76例乳腺癌脑转移患者临床特征及预后因素分析

目的 分析乳腺癌脑转移患者临床病理特征,探讨影响乳腺癌脑转移患者的预后因素.方法 收集76例乳腺癌脑转移患者的临床病理资料,采用单因素和多因素分析影响乳腺癌脑转移患者的预后因素.结果 乳腺癌患者确诊脑转移后中位生存期为8.4个月,1年生存率为31.6%,2年生存率为7.9%,3年生存率为3.9%.多因素分析提示未放疗、PS评分≥2分、多发颅内转移灶、分子分型为Her-2型及三阴型均是乳腺癌脑转移患者的不良预后因素.Lumin-al A、Luminal B、Her-2型及三阴型乳腺癌患者中位无脑转移生存期(46.8个月、34个月、26.8个月和17.6个月,P=0.005)、确诊脑转移后生存期(16.9个月、9.5个月、7.6个月和5.5个月,P=0.001)和总生存期(64.3个月、40.9个月、31.7个月和24.1个月,P=0.001)差异均有统计学意义.结论 放疗、PS评分、脑转移灶数目及分子分型是影响乳腺癌脑转移患者的独立预后因素;与Luminal型乳腺癌相比,Her-2型及三阴型乳腺癌更易早期发生脑转移,且生存期更短.     

子宫内膜癌的预后及影响因素

目的探讨子宫内膜癌的预后及其影响因素。方法选取2007年2月至2009年1月手术治疗的93例子宫内膜癌患者的临床资料进行分析,采用Cox回归模型对影响因素进行评估。结果93例子宫内膜癌的3、5年的生存率分别为90.3%和84.9%,中位生存期为59.2个月。Cox回归模型分析显示,年龄≥55岁、病理分期Ⅲ期、组织学分级G3、肌层浸润≥1/2和淋巴结转移为影响子宫内膜癌预后的独立危险因素。结论子宫内膜癌具有较好的治疗效果,对其治疗应当合理评估患者的预后相关因素,实施个体化治疗方案,提高患者生存质量。     

子宫内膜癌预后因素的Cox回归分析

目的:探讨影响子宫内膜癌预后的相关危险因素。方法:回顾分析110例子宫内膜癌患者临床资料,对年龄、子宫内膜家族史、手术-病理分期、病理类型、组织学分级、淋巴结转移、治疗方式等因素进行单因素和多因素分析。采用 Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,Log-rank检验进行单因素分析及各组生存率曲线分布比较,Cox回归模型进行多因素分析。结果:110例子宫内膜癌患者的生存时间为2-133个月,中位生存时间52.4个月,因子宫内膜癌死亡者24例(21.8%)。1、3、5年总体生存率分别为95.4%、85.5%、78.2%。单因素分析表明:不同病理类型、手术-病理分期、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移、组织学分级、治疗方式的生存率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。Cox风险比例回归模型进行多因素分析结果显示病理类型、手术-病理分期、组织学分级、淋巴结转移、治疗方式是影响子宫内膜癌预后的独立因素。结论:病理类型、手术-病理分期、组织学分级、淋巴结转移、治疗方式是影响子宫内膜癌预后的独立因素。     

临床Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌患者的卵巢转移问题

目的研究临床Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌患者卵巢转移的发生率,以期为年轻内膜癌患者的卵巢保留手术提供依据。方法回顾性收集并分析1994年1月至2002年12月期间在重庆医科大学附属二院妇产科首诊并行手术治疗的子宫内膜癌患者的临床病理资料。结果52例术前诊断为临床Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌患者中,FI-GO手术-病理分期:Ⅰ期47例,Ⅱ期3例,Ⅲ期2例;2例Ⅲ期患者中,1例有子宫浆膜累及,1例有镜下输卵管种植转移,卵巢转移率为3.9%(2/52)。结论高分化及中分化、浅肌层浸润(<1/2)、腹水细胞学阴性、淋巴结无转移的临床Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌患者的卵巢转移的风险较低,这些年轻内膜癌患者是否切除卵巢,尚需在手术标本病理检查后决定。     

术前中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值与子宫内膜癌分期术患者预后的关系

目的探讨子宫内膜癌患者行分期术前中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞比值(NLR)对预后评估的价值。方法收集2009—2011年152例在徐州医科大学附属医院行子宫内膜癌分期术患者的临床资料,并做回顾性分析。以中位数NLR=2.78作为临界值,分为低NLR(NLR2.78)和高NLR(NLR≥2.78)两组,对两组患者的临床病理特征进行比较,单因素及Cox多因素评估NLR对子宫内膜癌复发及预后的影响。结果两组患者在手术病理分期、病理分级、肌层浸润深度、淋巴结转移及肿瘤标本大小的差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。单因素分析显示手术病理分期、病理类型、淋巴结转移及术后辅助治疗、NLR是患者预后的影响因素(P0.05)。Cox多因素分析显示手术病理分期、淋巴结转移和NLR是影响患者无瘤生存期的独立因素(P0.05),也是影响患者总生存期的独立因素(P0.05)。结论术前高NLR可作为子宫内膜癌分期术后复发的独立因素,也是影响其预后的独立因素。     

胃癌骨髓转移3例临床分析并文献复习

目的:探讨胃癌骨髓转移的临床特点、诊治方法及预后。方法:报告3例胃癌骨髓转移病例,分析其诊断治疗经过并复习相关文献。结果:3例患者确诊前均被误诊,确诊主要靠骨髓涂片和胃镜组织病理活检。3例中2例接受联合化疗,症状缓解,生存期延长。1例未治,2个月后死亡。结论:胃癌骨髓转移发病率低易误诊且预后差,联合化疗能缓解症状,延长生存期。     

晚期子宫内膜癌治疗与预后分析

 目的　探讨晚期子宫内膜癌临床特征及预后相关因素。方法　回顾性分析我院 1 986年 1月～ 1 999年 9月间收治的 41例晚期子宫内膜癌患者临床病理资料和随访结果。结果　 1 4 1例患者 , 期 30例 (73.2 % ) , b期 1 1例 (2 6 .8% ) ;手术治疗 37例 ,单纯放疗 3例 ,单独孕激素治疗 1例 ;5年生存率 35 .4%。子宫外多处病灶 2 1例 ,其中复发转移 1 6例 ,死亡 1 4例 ,占全部死亡的82 .4%。结论　子宫浆膜受侵、子宫外多处癌灶、宫旁组织受侵犯、宫旁淋巴管或血管有癌栓及淋巴结癌转移仍是影响晚期子宫内膜癌预后的重要因素 , 期患者易盆腹腔复发和肺转移 ,预后更差。     

14例原发性脑恶性淋巴瘤临床分析

目的 探讨原发性脑淋巴瘤的临床特点、治疗方法及预后情况.方法 回顾性分析14例原发性脑淋巴瘤的临床资料.结果 病理结果:弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤8例,未分型的B细胞淋巴瘤6例.治疗方法:12例行手术切除,11例接受放疗,其中10例结合化疗;2例未手术切除,直接放疗,其中1例结合化疗.全组均可评价疗效,2例获完全切除的患者未发现肿瘤残瘤,其他12例中2例CR,2例PR,3例SD,5例PD.全组患者的生存期为3～65个月(中位生存期15个月),1、3、5年生存率分别为77%、32%和32%.全组死亡因为主要系局部复发,其中1例全切术后加辅助放化疗者生存期达65个月,1例未行辅助治疗的部分切除术患者仅生存3个月;9例单发病灶生存3～65个月(平均生存期32个月),5例多发病灶生存6～24个月(平均生存期16个月).结论 联合手术、化疗、放疗的综合治疗可延长原发性脑淋巴瘤患者的生存期.     

子宫内膜癌腹腔液细胞学阳性的临床意义

目的 :探讨子宫内膜癌腹腔液细胞学检查在评估预后中的意义。方法 :对 179例接受手术治疗的临床Ⅰ、Ⅱ期子宫内膜癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。入组病例均行术中腹腔液细胞学检查。结果 :179例患者中 2 3例 (12 8% )腹腔液细胞学检查阳性。阳性患者与阴性患者比较 ,3年无瘤存活率 ,差异具有显著意义 ,6 9 1%vs 95 1% ,P <0 0 5。单因素分析腹腔液阳性、宫外转移、肌层浸润和病理分级是子宫内膜癌不良的预后影响因素 ,P <0 0 1;多因素分析仅宫外转移和病理分级为独立的预后影响因素 ,P <0 0 1。与腹腔液阳性相关的各因素分析中 ,肌层浸润和宫外转移具有显著意义 ,P <0 0 1。结论 :腹腔液阳性与肿瘤的腹腔内复发、转移密切相关 ,腹腔液阳性不是子宫内膜癌独立的预后因素。     

子宫内膜癌腹膜后淋巴结多点活检的临床意义

目的:探讨子宫内膜癌腹膜后淋巴结多点活检的临床意义.方法:对本院1990年1月～2000年12月初次手术时行腹膜后淋巴结活检的165例子宫内膜癌患者进行回顾性分析.比较各种临床病理因素的腹膜后淋巴结转移率,淋巴结转移与无转移及不同转移数目的5年生存率.结果:165例腹膜后淋巴结多点活检中,21例病理证实淋巴结转移,5年生存率23.81%,中位生存期30.20个月,与无淋巴结转移107例(随访5年以上),5年生存率66.36%,中位生存77.30个月,两者比较(P＜0.001).淋巴结转移≤3枚10例,5年生存率50.00%,中位生存42.10个月与淋巴结转移≥4枚11例,无5年生存,中位生存期21.30个月,两者相比(P＜0.001).经单因素分析,临床分期、组织类型、病理分级、肌层浸润深度、宫颈浸润、宫旁浸润及附件浸润、淋巴血管瘤栓与腹膜后淋巴结转移有关(P＜0.05),经多因素相关分析,此8个变量间比较,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论:腹膜后淋巴结多点活检能使手术病理分期更准确,是子宫内膜癌预后的重要因素之一,临床Ⅰ、Ⅱ期子宫内膜癌手术应常规行腹膜后淋巴结多点活检.     

肾上腺皮质癌1例报道并文献回顾

目的:探讨肾上腺皮质癌的临床表现、诊断及治疗方法。方法:报道我科近期收治的1例肾上腺皮质癌患者的临床资料,并检索中国知网、PubMed等数据库,进行文献回顾,对该病的临床特征及诊断要点、治疗方法及最新的研究进展进行归纳总结。结果:本例患者以腹痛为首发临床表现,影像学提示肾上腺肿瘤,行腹腔镜切除,术后20天查PET/CT提示多发转移,给予依托泊苷+顺铂化疗4周期后进展,遂应用吉西他滨联合卡培他滨化疗1周期,出现脑转移后行放疗。结论:肾上腺皮质癌是一种罕见的泌尿系恶性肿瘤,且预后差。诊断应结合临床表现、肾上腺皮质激素水平、影像学检查及病理结果。治疗方面首推多学科会诊（MDT）,早期患者首选手术,术后需根据疾病分期、分级选择辅助治疗,复发转移的患者可给予化疗、放疗、米托坦、免疫治疗等。     

Umbilical metastasis from gynecologic malignancies

Umbilical metastasis from gynecologic malignancies is very rare. We report 15 patients with primary gynecologic malignant tumours associated with umbilical metastases treated in this hospital from 1958 to Jan. 1991, including 10 epithelial ovarian cancer, 1 malignant teratoma of the ovary, 2 endometrial carcinoma and 2 squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Excepting 1 patient initially diagnosed as stage 1 endometrial carcinoma, all patients had advanced tumours. Umbilical lesions were discovered at the time of initial diagnosis of the primary tumour in 6 cases. The main clinical finding is an umbilical nodule or an ulcerated nodule in a diameter less than 2 cm. Usually the prognosis was poor. The average survival from initial diagnosis of umbilical metastasis to death was 14 months in 12 patients. There were 4 cases with longer survival, including 1 patient with endometrial carcinoma who survived for 40 months, and 3 patients with ovarian carcinoma who survived for 54, 52, 31 months, respectively. Two cases are surviving with tumour. It indicates that aggressive therapy may prolong survival time, especially in patient with ovarian cancer.     

肝细胞肝癌脑转移临床特性和预后分析

目的：分析肝细胞肝癌（hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC）脑转移的临床特点和预后相关因素。方法：回顾性研究2004—0430—2011-12-01我院在放疗科诊治的32例HCC脑转移患者,其中27例接受脑部肿瘤的放射治疗,随访患者的生存情况。结果：32例患者中,27例患者出现中枢神经系统症状,5例无症状即发现颅脑转移。脑转移到死亡的中位生存期为（4．53±2．12）个月,颅脑HCC后到脑转移的中位时间为14．5个月,1年生存率为15．6％。单因素分析显示,颅脑症状（P=0．008）、RPA（P=0．002）、Child-Pugh肝功能分级（P〈0．01）及肝内病灶控制情况（P=0．040）与生存时间相关;多因素分析则显示,颅脑症状、颅内转移灶数目（P=0．027）和是否接受过脑转移灶放疗（P=0．001）是影响患者预后的主要因素。20例脑转移患者已经出现肺转移,21例患者死于肝内病灶未控,5例患者因脑转移灶未能控制而死亡。结论：HCC脑转移患者生存时间短,大部分患者以伴有颅外转移灶,颅内症状、肝功能分级、颅内病灶个数和是否放疗是预后主要因素。     

Late brain metastases from breast cancer: clinical remarks on 11 patients and review of the literature

AIMS AND BACKGROUND: Late brain metastases from breast cancer are a rare event. Only a few cases have been reported in the English literature. The authors describe the clinical and pathological remarks, together with treatment modalities, removal extent and overall survival, of 11 patients in whom brain metastases were detected more than 10 years from the primary tumor. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 1997 and April 2001, we hospitalized 11 patients, all females, with a histologically proven diagnosis of brain metastasis from breast invasive ductal carcinoma. We defined 'late metastasis' as those metastases that appeared at least 10 years after the breast cancer diagnosis. The median age at the moment of brain metastasis diagnosis was 59 years (range, 47-70), with a median latency time from breast cancer diagnosis of 16 years (range, 11-30). RESULTS: Ten patients underwent surgery followed by adjuvant radiotherapy (whole brain radiotherapy). Two of them received, after whole brain radiotherapy, stereotaxic radio surgery treatment. One patient had stereotaxic brain biopsy, performed by neuronavigator, followed by palliative corticosteroid therapy. Median survival after brain metastasis diagnosis was 28 months (range, 3 months-4 years). CONCLUSIONS: Although late brain metastases are a rare event, specific neurologic symptoms and neuroradiological evidence of a cerebral neoplasm should be correlated to the presence of a cerebral metastasis, in a patient with a previous history of breast cancer. The longer latency time from breast cancer to brain metastasis could be explained by the "clonal dominance" theory and by different genetic alterations of the metastatic cell, which could influence the clinical history of the disease.     

UMBILICAL METASTASIS FROM GYNECOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES──A CLINICAL STUDY OF 15 CASES

ＵＭＢＩＬＩＣＡＬＭＥＴＡＳＴＡＳＩＳＦＲＯＭＧＹＮＥＣＯＬＯＧＩＣＭＡＬＩＧＮＡＮＣＩＥＳ──ＡＣＬＩＮＩＣＡＬＳＴＵＤＹＯＦ１５ＣＡＳＥＳＹａｏＺｈｉｎｕｉ；Ｌｉｕｌｉｙｉｎｇ；ＬｉＪｉｎｇｘｉａｎ姚志慧，刘丽影，李竞贤（ＣａｎｃｅｒＨｏｓｐｉｔ...     

Management of brain metastases from ovarian and endometrial carcinoma with stereotactic radiosurgery

BACKGROUND

Metastases to the brain from ovarian and endometrial carcinoma are uncommon and to the authors' knowledge consensus regarding optimal management is lacking. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has proven useful for the treatment of many benign and malignant brain tumors. In the current study, the authors evaluated outcomes after SRS in patients with ovarian and endometrial carcinoma.

METHODS

Twenty‐seven patients with brain metastases underwent gamma–knife SRS. Six patients had endometrial carcinoma, whereas 21 patients had ovarian carcinoma. Eighteen patients also received whole–brain radiotherapy. A total of 68 tumors were treated with gamma–knife SRS.

RESULTS

At the time of last follow–up, 1 patient was still alive and 26 had died. The median survival was 7 months after the initial diagnosis of brain metastasis and 5 months after SRS. The 1‐year survival rate after radiosurgery was 15% and that from the diagnosis of brain metastases was 22%. On final imaging, all tumors were controlled without further growth. Two patients (7.4%) developed new or progressive neurologic deficits after SRS.

CONCLUSIONS

SRS is an acceptable choice for the treatment of brain metastases resulting from ovarian and endometrial carcinoma, and provides local tumor control with limited morbidity. Careful patient selection is warranted in the setting of patients with uncontrolled systemic disease in whom a limited survival benefit is expected. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.     

Excision of solitary brain metastases: Effect on survival

Retrospective analysis of 88 patients treated for brain metastases at Veterans Administration and Erie County Medical Centers, Buffalo, New York, between January 1975 and August 1980 is presented. Patients were followed until January 1981. They were classified into three groups: Group I—15 patients with solitary brain metastases treated by surgical excision followed by radiotherapy (SBM-S). Group II—32 patients with solitary brain metastases treated by radiotherapy alone (SBM-RT). Group III—41 patients with multiple brain metastases treated by radiotherapy (MBM-RT). The average survival was 216 days for the first group versus 80 and 106 days for the second and third groups, respectively. Three patients in the first group were still living at five, eighteen, and twenty-one months versus one patient each in the second and third group at five months. When brain metastases appeared either at time of presentation or within two months from the diagnosis of the primary disease, excision of solitary brain metastases did not prolong survival. Survival periods were 114, 53, and 81 days for Group I, II, and III, respectively. When brain metastasis appeared after a minimum of two months from the treatment of the primary lesion, excision of solitary brain metastasis did prolong patient survivals for 286 days versus 128 and 94 days for Groups I, II, and III, respectively. When the primary site of origin was inoperable lung cancer or unknown primary cancer no difference in survival between the three groups, survival was 80, 50, and 70 days for Groups I, II, and III, respectively. Percentage survival at 2, 6, and 12 months was 67%, 53%, and 27% in the first group versus 32%, 16%, and 3% for the second group and 41%, 15%, and 5% for the third group. We conclude that excision of solitary brain metastasis might prolong survival in selected patients.     

恶性神经胶质瘤脑膜脊髓播散转移15例临床病例分析

目的:通过分析 15 例发生脑膜脊髓播散转移的脑胶质瘤患者的临床表现,对其特点进行归纳总结。方法:回顾性分析首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院脑胶质瘤科 2011 年1 月至 2015 年9 月收治 15 例发生脑膜脊髓播散转移的脑胶质瘤患者,其中 WHOⅡ级5 例,Ⅲ级6 例,Ⅳ级4 例;原发于脑干 1 例,原发于脊髓 2 例,原发于幕上 12 例。15 例患者中行活检术 1 例,近全切除 4 例,完全切除10 例。结果:患者出现的症状包括:腰背疼痛、浅感觉异常、肢体感觉和运动功能障碍、二便失禁、癫痫发作等。出现脑膜脊髓播散的中位时间为 10 （1.5～80 ）个月。发生脑膜脊髓播散后患者接受的治疗手段包括:全身化疗,全脊柱放疗,椎管内鞘注化疗,靶向治疗。15 例患者的中位生存期为 20 （9～83 ）个月,自发生脑膜、脊髓播散至死亡的中位生存期为 6（2～48 ）个月。结论:恶性神经胶质瘤患者发生脑膜脊髓播散转移后生存期短,预后不佳,选择合适的患者进行放疗、化疗及鞘内注射化疗等多种治疗方法可使某些患者生存获益。      

Clinical outcomes in patients with brain metastasis from gastric cancer

Brain metastasis from gastric cancer is uncommon and difficult to treat. Patients with brain metastasis had a poor prognosis with simultaneous and multiple metastases to other organs. Four patients with brain metastasis were reported. All patients were male with the median age of 76 years and the diagnosis was stage IA in one, stage IIIA in 2 and stage IV in one. Three patients underwent gastrectmy and one patient in stage IV received chemotherapy as the initial treatment. An interval between the initial treatment and the diagnosis of brain metastasis was 11, 24, 30 and 83 months, respectively. The symptoms of brain metastasis were stagger in two, unconsciousness in one and headache in one. The treatment for brain metastases were a surgical resection for two lesions larger than 3 cm and gamma-knife radiotherapy was performed for the other lesions. The duration of survival from the treatment for brain metastasis was 45, 48, 58 and 94 days, respectively. Multidisciplinary treatment, including a surgical resection and stereotactic radiosurgery such as gamma-knife for brain metastasis is thought to improve the quality of life, but not prolong survival due to metastases to other organs. The development of effective systemic treatment will be necessary in order to prolong survival.     

Splenomegaly and solitary spleen metastasis in solid tumors

Metastasis to the spleen from various neoplasms is very rare. Most of the splenic metastases are found at autopsy, and are part of a widespread disease. Four patients had cervical cancer (1 patient), endometrial cancer (1 patient), lung carcinoma (1 patient), and malignant melanoma (1 patient). All patients had splenic involvement without pathologic evidence of lymph node metastasis, and all underwent splenectomy. Three of the four presented with painful splenomegaly. The time from diagnosis to the development of splenic metastasis varied from 20 to 24 months. Two of the four patients had postoperative radiotherapy, one patient received intraperitoneal chemotherapy, and the patient with the melanoma received adjuvant chemotherapy. The rarity of solitary spleen metastasis from solid tumors and the treatment modalities are discussed.