医学生生命意义感与自杀意念的关系

目的 对医学生的生命意义感及自杀意念进行调查研究,探讨医学生自杀意念的影响因素以及生命意义感与自杀意念的关系。 方法 于2020年5至10月采用随机分层整群抽样法选择某两医学院2 000名医学生,采用自编一般情况调查表、生命意义感量表(PIL)、Beck自杀意念量表中文版(BSI-CV)对其进行问卷调查;收集有效问卷1 847份。 结果 1 847名医学生平均(19.39±1.26)岁,过去一周自杀意念检出率为21.33%;生命意义感平均(53.73±17.18)分;有自杀意念的医学生生命意义得分低于无自杀意念的(t=-16.041,P<0.001);生命意义感与自杀意念呈负相关(r_s=-0.390,P<0.001);多因素Logistic回归结果显示,与医学生自杀意念相关的因素有:生命意义感得分高(OR=0.521,95%CI=0.472~0.575),家庭教育方式为民主型(参考组为其他)(OR=0.583,95%CI=0.360~0.944),亲朋好友无自杀行为(OR=0.555,95%CI=0.382~0.806),遇到压力和困难时不能得到帮助(OR=1.527,95%CI=1.003~2.323),知心朋友的数量(参考组3个及以上)为0个(OR=2.494,95%CI=1.650~3.769)、1个(OR=1.955,95%CI=1.432~2.669),认为理想与现实(参考组为无差距)差距很大(OR=2.084,95%CI=1.220~3.559)、差距非常大(OR=2.235,95%CI=1.171~4.264)。 结论 医学生的自杀意念检出率不容乐观;生命意义感得分低的医学生更易产生自杀意念;生命意义感与自杀意念存在关联;医学院校应采取针对性措施如加强生命意义感教育从而降低医学生的自杀意念。     

子宫肌瘤与乳腺增生关联性的队列研究

目的 基于队列设计探讨子宫肌瘤与乳腺增生的关联性。 方法 基于常规体检的大样本人群、纵向队列研究,终点事件为乳腺增生,采用Cox比例风险回归模型和Logistic回归模型探讨子宫肌瘤与乳腺增生的关联性。 结果 乳腺增生的发病密度为205.23/千人·年。未调整Cox模型显示子宫肌瘤对乳腺增生的相对危险度RR值为1.26(95%CI:1.12~1.43,P<0.001);调整年龄后,RR值变为1.37(95%CI:1.21~1.55,P<0.001);在上述模型基础上,将是否超重、饮酒、吸烟、睡眠质量等因素纳入多因素Cox模型后,RR值为1.36(95%CI:1.19~1.55,P<0.001)。Logistic回归模型显示,子宫肌瘤对乳腺增生的HR值为1.94(95%CI:1.32~2.85,P<0.001)。 结论 逐层加入危险因素进行调整后,子宫肌瘤与乳腺增生相关,说明子宫肌瘤患者未来发生乳腺增生的风险更大。     

210例绝经后2型糖尿病发生骨质疏松的相关因素

目的 探讨绝经后2型糖尿病(T2DM)女性发生骨质疏松(OP)的相关因素,并进一步分析相关因素对OP的预测价值。 方法 选取绝经后女性T2DM患者337例,根据骨密度结果将患者分为OP组(n=210)和正常骨量组(NBM组,n=127),记录患者的一般资料,检测糖化血红蛋白、肝功、肾功、血脂等指标,应用双能X线骨密度仪测定骨密度。采用SPSS 22.0软件对数据进行统计学分析,对两组一般资料进行比较,采用二分类Logistics回归进行多因素分析,采用Pearson相关分析对绝经时间、初潮年龄和绝经年龄与其他指标的相关性,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)并计算曲线下面积(AUC),评价多因素回归模型对绝经后T2DM女性患者发生OP诊断预测价值。 结果 OP组患者的年龄(P<0.001)、糖尿病病程(P<0.001)、初潮年龄(P=0.001)以及患者绝经时间(P<0.001)均高于NBM组,而OP组患者的体质量指数(BMI)低于NBM组(P=0.006),且差异具有统计学意义。二分类Logistics回归结果显示,患者年龄(OR=1.10,95%CI=1.01~1.21,P=0.031)、绝经时间(OR=1.17,95%CI=1.07~1.28,P<0.001)、合并肾病(OR=3.52,95%CI=1.42~8.75,P=0.007)及有钙摄取(OR=11.41,95%CI=4.94~26.34,P<0.001)为患者发生OP的危险因素,而BMI(OR=0.86,95%CI=0.78~0.95,P=0.002)和有习惯性锻炼(OR=0.28,95%CI=0.13~0.60,P<0.001)为保护性因素。以这些变量构建的预测概率分值经ROC曲线分析显示,AUC为0.919,最佳诊断临界值为0.665,诊断效能敏感度为81.3%,特异度为89.8%。 结论 年龄大、绝经时间长、合并肾病、低BMI及缺乏习惯性锻炼为绝经后T2DM患者发生OP的危险因素。钙摄取与OP风险增加的相关性可能与有OP倾向的女性有意增加钙摄取有关。     

101例脑小血管病患者脑微出血危险因素的回顾性分析

目的 探讨脑小血管病(CSVD)患者脑微出血(CMBs)的独立危险因素。 方法 回顾性收集符合脑小血管病影像学诊断的患者101例,按是否存在CMBs分为CMBs组和非CMBs组,统计学分析识别CMBs的危险因素和保护因素。 结果 与CSVD中非CMBs组患者比较,CMBs组患者中高血压所占比例较高(χ2=9.879, P=0.002),超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)(t=2.294, P=0.024)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)(t=2.193, P=0.031)、半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C(Cys-C)(t=2.160, P=0.034)、脂蛋白a(Lpa)(t=4.247, P<0.001)水平较高,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-c)(t=-3.342, P=0.001)水平较低。Logistic回归分析结果显示,高血压(P=0.002, OR=6.706, 95%CI:2.011~22.362)、hs-CRP(P=0.049, OR=1.279,95%CI:1.001~1.635)、Lpa(P=0.001,OR=1.006,95%CI:1.003~1.009)和LDL-c(P=0.039, OR=0.472,95%CI:0.232~0.963)与CMBs独立相关。 结论 高血压、hs-CRP、Lpa是CMBs的独立危险因素,LDL-c是CMBs的保护因素。     

非气管插管保留自主呼吸麻醉在电视胸腔镜手术中应用效果的Meta分析

目的 对比非气管插管保留自主呼吸麻醉和传统气管插管全身麻醉在电视胸腔镜手术中的应用效果和安全性。 方法 检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库、维普数据库(VIP)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library等中英文数据库中有关比较非气管插管(实验组)和气管插管麻醉(对照组)下胸腔镜手术治疗胸部疾病的研究。对文献质量进行评价后纳入符合标准的文献,提取研究结果,用RevMan5.3软件对手术时间、术中出血量,术中最低血氧饱和度(SpO₂)、术中最高呼气末二氧化碳分压(ETCO₂)、术后胸管留置时间、术后住院天数、术后总并发症发生率等指标进行Meta分析。 结果 共纳入27篇文献、2 019例患者。结果显示:(1)实验组和对照组在手术时间［标准化均数差(SMD)= -0.02,95%CI:-0.26~0.22,P=0.89］和术中最低SpO₂(SMD= -0.10,95%CI:-0.53~0.33,P=0.66)方面差异无统计学意义;(2)在术中出血量(SMD= -0.13,95%CI:-0.24~-0.01,P=0.03)、术后胸管留置时间(SMD= -0.48,95%CI:-0.68~-0.28,P<0.001)、术后住院天数(SMD= -0.69,95%CI:-1.05~-0.33,P<0.001)、术后总并发症发生率［比值比(OR)= 0.42,95%CI:0.25~0.70,P<0.001］等方面,实验组低于对照组;(3)实验组术中最高ETCO₂高于对照组(SMD=1.23,95%CI:0.68~1.78,P<0.001)。 结论 在非气管插管保留自主呼吸麻醉下的胸腔镜手术较传统气管插管全身麻醉具有更短的术后胸管留置时间、更短的术后住院天数、更少的术后总并发症发生率等加速康复优势,该项技术安全可行。     

443例胃癌根治术后发生肺部并发症的危险因素

目的 探讨胃癌根治术术后肺部并发症(PPCs)的相关危险因素,为PPCs的个体化防治提供相应的对策。 方法 回顾性分析2019年1月至2021年3月兰州大学第二医院普通外科443例胃癌患者的临床资料,统计患者的临床病理特征,采用二分类Logistic回归分析胃癌根治术PPCs的危险因素。 结果 443例胃癌根治术PPCs的发生率为18.1%(80/443),其中肺部感染的发生率为12.4%(55/443),胸腔积液的发生率为11.7%(52/443),发生PPCs较未发生PPCs住院时间延长。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥60岁(OR=0.424、95%CI: 0.241~0.746)、糖尿病史(OR=0.318、95%CI: 0.146~0.693)、每分钟最大通气量(MVV)(%)<85%(OR=0.509、95%CI: 0.297~0.874)、术中失血量≥200 mL(OR=0.496、95%CI: 0.276~0.797)和术后吻合口并发症(OR=4.038、95%CI: 1.250~13.049)是胃癌根治术发生PPCs的独立危险因素。 结论 对于年龄≥60岁、糖尿病史、MVV(%)<85%、术中失血量≥200 mL、术后吻合口并发症的胃癌患者,应注意预防PPCs的发生。     

基于两样本孟德尔随机化的肺功能与新型冠状病毒肺炎病死风险的因果关系

目的 采用两样本孟德尔随机化方法探索肺功能与新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)病死风险之间的因果关联。 方法 对基于全基因关联研究(GWAS)的汇总数据进行二次数据分析。利用大样本GWAS汇总数据,选择与肺功能密切关联的遗传位点作为工具变量,分别用逆方差加权法、MR-Egger回归和加权中位数法做两样本孟德尔随机化分析,以OR值评价肺功能与COVID-19病死风险之间的因果关系。 结果 共纳入287个单核苷酸多态性作为工具变量,MR-Egger回归结果表明基因多效性不会对结果造成偏倚(P=0.107)。逆方差加权法结果显示,肺功能每增加一个标准差,会导致COVID-19患者病死风险降低62%(OR=0.38, 95%CI: 0.18~0.80)。MR-Egger回归也得到了相似的结果(OR=0.08, 95%CI: 0.01~0.61)。加权中位数法结果显示肺功能与COVID-19病死风险之间关联无统计学意义(OR=0.44, 95%CI: 0.14~1.42)。 结论 肺功能与COVID-19病死风险之间可能存在负向因果关联。     

山东省人群血清尿酸变异性与冠心病发病风险的关系

目的 探讨山东省人群队列中血清尿酸变异性指标和冠心病发病风险之间的关系。 方法 依托山东省健康医疗大数据平台,构建30岁到80岁人群的冠心病发病队列。采用Cox比例风险模型研究不同血清尿酸变异性指标与冠心病发病风险的关系。变异性指标包括独立于均值的变异(VIM)、平均真实变异(ARV)和变异系数(CV)。 结果 在中位随访时间为8.50年的观察期间,新发冠心病患者1 931例,其中男1 420例,女511例,发病密度为10.60/千人年。在调整了年龄、性别、收缩压、空腹血糖、体质量指数、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、平均血清尿酸水平和随访次数后,与血清尿酸变异性(VIM)的最低四分位组相比,第二到第四四分位组的HR分别为1.03(95%CI:0.90~1.19,P=0.674)、1.18(95%CI:1.03~1.35,P=0.018)和1.32(95%CI:1.16~1.51,P<0.001)。用ARV和CV表示变异所得到的结果与VIM类似。 结论 高水平的血清尿酸变异性是冠心病发病的风险因素。     

457例孕妇PM2.5风险感知与防护行为个体差异和关联分析

目的 探讨孕妇对PM_2.5风险感知和防护行为的个体差异及感知与防护行为的关联性。 方法 选取457名妊娠期女性。采用自编问卷调研孕妇对PM_2.5的感知和防护情况,采用χ2检验、Kruskal-Wallis H检验和有序多分类Logistic回归分析对数据进行统计分析。 结果 孕妇年龄越大,教育水平和收入水平越高,其对PM_2.5关注度越高(χ2=14.19,P=0.007; χ2=19.61,P<0.001; χ2=8.93,P=0.030)。同时,对PM_2.5完全不关注的孕妇和低收入(<4 000元/月)孕妇在应对PM_2.5污染时的措施采取度更低(OR=0.30,95%CI 0.15~0.60,P=0.001;OR=0.37,95%CI: 0.20~0.69,P=0.002)。 结论 低收入孕妇更容易受到PM_2.5的影响,需要提高这类群体对PM_2.5的关注度,增强其抵御PM_2.5风险的能力。     

慢阻肺患者感染鲍曼不动杆菌危险因素及耐药性分析

目的 探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者鲍曼不动杆菌(AB)感染的危险因素及耐药性,为COPD患者AB感染的防治提供理论依据。 方法 收集2012~2015年呼吸内科及RICU住院患者完整的临床资料,根据纳入排除标准选出308例痰培养结果为AB阳性的病例。对308例AB阳性病例及COPD合并AB阳性的91例病例进行耐药菌的筛选及耐药性测定分析。选取144例COPD患者中AB感染与AB未感染分别为72例进行病例-对照研究,采用二元Logistic 回归分析与AB感染有关联的危险性因素。 结果 (1)与AB感染有统计学意义关联的危险性因素,单因素分析包括年龄、近期住院史、糖皮质激素及抗生素使用史、侵入性操作、慢性基础疾病、肺功能分级、急性加重频率有关(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析有统计学意义关联的危险性因素为:侵入性操作(OR=3.725,95%CI=2.642~9.534)、近期住院史(OR=3.417,95%CI=1.412~8.515)、肺功能分级(OR=2.835,95%CI=1.565~8.623)、糖皮质激素使用史(OR=2.815,95%CI=1.328~9.045)、慢性基础疾病(OR=2.136,95%CI=1.023~8.146)、抗生素使用史(OR=2.326,95%CI=1.145~7.134)、急性加重频率(OR=2.823,95%CI=1.012~9.853)、年龄(OR=1.756,95%CI=1.003~7.035);(2)住院AB患者耐药实验结果显示对头孢吡肟耐药率最高(79.2%),替加环素耐药率最低(20.1%);(3)COPD患者感染的AB对亚胺培南(86.8% vs 59.4%)、头孢吡肟(93.4% vs 73.2%)、左氧氟沙星(82.4% vs 57.6%)、头孢哌酮舒巴坦(49.4% vs 29.0%)、替加环素(27.5% vs 17.1%)的耐药率更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 合并慢性基础疾病、侵入性诊疗操作、近期住院史、糖皮质激素及抗生素使用史、肺功能分级等是COPD患者AB感染的独立危险因素;与非COPD的AB下呼吸道感染患者相比, COPD患者AB感染对临床常用抗菌药物耐药率更高 。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.