺损的有效方法 .     

Rheumatic wrist]

The wrist is frequently involved in the course of inflammatory rheumatism. The clinical and radiological features of the arthritis may guide the diagnosis when wrist involvement is isolated. The rheumatoid wrist may associate articular and tendon sheath synovitis, nerve compressions, muscle atrophy and deformities. X-rays reveal increased volume of the soft tissues, followed by cartilaginous destruction. Magnetic resonance imaging may detect the lesions early in their course. RS3PE, rheumatoid arthritis of the elderly, never induces destructive lesions. Still's disease is distinguished from rheumatoid arthritis by the predominant involvement of the radiocarpal and intercarpal joints with relative sparing of the metacarpo-phalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints. Jaccoud's hand may be observed in the course of lupus with metacarpo-phalangeal dislocation of capsulo-ligamentous origin without cartilaginous destruction. Wrist involvement is often asymmetrical in ankylosing spondylitis. In psoriatic rheumatism, arthritis of the wrist is similar to that observed in rheumatoid arthritis, but demineralization is less common and occurs later and constructive lesions are associated with pinching.     

Instabilities of the wrist

Wrist instabilities are frequently underdiagnosed and undertreated because they are complex and difficult to understand. A study of the anatomy of the wrist and the pathomechanics of these injuries leads to a better understanding of these problems and to a more specific diagnosis. Treatment involves stabilization of the unstable segment by ligament repair in the acute injury and by limited intercarpal arthrodesis in the chronic case.     

MRI of the wrist

In the past, the diagnostic imaging algorithm for evaluating the painful wrist included initial plain radiographic examination followed by arthrography, tomography, bone scintigraphy, or computed tomography. In recent years, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been proven efficacious for diagnosing a number of maladies of the bones, ligaments, and soft tissues. MRI can be of aid in evaluation of carpal instability, disorders of the triangular fibrocartilage, ulnar impaction syndrome, distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) instability, fracture, avascular necrosis (AVN), tendinopathy, nerve entrapment syndromes, synovial abnormalities, and soft tissue masses.     

Imaging of wrist masses

The wrist is a complex structure with an extensive differential diagnosis for a presenting mass. However, the vast majority of hand and wrist masses are benign, and many of these have a distinctive radiographic appearance. In this article, the imaging characteristics of the most common entities are reviewed with particular attention to magnetic resonance appearance. The 3 most common hand and wrist lesions include ganglion cysts, giant cell tumors of the tendon sheath, and hemangiomas. Other common lesions that can be diagnosed radiographically include lipomas, neural sheath tumors, infection and inflammation, and variant soft-tissue or bony structures. The appearance of the fibrolipomatous hamartoma will also be demonstrated because this is a radiographically distinctive, though rare, lesion.     

Gymnastic wrist injuries

During gymnastic activities, the wrist is exposed to many different types of stresses, including repetitive motion, high impact loading, axial compression, torsional forces, and distraction in varying degrees of ulnar or radial deviation and hyperextension. Many of these stresses are increased during upper extremity weight-bearing and predispose the wrist to high rates of injury during gymnastics. Distal radius stress injuries are the most common and most documented gymnastic wrist conditions. Other conditions include scaphoid impaction syndrome, dorsal impingement, scaphoid fractures, scaphoid stress reactions/fractures, capitate avascular necrosis, ganglia, carpal instability, triangular fibrocartilage complex tears, ulnar impaction syndrome, and lunotriquetral impingement. It is important to diagnose quickly and accurately the specific injury to initiate expediently the proper treatment and limit the extent of injury. In addition, a gymnast's training regimen should also include elements of injury prevention.     

Diagnostic wrist arthroscopy

Wrist arthroscopy has become an essential tool for the hand and upper extremity surgeon. It is useful in diagnosing and/or staging a wide range of conditions of the wrist, including cartilage injury, early arthritis, ligament injury, and triangular fibrocartilage complex tears. It can be of great benefit in evaluating wrist pain of unclear cause when imaging studies fail to elucidate the disease. In the hands of an experienced arthroscopist, it can be a more accurate diagnostic tool than studies such as magnetic resonance imaging or arthrography. The rate of complications is very low if proper attention is paid to details. Familiarity with the equipment, thorough knowledge of the anatomy, and development of a systematic approach are all critically essential for a surgeon performing arthroscopy of the wrist. The surgeon must also know when arthroscopy does not provide sufficient access to the wrist and an arthrotomy should be performed.