ICU日记减轻患者家属ICU后综合征的研究进展

正重症监护病房(intensive care unit,ICU)作为挽救危重患者生命的重要力量,一直以来承担着抢救生命、降低患者死亡率、维持生存的重要角色。近年来,随着重症医学得到重视且飞速发展,ICU转出率不断提高~([1]),但由于ICU的密闭环境、各种有创性操作、机器报警及与医护人员沟通不足等现实问题的存在~([2]),致使患者本人及其家属在生理、心理、认知等方面出现障碍,导致ICU后综合征(post-intensive care syndrome,PICS)的发生。这些障碍甚至可持续至患者转出ICU后,严重影响患者及家属的后期康复及整个家庭的生活质量。国     

心理支持联合多学科合作为主导的过渡护理模式在ICU后综合征患者中的应用研究

目的探讨心理支持联合多学科合作为主导的过渡护理模式在预防患者ICU后综合征(PICS)中的应用效果。方法选取2019年7月—2020年2月期间本院外科重症监护病房(ICU)收治的100例危重症患者作为研究对象。根据随机数字表法将患者分为对照组和观察组,每组各50例。对照组给予常规ICU护理干预,观察组给予心理支持联合多学科合作为主导的过渡护理模式干预,并随访2个月。比较两组患者PICS发生率、认知功能、日常生活能力、睡眠情况及焦虑抑郁情况。结果随访期结束,观察组患者PICS发生率低于对照组,差异具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。随访2个月时,两组患者简要精神状态量表(MMSE)评分、Barthel指数均高于转出ICU时,且观察组患者上述评分高于对照组,差异具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。随访2个月时,两组患者匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)评分、焦虑抑郁量表(HAD)焦虑维度评分、HAD抑郁维度评分均低于转出ICU时,且观察组患者上述评分低于对照组,差异具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论心理支持联合多学科合作为主导的过渡护理模式可有效预防患者PICS的发生,同时可促进ICU患者认知状况、生理状况和心理状况的改善。     

ICU后综合征心理功能障碍的研究进展

随着人口老龄化和重症医学的进步,ICU住院和转出的患者越来越多,ICU转出患者的生活质量受到了广泛的关注,ICU后综合征的出现严重影响了患者的生活质量.本文综述了ICU后综合征心理功能障碍的临床特点、影响因素和护理干预措施,提出临床及社区工作者应重视ICU转出患者的心理健康,采取预防和干预措施,提高ICU转出患者心理健...     

ICU过渡期护理临床实践与研究进展

<正>重症患者在转出ICU后的一段时间内仍需要一些非常复杂的护理,普通病房由于护理人员不足、重症护理知识与技能掌握不足等原因不能为这部分患者提供高质量的护理,重症护理的连续性遭到破坏,存在一定安全风险,因此ICU转出患者被称为易损伤群体[1]。这些安全风险很大程度地导致了ICU转出患者重返ICU及不良事件、ICU后综合征等的发生,严重影响重症患者的结局。目前国内对ICU转出患者的过渡期护理服务开展较少,大部分还是停留在     

重症监护后综合征与出院患者生存率的相关性研究

目的 探索重症监护后综合征(PICS)对ICU患者出院后的生存率的影响。方法 纳入2019年2月-2021年10月在我院ICU病房住院治疗的365例患者。在患者转出ICU当天，采用10m步行测试检测患者身体障碍，迷你智力状态评估量表(Mini-Cog)检测认知功能障碍，两条目患者健康问卷抑郁量表(PHQ-2)检测精神障碍。通过审查病历或电话随访确定患者的生存情况，随访时间为2.5年。研究PICS及其各亚型(身体障碍、认知障碍和精神障碍)与全因死亡率之间的相关性。结果 190例(52.1%)患者被诊断为PICS。26例患者在出院后平均(1.0±0.6)年的随访期间死亡。与无PICS的患者相比，PICS患者的生存率更低(86.14%vs. 97.1%,Log rank P=0.024)。与未发生身体障碍、认知障碍和精神障碍的患者相比，发生身体障碍(82.6%vs.98.8%,Log rank P<0.001)、认知障碍(84.0%vs.99.0%,Log rank P<0.001)的患者2.5年生存率更低，而发生精神障碍的患者生存率差异无统计学意义(94.4%vs.99.3%,...     

心血管外科术后患者ICU后综合征风险预测模型的构建及验证

目的 探讨心血管外科术后患者发生ICU后综合征（post-intensive care syndrome,PICS）的危险因素,建立风险预测模型,并进行内部验证检验预测效果。 方法 采用便利抽样法,选取2019年7月—10月在长沙市2所三级甲等医院心血管外科术后转入ICU的304例患者进行调查,并于患者转出ICU后3个月时进行随访,根据随访时患者是否发生PICS分为发生PICS组（n=103）和未发生PICS组（n=201）,筛选PICS的危险因素并根据Logistic回归结果建立预测模型。采用受试者操作特征曲线（receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC）下面积检验模型的预测效果,采用Bootstrap自助法重抽样1 000次对模型进行内部验证。 结果 最终构建的模型为：Logit P=0.722×性别+0.903×年龄+0.968×心理弹性得分+1.073×术前左心室射血分数+0.706×手术时长+0.797×入住ICU时长-3.212。预测模型的ROC下面积为0.817,灵敏度为59.2%,特异度为85.6%。Bootstrap自助法进行内部验证的结果显示,C指数为0.804,提示模型预测效果良好。 结论 该研究构建的心血管外科术后患者PICS风险预测模型预测效能良好,有助于预测PICS的发生,为今后相关干预措施的制订与实施提供了参考依据。     

ICU后综合征概念发展及早期干预措施的研究进展

介绍国内外ICU后综合征(post-intensive care syndrome, PICS)概念框架、PICS概念的最新发展及PICS相关干预措施的研究进展,以期为PICS的随访及病人的管理提供参考。     

ICU患者早期活动的研究现状

近年来,重症监护后综合征(PICS)如ICU获得性虚弱、身体功能障碍、精神障碍等并发症对ICU患者生活质量的影响日益明显,已成为临床研究的热点。早期活动作为改善PICS的有效措施也受到医疗界的广泛关注。当前,国内外对于ICU患者早期活动相关的理论框架尚未达成一致意见。本文通过综述ICU患者早期活动,以期为临床实践提供参考。     

正确理解持续炎症-免疫抑制-分解代谢综合征免疫、炎症和代谢的关系

持续炎症-免疫抑制-分解代谢综合征（PICS）是在全身性感染或非感染如创伤、烧伤、急性胰腺炎等进入慢性危重症阶段，以持续炎症反应、免疫抑制、蛋白质高分解代谢为特点的一组临床综合征。PICS患者免疫抑制、持续炎症及蛋白质高分解代谢之间存在复杂的交互对话，相互促进，互为因果。厘清PICS免疫、炎症和代谢之间的内在联系，具有重要临床意义。     

儿科重症监护病房临床带教方法探讨

重症监护病房（intensive care unit，ICU）又称加强监护病房，是集中各有关专业的知识和技术、先进的监测和治疗设备、对重症患者进行生理功能监测和及时有效治疗护理的专门单位。ICU已发展为具有对重症患者进行监测、诊断、治疗和对生理功能的支持、调控及具备培训专业人员和进行科研的、现代医院中不可缺少的医疗单位。而儿科重症监护室（pediatric intensive care unit，PICU）是继成人ICU之后建立的儿科领域的新分科，它的出现使儿科危重症患者的救治和护理有了划时代的变化，使儿科危重症患者能够得到连续不断、系统全面的监护治疗。     

Persistent inflammation and immunosuppression: a common syndrome and new horizon for surgical intensive care

Surgical intensive care unit (ICU) stay of longer than 10 days is often described by the experienced intensivist as a "complicated clinical course" and is frequently attributed to persistent immune dysfunction. "Systemic inflammatory response syndrome" (SIRS) followed by "compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome" (CARS) is a conceptual framework to explain the immunologic trajectory that ICU patients with severe sepsis, trauma, or emergency surgery for abdominal infection often traverse, but the causes, mechanisms, and reasons for persistent immune dysfunction remain unexplained. Often involving multiple-organ failure (MOF) and death, improvements in surgical intensive care have altered its incidence, phenotype, and frequency and have increased the number of patients who survive initial sepsis or surgical events and progress to a persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome (PICS). Often observed, but rarely reversible, these patients may survive to transfer to a long-term care facility only to return to the ICU, but rarely to self-sufficiency. We propose that PICS is the dominant pathophysiology and phenotype that has replaced late MOF and prolongs surgical ICU stay, usually with poor outcome. This review details the evolving epidemiology of MOF, the clinical presentation of PICS, and our understanding of how persistent inflammation and immunosuppression define the pathobiology of prolonged intensive care. Therapy for PICS will involve innovative interventions for immune system rebalance and nutritional support to regain physical function and well-being.     

Screening tools for post–intensive care syndrome and post-traumatic symptoms in intensive care unit survivors: A scoping review

BackgroundEvidence suggests that intensive care unit (ICU) survivors often suffer long-term complications such as post–intensive care syndrome (PICS) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) from critical illness and ICU stay. PICS and PTSD affect both ICU survivors and their families, which overburdens the healthcare systems. Lack of evidence on the comparative psychometric properties of assessment tools is a major barrier in evidence-based screening for post-ICU symptomatology and health-related quality of life.ObjectivesWe aimed to identify existing tools for screening PTSD and PICS in ICU survivors and their families and to examine evidence on the validity, reliability, sensitivity, and specificity of existing tools, as reflected in published peer-reviewed studies.MethodA scoping review based on literature searches (CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Scopus, Health and Psychosocial Instruments, Dissertations and Theses Global, and Google Scholar) and predefined eligibility criteria was conducted according to current scoping review guidelines.FindingsWe identified 44 studies reporting on the development and assessment of psychometric properties of PICS/PTSD in ICU survivors or families globally. We identified five tools addressing all three aspects of PICS manifestations, one tool for both physical and mental aspects of PICS, and fivefive tools for quality-of-life assessment in ICU survivors. Altogether, 25 tools assess only one aspect of PICS: five for cognitive impairment, seven for physical impairment, and 13 for mental health impairment and PTSD in ICU survivors. However, only two tools were found for PICS-family assessment. Other findings include (i) unclear validity and often limited feasibility of tools, (ii) low diagnostic accuracy of cognitive assessment tools, and (iii) evidence of appropriate psychometric properties and feasibility of psychological health assessment tools.ConclusionThese results have implications for the selection and implementation of the assessment methods as a means for promoting meaningful patient-centred clinical outcomes to minimise long-term sequelae, reduce the rate of rehospitalisation, and optimise recovery after ICU discharge.     

Incidence of and risk factors for post–intensive care syndrome among Chinese respiratory intensive care unit patients: A cross-sectional,prospective study

BackgroundPatients transferred from the respiratory intensive care unit (ICU) can experience post–intensive care syndrome (PICS), which comprises cognitive, psychological, and physical disorders that seriously affect the quality of life. Therefore, it was necessary to explore the incidence of and the risk factors for PICS among respiratory ICU patients.ObjectivesThis study evaluated PICS among respiratory ICU patients and explored the risk factors for PICS.MethodsThis cross-sectional, prospective study was performed at one hospital in China. Using convenience sampling, 125 respiratory ICU patients from August 2018 to June 2019 were recruited for the study. The Mini-Mental State Examination, Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Medical Research Council Scale, activities of daily living scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the 14-item fatigue scale were used to comprehensively assess the patients' cognitive status, psychological status, and physiological status when entering the ICU and 2 weeks after leaving the ICU. Factors affecting PICS were measured using researcher-created questionnaires of patients’ general information and disease-related information.ResultsFifteen patients were lost to follow-up. Fifty-nine patients had PICS (incidence rate, 53.6%). Logistic regression showed that risk factors for PICS were age, invasive mechanical ventilation, noninvasive ventilator-assisted ventilation, and coronary heart disease (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe PICS incidence was high. Older age, longer invasive mechanical ventilation times, longer noninvasive ventilator times, and coronary heart disease were risk factors for PICS. ICU medical workers in China should pay more attention on PICS, know the risk factors, and implement preventive measures.     

Barriers to rehabilitation after critical illness: a survey of multidisciplinary healthcare professionals caring for ICU survivors in an acute care hospital

BackgroundThere is scant literature on the barriers to rehabilitation for patients discharged from the intensive care unit (ICU) to acute care wards.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to assess ward-based rehabilitation practices and barriers and assess knowledge and perceptions of ward clinicians regarding health concerns of ICU survivors.Methods, design, setting, and participantsThis was a single-centre survey of multidisciplinary healthcare professionals caring for ICU survivors in an Australian tertiary teaching hospital.Main outcome measuresThe main outcome measures were knowledge of post–intensive care syndrome (PICS) amongst ward clinicians, perceptions of ongoing health concerns with current rehabilitation practices, and barriers to inpatient rehabilitation for ICU survivors.ResultsThe overall survey response rate was 35% (198/573 potential staff). Most respondents (66%, 126/190) were unfamiliar with the term PICS. A majority of the respondents perceived new-onset physical weakness, sleep disturbances, and delirium as common health concerns amongst ICU survivors on acute care wards. There were multifaceted barriers to patient mobilisation, with inadequate multidisciplinary staffing, lack of medical order for mobilisation, and inadequate physical space near the bed as common institutional barriers and patient frailty and cardiovascular instability as the commonly perceived patient-related barriers. A majority of the surveyed ward clinicians (66%, 115/173) would value education on health concerns of ICU survivors to provide better patient care.ConclusionThere are multiple potentially modifiable barriers to the ongoing rehabilitation of ICU survivors in an acute care hospital. Addressing these barriers may have benefits for the ongoing care of ICU survivors.     

Risk factors for post–intensive care syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to identify the risk factors for each area of post–intensive care syndrome (PICS) and to determine their effect size.Review method usedThis study used systematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesPubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library were searched.Review methodsEighty-nine studies were selected for the review based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The PICS areas and risk factors reported in the individual studies were reviewed and categorised. We used the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale to evaluate the quality of studies. The effect size of each risk factor was calculated as odds ratio (OR).ResultsThere were 33 mental health studies, 15 cognitive impairment studies, 32 physical impairment studies, eight studies on two areas, and one study on all three areas. Sixty risk factors were identified, including 33 personal and 27 intensive care unit (ICU)–related factors. Significant risk factors for mental health included female sex (odds ratio [OR] = 3.37, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12–10.17), previous mental health problems (OR = 9.45, 95% CI: 2.08–42.90), and negative ICU experience (OR = 2.59, 95% CI: 2.04–3.28). The only significant risk factor for cognitive impairment was delirium (OR = 2.85, 95% CI: 1.10–7.38). Significant risk factors for physical impairment included older age (OR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.11–4.33), female sex (OR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.32–2.91), and high disease severity (OR = 2.54, 95% CI: 1.76–3.66).ConclusionsAlthough PICS is a multidimensional concept, each area has been studied separately. Significant risk factors for PICS included older age, female sex, previous mental health problems, disease severity, negative ICU experience, and delirium. To prevent PICS, the multidisciplinary team should pay attention to modifiable risk factors such as delirium and patients’ ICU experience.     

The effects of intensive care unit-initiated transitional care interventions on elements of post-intensive care syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of intensive care unit (ICU)–initiated transitional care interventions for patients and families on elements of post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) and/or PICS-family (PICS–-F).Review method usedThis is a systematic review and meta-analysisSourcesThe authors searched in biomedical bibliographic databases including PubMed, Embase (OVID), CINAHL Plus (EBSCO), Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library and included studies written in English conducted up to October 8, 2020.Review methodsWe included (non)randomised controlled trials focussing on ICU-initiated transitional care interventions for patients and families. Two authors conducted selection, quality assessment, and data extraction and synthesis independently. Outcomes were described using the three elements of PICS, which were categorised into (i) physical impairments (pulmonary, neuromuscular, and physical function), (ii) cognitive impairments (executive function, memory, attention, visuo-spatial and mental processing speed), and (iii) psychological health (anxiety, depression, acute stress disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and depression).ResultsFrom the initially identified 5052 articles, five studies were included (i.e., two randomised controlled trials and three nonrandomised controlled trials) with varied transitional care interventions. Quality among the studies differs from moderate to high risk of bias. Evidence from the studies shows no significant differences in favour of transitional care interventions on physical or psychological aspects of PICS-(F). One study with a nurse-led structured follow-up program showed a significant difference in physical function at 3 months.ConclusionsOur review revealed that there is a paucity of research about the effectiveness of transitional care interventions for ICU patients with PICS. All, except one of the identified studies, failed to show a significant effect on the elements of PICS. However, these results should be interpreted with caution owing to variety and scarcity of data.Prospero registrationCRD42020136589 (available via https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020136589).     

Palliative care in the intensive care unit: barriers, advances, and unmet needs

The concept that critical illness and terminal illness are necessarily distinct entities has given way to the understanding that they often exist on the same spectrum. Consequently, there is growing consensus that palliative treatment must coexist with attempts at restorative treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU). Palliative care in the ICU has evolved from a relatively one-dimensional construct of terminal sedation in dying patients to a multidisciplinary field addressing symptom control, physician-patient-family communication,spiritual needs, and the needs of health care providers. As ongoing research efforts yield new insights, our ability to practice evidence-based palliative care in the ICU will grow, and new avenues for improvement will become evident.     

Standardization of critical care management of non-critically ill patients with COVID-19

The large global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has seriously endangered the health care system in China and globally. The sudden surge of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection has revealed the shortage of critical care medicine resources and intensivists. Currently, the management of non-critically ill patients with COVID-19 is performed mostly by non-intensive care unit (ICU) physicians, who lack the required professional knowledge, training, and practice in critical care medicine, especially in terms of continuous monitoring of the respiratory function, intervention, and feedback on treatment effects. This clinical problem needs an urgent solution. Therefore, here, we propose a series of clinical strategies for non-ICU physicians aimed at the standardization of the management of non-critically ill patients with COVID-19 from the perspective of critical care medicine. Isolation management is performed to facilitate the implementation of hierarchical monitoring and intervention to ensure the reasonable distribution of scarce critical care medical resources and intensivists, highlight the key patients, timely detection of disease progression, and early and appropriate intervention and organ function support, and thus improve the prognosis. Different management objectives are also set based on the high-risk factors and the severity of patients with COVID-19. The approaches suggested herein will facilitate the timely detection of disease progression, and thus ensure the provision of early and appropriate intervention and organ function support, which will eventually improve the prognosis.     

Frequency and risk factors of post-intensive care syndrome components in a multicenter randomized controlled trial of German sepsis survivors

BackgroundPost-intensive care syndrome (PICS) is a combination of cognitive, psychiatric and physical impairments in survivors of critical illness and intensive care. There is little data on long-term co-occurrence of associated impairments.MethodsAnalysis of data from 289 sepsis survivors from a German multicenter RCT. Impairments associated with PICS (depression, PTSD, cognitive impairment, chronic pain, neuropathic symptoms, dysphagia) during 24 months follow-up are used to explore the frequency and risk factors of PICS components in three classification models.ResultsThe majority of participants showed impairments in 2–3 of 6 domains during follow-up. The overall frequency of PICS according to the classification models ranged from 32.9% to 98.6%. In regression analyses, there were no significant effects in selected ICU-related exposures or covariates for PICS classification models. Regarding individual components, only higher age and longer duration of ICU treatment and mechanical ventilation showed significant positive associations with the occurrence of cognitive impairment during follow-up, as did male gender and higher age for dysphagia.ConclusionsAlmost all study participants showed impairments associated with PICS in at least one domain. The proposed classification models for PICS appear to be too broad to identify specific risk factors beyond its individual components.