miR-137 is frequently down-regulated in glioblastoma and is a negative regulator of Cox-2

MicroRNAs are strongly implicated in cancer but their specific roles and functions in the major cancers have yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we defined the expression and function of miR-137, which we found to be downregulated in glioma samples and glioma cells by qRT-PCR. Ectopic expression of miR-137 in glioma cell lines inhibited proliferation and invasion. Using computational and expression analysis, Cox-2 was identified as a candidate target of miR-137. Reporter assay with 3'UTR of Cox-2 cloned downstream of the luciferase gene showed reduced luciferase activity in the presence of miR-137, providing strong evidence that miR-137 was a direct regulator of Cox-2. Expression analysis further revealed that Cox-2 was elevated in glioma and associated with survival of patients. Furthermore, we observed that Cox-2 knockdown resulted in effects similar to those with miR-137 transfection in glioma cells. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that miR-137 deregulation is common in glioma, and restoration of its function inhibits cell proliferation and invasion, suggesting that miR-137 may act as a tumour suppressor.     

miR-4792 Inhibits Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Proliferation and Invasion and Promotes Cell Apoptosis by Targeting Kindlin-3

It has been reported that kindlin-3 expression is closely associated with progression of many cancers and microRNA (miRNA) processing. However, the effects and precise mechanisms of kindlin-3 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have not been well clarified. Our study aimed to explore the interaction between kindlin-3 and miR-4792 in AML. In our study, we found that the expression of kindlin-3 was dramatically increased in AML samples and cell lines, and the miR-4792 level was significantly downregulated. Interestingly, the low miR-4792 level was closely associated with upregulated kindlin-3 expression in AML samples. Moreover, introduction of miR-4792 dramatically suppressed proliferation and invasion and induced apoptosis of AML cells. We demonstrated that miR-4792 could directly target kindlin-3 by using both bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay. In addition, kindlin-3 silencing had similar effects with miR-4792 overexpression on AML cells. Overexpression of kindlin-3 in AML cells partially reversed the inhibitory effects of miR-4792 mimic. miR-4792 inhibited cell proliferation and invasion and induced apoptosis of AML cells by directly downregulating kindlin-3 expression, and miR-4792 targeting kindlin-3 was responsible for the regulation of the proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis of AML cells.     

miR-135b-5p靶向CMTM3调节胃癌细胞的增殖、侵袭和迁移能力

目的:探究miR-135b-5p通过靶向CMTM3基因调节胃癌细胞的增殖、侵袭和迁移能力。方法:采用实时荧光定量PCR（RT-qPCR）检测胃癌组织和细胞系中CMTM3和miR-135b-5p的表达水平。利用慢性病毒转染技术将miR-135b-5p inhibitor转染至胃癌细胞,RT-qPCR检测转染效率;CCK-8比色法和Transwell实验检测转染后细胞的增殖、侵袭和迁移能力;Western blotting 检测转染后细胞中CMTM3蛋白表达水平。利用生物信息学网站预测miR-135b-5p潜在靶基因CMTM3,利用荧光素酶实验进行验证。结果:RT-qPCR检测结果表明,miR-135b-5p在胃癌组织和胃癌细胞株中呈现高表达,CMTM3在胃癌组织中呈现低表达（P<0.01）。RT-qPCR检测转染效率,结果显示,转染miR-135b-5p inhibitor敲低了miR-135b-5p的表达水平（P<0.001）;CCK-8和Transwell实验结果表明,敲低miR-135b-5p后抑制了胃癌细胞的增殖、侵袭和迁移能力（P<0.01）,Western blotting实验结果表明,敲低miR-135b-5p促进了CMTM3蛋白的表达。生物信息学网站预测CMTM3为miR-135b-5p的潜在靶基因,荧光素酶实验证实了miR-135b-5p直接靶向胃癌细胞中CMTM3基因（P<0.01）。结论:miR-135b-5p作为重要的调节因子,反向调节抑癌靶基因CMTM3,从而促进胃癌细胞的增殖、侵袭和迁移能力。     

Knockdown of lncRNA PVT1 Inhibits Glioma Progression by Regulating miR-424 Expression

Plasmacytoma variability translocation 1 (PVT1), an oncogene, has been reported to be highly expressed in many tumors, including human glioma, gastric cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. Functionally, it could also regulate the development of tumor cells. However, its specific roles and pathogenesis in human gliomas are still not clear. This study investigated the function and mechanism of PVT1 knockdown in the proliferation and malignant transformation of human gliomas. We first examined the expression levels of PVT1 and miR- 424 in human glioma tissues and cell lines. We also used gene manipulation techniques to explore the effects of PVT1 knockdown on cell viability, migration, invasion, and miR-424. We found that PVT1 knockdown effectively inhibited cell viability, migration, and invasion of human glioma cells and increased miR-424 expression. Based on the negative correlation between PVT1 and miR-424, we then confirmed the direct interaction between PVT1 and miR-424 using RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and luciferase reporter assays. Further, we established a xenograft nude mouse model to determine the role and mechanism of PVT1 on tumor growth in vivo. In addition, PVT1 knockdown was shown to promote miR-424 in vivo. In summary, the present study demonstrated that PVT1 knockdown could negatively regulate miR-424 to inhibit human glioma cell activity, migration, and invasiveness. PVT1 knockdown could negatively regulate miR-424 to inhibit cellular activity, migration, and invasiveness in human gliomas, which explained the oncogenic mechanism of PVT1 in human gliomas. It also suggested that PVT1 might be a novel therapeutic target for human gliomas.     

miR-203 Inhibits the Invasion and EMT of Gastric Cancer Cells by Directly Targeting Annexin A4

Many studies have shown that downregulated miR-203 level is in a variety of cancers including gastric cancer (GC). However, the precise molecule mechanisms of miR-203 in GC have not been well clarified. In the current study, we investigated the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of miR-203 in GC cell lines. We found that miR-203 is downregulated in GC tissues and cell lines. Moreover, the low level of miR-203 was associated with increased expression of annexin A4 in GC tissues and cell lines. The invasion and EMT of GC cells were suppressed by overexpression of miR-203. However, downregulation of miR-203 promoted invasion and EMT of GC cells. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that annexin A4 was a potential target gene of miR-203. Next, luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-203 could directly target annexin A4. Consistent with the effect of miR-203, downregulation of annexin A4 by siRNA inhibited the invasion and EMT of GC cells. Introduction of annexin A4 in GC cells partially blocked the effects of miR-203 mimic. Introduction of miR-203 directly targeted annexin A4 to inhibit the invasion and EMT of GC cells. Overall, reactivation of the miR-203/annexin A4 axis may represent a new strategy for overcoming metastasis of GC.     

miR-369-5p抑制肝细胞癌细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭

目的:探讨miR-369-5p在肝细胞癌（hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC）中的表达情况、临床意义,观察miR-369-5p对HCC细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭的影响及其作用机制。方法:实时定量PCR检测miR-369-5p在HCC组织与相应癌旁组织、正常肝细胞（L02）与HCC细胞系中的表达情况;CCK-8实验检测MHCC-97H及HCCLM3细胞增殖能力;Transwell实验检测MHCC-97H及HCCLM3细胞迁移及侵袭能力;Targetscan数据库预测p21活化激酶4（p21 activated kinase 4,PAK4）为miR-369-5p下游靶基因;用双荧光素酶实验检测荧光素酶活性;蛋白免疫印迹试验检测MHCC-97H及HCCLM3细胞中PAK4的蛋白表达水平。结果:miR-369-5p在HCC组织及细胞系中均明显低表达,低表达miR-369-5p与肿瘤大小、TNM分期、微血管浸润相关;在MHCC-97H及HCCLM3细胞中过表达miR-369-5p抑制细胞的增殖、迁移及侵袭能力;通过生物信息学工具预测PAK4是miR-369-5p的下游靶基因;在MHCC-97H及HCCLM3细胞中过表达miR-369-5p下调PAK4蛋白的表达。结论:在HCC中miR-369-5p表达下调且其低表达与HCC恶性病理特征有关,在HCC中过表达miR-369-5p可通过下调PAK4表达抑制细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭。     

miR-223负调控SOX9对胶质瘤生物学行为的影响

目的:探讨miRNA通过靶向调控促癌基因SOX9的表达影响胶质瘤生物学行为的作用及机制。方法:采用qRT-PCR检测miR-223在WHO分级低级别(Ⅰ和Ⅱ)与高级别(Ⅲ和Ⅳ)脑胶质瘤组织和癌旁正常组织中的表达水平,miR-223在正常人星形胶质细胞、A172、U251、U87和U373胶质瘤细胞中的表达水平。采用生物信息软件预测SOX9是miR-223的潜在靶基因,并通过双荧光素酶报告基因实验进行验证。采用qRT-PCR、Western blot检测SOX9在各WHO分级脑胶质瘤组织和各脑胶质瘤细胞株中的表达。多种体外实验检测miR-223和SOX9对脑胶质瘤细胞增殖,侵袭、迁移及周期的影响。构建脑胶质瘤裸鼠移植瘤模型,检测miR-223对体内移植瘤生长的影响。结果:miR-223在脑胶质瘤组织及脑胶质瘤细胞中均呈现低表达,并且通过抑制靶基因SOX9的靶向调控作用抑制脑胶质瘤细胞恶性生物学行为。同时脑胶质瘤裸鼠移植瘤模型中,miR-223过表达可下调SOX9的表达水平并抑制裸鼠体内移植瘤的生长。结论:miR-223通过抑制靶基因SOX9的表达水平在胶质瘤中扮演抑癌基因的角色,提示其具有成为胶质瘤诊疗新靶点的潜力。     

胶质瘤组织中miR-205-5p的表达及其对胶质瘤细胞恶性生物学行为的影响

目的 探讨miR-205-5p在胶质瘤中的表达以及对胶质瘤细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的调控及可能的作用机制。方法 收集2018 年6 月至2019 年12 月于郴州市第一人民医院诊治的58 例新发神经胶质瘤患者的胶质瘤组织和癌旁组织标本。将miR-205-5p mimic转染至U251和T98G细胞,构建过表达细胞模型。采用RT-qPCR检测胶质瘤组织及细胞模型中miR-205-5p的表达水平并分析其表达水平与患者临床病理特征的关系,CCK-8法、平板克隆形成实验、划痕实验和Transwell小室实验分别检测胶质瘤细胞的增殖、克隆形成、迁移和侵袭情况,Western blot检测过表达miR-205-5p对Runt相关因子2（runt-related gene 2,Runx2）蛋白表达水平的影响;用双荧光素酶报告基因实验检测miR-205-5p与Runx2的靶向关系。结果 miR-205-5p在胶质瘤组织和胶质瘤细胞U251和T98G中低表达（均P＜0.01）,其表达水平与肿瘤大小和病理分级有关（均P＜0.05）。过表达miR-205-5p可以显著抑制胶质瘤细胞增殖、克隆形成、迁移和侵袭能力（均P＜0.05）。双荧光素酶报告实验证实Runx2基因是miR-205-5p的潜在靶基因。过表达miR-205-5p可明显下调胶质瘤细胞中Runx2蛋白的表达水平（P＜0.001）。结论 miR-205-5p在胶质瘤中低表达,过表达miR-205-5p可抑制胶质瘤细胞增殖、克隆形成、迁移和侵袭,作用机制可能与靶向调控Runx2有关。     

MicroRNA-6884-5p Regulates the Proliferation,Invasion, and EMT of Gastric Cancer Cells by Directly Targeting S100A16

S100 binding protein A16 (S100A16) expression levels are closely associated with microRNA (miRNA) processing. Higher levels of S100A16 are reported during the progression of many cancers. Our study mainly explored the interaction between S100A16 and miR-6884-5p in gastric cancer (GC). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the level of S100A16 and miR-6884-5p in GC tissues and cell lines. The si-S100A16, pcDNA-S100A16, miR-6884-5p mimic or inhibitor was transfected into GC cells, and the effects of S100A16 and miR-6884-5p on the proliferation, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) were explored by qRT-PCR and Western blot assays. Luciferase assays were performed to validate S100A16 as an miR-6884-5p target in GC cells. In our study, we found that the level of miR-6884-5p was significantly decreased and the expression of S100A16 was significantly increased in GC tissues and cell lines. There was a close association between these changes. Knockdown of S100A16 significantly inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and EMT of GC cells. The bioinformatics analysis predicted that S100A16 is a potential target gene of miR-6884-5p, and the luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-6884-5p could directly target S100A16. Introduction of miR-6884-5p to GC cells had similar effects to S100A16 silencing. Overexpression of S100A16 in GC cells partially reversed the inhibitory effects of the miR-6884-5p mimic. miR-6884-5p inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and EMT of GC cells by directly decreasing S100A16 expression.     

miR-363-3p Inhibits Osteosarcoma Cell Proliferation and Invasion via Targeting SOX4

miR-363-3p has been shown to suppress tumor growth and metastasis in various human cancers. However, the function of miR-363-3p in osteosarcoma (OS) has not been determined. In our study, we found that the expression of miR-363-3p was significantly downregulated in OS tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. miR-363-3p expression was associated with the poor overall survival rate of OS patients. Moreover, we found that overexpression of miR-363-3p markedly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of U2OS and MG63 cells. Moreover, we found that SOX4 was a direct target of miR-363-3p in OS cells. Overexpression of miR-363-3p significantly inhibited the expression of SOX4. Expression levels of miR-363-3p and SOX4 were negatively correlated in OS tissues. Finally, we found that restoration of SOX4 attenuated the suppressive effects of miR-363-3p on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of U2OS and MG63 cells. Therefore, our findings demonstrated that miR-363-3p served as a tumor suppressor in OS tissues by targeting SOX4.     

miR-143-3p通过靶向EZH2 调控结肠癌RKO细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭

目的：探讨miR-143-3p 通过靶向果蝇zeste 基因增强子同源物2（enhancer of zeste homolog 2, EZH2）调控结肠癌RKO细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的分子机制。方法：选用2015 年3 月至2017 年7 月昆明医科大学第一附属医院手术切除的40 例结肠癌患者的癌及癌旁组织标本,以及结肠癌细胞系COLO320、RKO、CL-11 和正常肠黏膜细胞株NCM460,用qPCR 法检测结肠癌组织和细胞系中miR-143-3p 的表达水平。分别将miR-143-3p mimics、miR-143-3p inhibitor、EZH2 shRNA 及阴性对照质粒转染进RKO细胞,用CCK-8 法、Transwell 小室法分别检测miR-143-3p/EZH2 分子轴对RKO细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响,用Western blotting 检测RKO细胞中EZH2蛋白的表达。用双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证miR-143-3p 和EZH2 的靶向关系。结果：miR-143-3p在结肠癌组织和细胞系中均低表达（均P<0.01）。过表达miR-143-3p 显著抑制RKO 细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力（均P<0.01）。双荧光素酶报告基因实验证实miR-143-3p 靶向EZH2。同时敲降miR-143-3p 和EZH2 可逆转敲降EZH2 对RKO细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力的抑制作用。结论：miR-143-3p 通过靶向EZH2并下调其表达水平进而抑制结肠癌细胞的增殖、迁移与侵袭。     

miR-124通过靶向调控AURKA抑制胶质瘤细胞的增殖

目的:探索miR-124及AURKA对胶质瘤细胞增殖能力的影响并探索其机制。方法:通过PCR测定胶质瘤组织及非肿瘤组织中miR-124、AURKA的表达水平;将携带miR-124的脂质体miR-124 mimic、空载体miR-124转染入胶质瘤细胞系LN-229和T98G中,吸光度观察miR-124对胶质瘤细胞系LN-229和T98G增殖的影响;通过Targetscan软件预测miR-124靶基因,Luciferase报告检测miR-124与AURKA的结合位点,通过实时定量PCR方法检测转染miR-124后AURKA基因的变化。结果:与非胶质瘤组织比较,miR-124在胶质瘤组织中表达下降,MTT实验提示miR-124高表达组胶质瘤细胞增殖能力减弱;miR-124低表达组胶质瘤细胞增殖增加,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Targetscan软件提示AURKA可能为miR-124靶基因,Western blot及荧光素酶实验提示与阴性对照组相比,miR-124高表达组内AURKA表达下降,相反miR-124低表达组内AURKA表达增加。结论:miR-124在胶质瘤细胞及组织中表达下调,并且可能通过调控AURKA影响胶质瘤细胞增殖及侵袭能力。     

miR-21调控程序性细胞死亡4基因的表达对宫颈癌细胞增殖和侵袭能力的影响

目的:探讨miR-21调控程序性细胞死亡4基因的表达对宫颈癌细胞增殖和侵袭能力的影响及其 机制。方法:qPCR检测miR-21和PDCD4在宫颈癌组织中的表达情况;双荧光素酶实验检测miR-21和PDCD4之间的调控作用;细胞集落实验检测抑制miR-21对宫颈癌细胞增殖能力的影响情况,Transwell侵袭实验检测对宫颈癌细胞侵袭能力的影响情况。结果:与癌旁正常组织相比,miR-21在宫颈癌组织中的表达上调,PDCD4在宫颈癌组织中表达下调;双荧光素酶实验检测miR-21和PDCD4之间的调控关系,miR-21可直接调控PDCD4蛋白的表达及活性情况;抑制miR-21的表达后可以抑制宫颈癌细胞的增殖能力;抑制miR-21的表达水平后,宫颈癌细胞的侵袭能力得到一定程度的抑制。结论:miR-21可以调控PDCD4的表达影响宫颈癌细胞的增殖和侵袭能力。     

miR-454 functions as an oncogene by inhibiting CHD5 in hepatocellular carcinoma

Previous studies showed that miR-454 acted as an oncogene or tumor suppressor in cancer. However, its function in HCC remains unknown. In this study, we found that miR-454 expression was upregulated in HCC cell lines and tissues. Knockdown of miR-454 inhibited HCC cell proliferation and invasion and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), whereas overexpression of miR-454 promoted HCC cell proliferation and invasion and EMT. Furthermore, we identified the CHD5 as a direct target of miR-454. CHD5 was downregulated in HCC tissues and cell lines and the expression level of CHD5 was inversely correlated with the expression of miR-454 in HCC tissues. In addition, knockdown of miR-454 inhibited the growth of HepG2-engrafted tumors in vivo. Taken together, these results indicated that miR-454 functioned as an oncogene in HCC.     

miR-3612靶向SEMA4C调控肝细胞癌细胞的恶性生物学行为

目的：探讨miR-3612靶向信号素（SEMA）4C对肝细胞癌细胞增殖与侵袭能力的影响。方法:收集2020年5月至2021年9月间在皖南医学院第一附属医院弋矶山医院手术切除的肝细胞肝癌的40对癌组织和相应癌旁组织,常规培养肝细胞癌Hep3B和Huh7细胞,将其分为对照组、miR-3612 mimics-NC组、miR-3612 mimics组、miR-3612 inhibitor-NC组、miR-3612 inhibitor组、si-NC组、si-SEMA4C组、mimics-NC+pcDNA-NC组、miR-3612 mimics+pcDNA-NC组和miR-3612 mimics+pcDNA-SEMA4C组,用转染试剂将相应的核酸和质粒转染各组细胞。qPCR法检测miR-3612和SEMA4C mRNA在肝细胞癌组织和Hep3B和Huh7细胞中的表达,双荧光素酶报告基因实验和免疫共沉淀（RIP）实验验证miR-3612与SEMA4C的结合及调控关系,qPCR法和WB法检测转染后各组Hep3B和Huh7细胞中miR-3612、SEMA4C mRNA和蛋白的表达,CCK-8法、细胞划痕...     

miR-147对胶质瘤U87细胞增殖、凋亡和侵袭的影响

目的:比较胶质瘤患者胶质瘤组织和瘤旁组织中miR-147表达水平的差异性,进一步分析miR-147与胶质瘤细胞生物学活性的相关性。方法:通过实时荧光定量PCR检测65例胶质瘤患者瘤组织和瘤旁组织中miR-147的表达水平;采用Lipofectamine 2000转染法转染胶质瘤细胞,分为miR-147 mimics组和NC组,检测两组转染效率;进一步通过CCK-8实验、流式细胞实验和Transwell实验比较两组细胞生物活性。结果:胶质瘤组织中miR-147表达水平显著低于瘤旁组织;与NC组比较,miR-147 mimics组细胞不论是增殖能力还是侵袭能力都明显降低,但是,miR-147 mimics组的细胞凋亡率升高。结论:胶质瘤组织中存在miR-147低表达的现象。miR-147在胶质瘤细胞中表达升高能够抑制细胞的增殖能力、降低其侵袭能力,并促使更多的细胞发生晚期凋亡。miR-147可能在胶质瘤中扮演着抑癌基因的重要角色。     

长链非编码RNA PSMA3-AS1在人胶质瘤细胞中的表达及作用研究

目的 探究胶质瘤组织中lncRNA PSMA3-AS1的表达情况,以及其对胶质瘤细胞(U251、LN229、T98G和A172)增殖和侵袭能力的影响。方法 使用qRT-PCR实验检测35对胶质母细胞瘤组织和癌旁组织中PSMA3-AS1表达;结合TCGA数据库分析PSMA3-AS1表达与胶质瘤恶性程度及患者预后的关系;采用U251和T98G胶质瘤细胞系进行细胞增殖能力和侵袭能力检测;使用Western blot实验检测侵袭相关蛋白MMP-2/9表达水平。结果 TCGA数据库分析提示PSMA3-AS1在胶质瘤组织中呈高表达状态,结合35对胶质瘤组织和细胞系中PSMA3-AS1的表达,提示PSMA3-AS1在胶质瘤中表达明显上调(P＜0.05)。同时发现PSMA3-AS1表达与肿瘤直径有关(P=0.007),而PSMA3-AS1高表达的胶质瘤患者生存期较短(P=0.042)。敲低PSMA3-AS1表达后,胶质瘤细胞内PSMA3-AS1的表达水平及细胞增殖、侵袭能力明显受到抑制,侵袭相关蛋白(MMP-2/9)表达水平明显降低(P＜0.05)。结论 PSMA3-AS1在胶质瘤中呈高表达状态,具有促癌作用,可能是潜在的胶质瘤治疗靶点。