眼眶平衡减压术治疗甲状腺相关眼病

目的 探讨平衡眼眶减压术治疗甲状腺相关眼病的疗效和手术方法。方法 采用内外壁眼眶减压术治疗20例35眼甲状腺相关眼病患者。术后随访平均14个月。观察术后视力、眼球突出度和眼球运动等情况。结果 20例35眼中除1例行眶外壁减压外，其余均行内外壁平衡眼眶减压术。眼球突出度缓解3～11mm，其中3～4mm者5眼，5～9mm者28眼，10～11mm者2眼，平均6．32mm。视力从术前数指提高至0．1者6眼，提高2行以上者8眼，无变化21眼。术后眼球运动明显好转者9眼，运动障碍加重2眼。无视力丧失及术后感染。结论 平衡眼眶减压术是治疗甲状腺相关眼病的有效方法。     

眼眶脂肪减压术治疗甲状腺眼病的临床研究

目的 评价眼眶脂肪减压术治疗甲状腺相关眼病的疗效.方法 对10例(12只眼)、经眼睑皮肤和(或)结膜切口入路,切除肌肉圆锥内外的眼眶脂肪,1只眼经下睑睫毛下皮肤切口,在切除肌锥内,外脂肪后用高速磨头磨削眼眶下壁骨壁.结果 切除脂肪量1.9～3 ml,平均2.6ml.术后矫正眼球突出度2～3 mm,平均2.4mm.脂肪减压术联合眼眶骨壁磨削的患者出现了术眼眼球向下移位和向下注视时顽固性复视.其余患者未出现并发症.结论 眼眶脂肪减压术可以减轻眼球突出,是一项安全有效的手术方法,但减压效果有限.     

改良三壁眶减压术治疗重症甲状腺相关性眼病的疗效观察

目的观察改良三壁眶减压术治疗重症甲状腺相关性眼病的效果。方法对我院收治的3例(6眼)经内科治疗无效的重症甲状腺相关性眼病患者实施改良三壁眶减压术,观察患者术后视力、眼球突出度及外观情况。结果术后4眼视力轻度提高,2眼保持不变;眼球后退5.3～12.6mm,平均9.5mm;睑裂闭合不全者术后均闭合良好,外观满意;1眼出现少量眶内血肿,治疗后吸收;4眼出现双眼复视,均于1个月内消失;术后CT显示眼眶减压良好。结论改良三壁眶减压术可有效扩大眼眶容积,降低眶内压,还纳眼球,减少眼球突出,改善外观,对内科保守治疗、常规眶减压术无效的重症甲状腺相关性眼病患者安全有效。     

甲状腺相关眼病眼眶减压术的疗效分析

目的：探讨眼眶减压术在甲状腺相关眼病中治疗的价值。方法：回顾性分析中山眼科中心1993－2000年27例（30只眼）经全身和眼部临床检查（视力、视野或视觉诱发电位等）确诊为甲状腺相关眼病患者采用眼眶减压术（一壁、二壁及三壁减压）治疗的临床资料,观察其手术前和手术后患者视力、眼球突出度及眼球运动的变化。术后随访2个月至7年,平均13．7个月。结果：视力：19只眼（63．3％）明显提高;4只眼（13．3％）轻度提高,视力均保持在0．2－0．8;4只眼（13．3％）视力无变化,其中3只眼（10．0％）视力下降。24只眼（80．0％）眼球突出后退≥3．0mm,28只眼（93．3％）眼球突出后退≥2．0mm,平均眼球突出后退3．6mm。结论：眼眶减压术可提高甲状腺相关眼病患者的视力,减轻其眼球突出度。     

眶脂肪脱出术治疗甲状腺相关眼病

目的 :回顾和评价眶脂肪脱出术治疗甲状腺相关眼病眼球突出的疗效。方法 :经眼睑或结膜切口入路 ,切除肌肉圆锥内、外的脂肪 ,达到降低眶压 ,减少眼球突出度的目的。结果 :切除眶脂肪 1 5～ 11ml,平均 3 9ml,矫正眼球突出度 2～ 6mm ,平均 3 1mm。该治疗副作用很少 ,不影响视力及眼球运动 ,与提上睑肌延长术联合效果更佳。结论 :眶脂肪脱出术可以缓解眼球突出 ,是治疗甲状腺相关眼病性突眼的有效方法     

甲状腺相关眼病的眼眶减压术治疗现状

甲状腺相关眼病(thyroid associated ophthalmopathy,TAO)是成人最常见的眼眶病之一.对患者和医生来说,TAO的治疗仍然是个难题.主要的治疗选择有眼眶减压术、全身应用糖皮质激素和放疗.一些TAO患者可能需要手术来缓解眼部症状,近年来眼眶减压术用于越来越多的患者,它可以有效而安全地改善TAO患者的外观,并减轻患者眼的暴露症状和其他不适.     

眼眶减压术治疗甲状腺相关性眼病的研究进展

甲状腺相关性眼病是一种与甲状腺关系密切、以眼球突出等眼部症状为临床表现的自身免疫性疾病.眼眶减压术是其外科治疗的重要方法之一,根据该病的分级及活动程度,可通过外部入路、微创入路、内窥镜入路或联合入路进行眶骨壁减压或眶脂肪减压,随着科学技术的进步及眼科医生不断的经验积累,手术方法不断得到改进,且更科学,疗效更满意.本文对...     

眼眶减压术治疗甲状腺相关性眼病的研究进展

甲状腺相关性眼病是一种与甲状腺关系密切、以眼球突出等眼部症状为临床表现的自身免疫性疾病.眼眶减压术是其外科治疗的重要方法之一,根据该病的分级及活动程度,可通过外部入路、微创入路、内窥镜入路或联合入路进行眶骨壁减压或眶脂肪减压,随着科学技术的进步及眼科医生不断的经验积累,手术方法不断得到改进,且更科学,疗效更满意.本文对眼眶减压术的各种方法及手术入路的研究进展进行总结,为手术方式的恰当选择提供参考.     

鼻内镜下眶减压术治疗甲状腺相关眼病的研究进展

甲状腺相关眼病（thyroid—ssociated ophthalmopathy TAO）往往引起突眼,不仅影响容貌,也可能导致视力的损伤。鼻内镜下眶减压术是一种安全有效且微创的治疗方法。本文对该手术的历史演变、手术指征、并发症以及存在的问题等作一综述。     

经鼻内镜下眼眶减压术治疗中重度甲状腺相关眼病疗效观察

目的 探讨经鼻内镜下眼眶减压术治疗中重度甲状腺相关眼病的治疗效果。方法 选取我院在2015年6月至2021年5月期间收治的60例中重度甲状腺相关眼病患者为研究对象,所有患者均行经鼻内镜下眼眶减压术,对比患者治疗前和治疗3个月后的最佳矫正视力、眼内压、睑裂高度和眼球突出度。结果 60例87眼中有50只眼(57.5%)术后最佳矫正视力提高,术前术后对比有显著性差异(U=319.7,P=0.04),其余较为稳定,无术后视力持续下降者,术后3月眼球突出度、眼内压和睑裂高度的改善均有显著性差异(t=16.56,P=0.00;t=38.12,P=0.00;t=12.67,P=0.00)。结论 经鼻内镜下眼眶减压术治疗重度甲状腺相关眼病可有效改善患者视力,降低眼内压,利于眼球回退,改善眼部症状。     

The effect of intravenous high-dose glucocorticoids and orbital decompression surgery on sight-threatening thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

AIM: To report the effects of intravenous high-dose glucocorticoids (ivGC) and orbital decompression (OD) surgery for treatment of sight-threatening thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records from patients with sight-threatening TAO [definite or highly suspected dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON)] treated with ivGC (60 cases) and OD (25 cases) was conducted at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center between January 2001 and January 2009. Patients were initially treated with ivGC (ivGC group). If no significant improvement in visual function was obtained, they then received OD surgery (OD group). The pre- versus post-treatment efficacies of either ivGC or OD in these patients were assessed using several indices, including visual acuity, intraocular pressure, ocular alignment, ocular motility, and exophthalmos. RESULTS: Nighty-one eyes had definite DON while 79 were considered to have highly suspected DON. In the ivGC group, 51 individuals (85.0%) eventually demonstrated normal vision, while 10 patients (16.7%) demonstrated a reduction in deviation (P<0.01), and 35 cases (58.3%) showed slight improvements in ocular motility (P<0.01). In OD group, visual acuity improved in 24 cases (96.0%, P<0.01) and all patients showed varying reductions of exophthalmos (mean: 4.35±1.13 mm, P<0.01). Eight cases (32.0%) experienced an 8-15 PD reduction of deviation and ocular motility improved in 12 cases (48.0%), while 3 patients (12.0%) developed new-onset strabismus with diplopia post-surgically (P<0.01). Patients were followed up at an average of 1.55±1.07y. CONCLUSION: Both ivGC and OD show good therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of sight-threatening TAO. The presence of extremely poor eyesight (≥0.5logMAR) was corrected in some patients with ivGC alone, thus sparing these patients from subsequent OD surgery. In patients who were refractory to steroids, subsequent OD surgery often provided satisfactory outcomes, however, new-onset strabismus with diplopia was observed in 12.0% of these cases.     

甲状腺相关眼病的临床分析

目的:分析甲状腺相关眼病(thyroid-associated ophthalmopa-thy,TAO)的临床特点,为诊断和治疗提供依据。方法:回顾性分析我院自2001-07/2007-10就诊的268例473眼TAO患者的临床资料。结果:在268例就诊的TAO患者中,甲状腺功能异常者213例(79.5%),眼睑退缩299眼(63.2%),迟落261眼(55.2%),眼睑肿胀277眼(58.6%),球结膜充血、水肿164眼(36.7%),角膜点状上皮脱落39眼(8.3%),角膜溃疡8例(1.7%),眼球突出422例(89.2%),眼压升高者43例(16.0%)69眼(14.6%),眼球运动受限332眼(70.2%),其中单方面眼球运动受限者143眼(43.1%),单方面眼球运动受限顺序依次是下转,内转,上转,外转,多方面眼球运动受限者176眼(53.0%),眼球固定13眼(3.9%),复视71例(26.5%),影像学肌肉测量,眼外肌受累频率由高到低依次是下直肌、上直肌、内直肌、外直肌,视神经病变者31例(11.6%)57眼。结论:TAO的发病多与甲腺功能有关,临床表现有自身特点,大多数患者易于诊断,对于不典型病例要注意眼征特点,眼外肌受累情况以及影像学意义。     

不同治疗方法对改善甲状腺相关眼病症状的效果评价

目的　评价手术加全身激素治疗、球旁局部激素注射、全身激素治疗用于不同病情甲状腺相关眼病（thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy,TAO）的疗效。方法　入组36例（72眼）TAO患者，根据病情分为三组并给予相应治疗，手术+全身激素组（手术组）、球旁局部注射激素治疗组（球旁组）和全身激素组（激素组）。比较治疗前及治疗后视力、眼球突出度和临床活动性评分（clinical activity score,CAS)改善情况。结果　手术组、激素组患者治疗前、治疗后视力比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），治疗后眼球突出度降低、CAS减少，与治疗前比较，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05），且眼球突出度降低幅度最大。球旁组治疗后与治疗前比较，视力提高、眼球突出度降低、CAS评分减少，差异均有统计学意义（均为P＜0.05）。眼球突出度降低的有效率分别为手术组100.0%、球旁组65.3%、激素组3.2%，手术组、球旁组有效率均优于激素组（均为P＜0.05）。对改善视力、降低CAS评分的有效率三组间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论　对严重的TAO患者施行眶减压手术是降低眼球突出度首选治疗方式。球旁局部激素注射总体效果优于全身激素治疗，但是还需要更多的临床研究来比较球旁局部激素注射治疗、长期激素治疗、短期激素冲击治疗三者间的优劣。     

Endoscopically controlled surgical decompression of the orbit in malignant ophthalmopathy

From May 1988, an endoscopically controlled endonasal orbital decompression was performed in 17 patients with malignant ophthalmopathy. Indications were exclusively acute loss of visual acuity or visual field defects, when medical and radiation therapy had failed. The new minimal invasive technique proceeds in three steps. First, an endonasal, endoscopically controlled ethmoidectomy with resection of the middle turbinate is done and the medial wall of the maxillary sinus is widely opened. Second, the medial and inferior orbital walls are removed, preserving the infraorbital nerve. In the last step, the periorbita is incised and the orbital fat herniates. The advantages of this procedure consist of the absence of exterior scars, the avoidance of lacrimal duct stenosis and bony defects in the maxilla and the prevention of the known morbidity of a Caldwell-Luc antrotomy with hypesthesia, dysesthesia and oro-antral fistula. The results were documented by computerized tomographic scans (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Hertel measurements, evaluation of ocular motility and ophthalmoscopy. All patients had a postoperative improvement of visual acuity. An average of 3–4 mm improvement in Hertel measurements was reached. Four patients who had a diplopia before the interventions developed a more significant diplopia postoperatively, whereas in all other patients ocular motility either improved (five patients) or remained the same.

In conclusion, the endoscopically controlled endonasal procedure enables greater preservation of normal structures and provides results comparable with the common extranasal and transantral procedures without the disadvantages of the latter.     

Orbital decompression surgery and horse chestnut seed extract improved superior orbital vein blood flow in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of orbital decomposition (OD) surgery in combination with horse chestnut seed extract (HCSE), as compared to OD alone, in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). METHODS: Sixty-two orbits from 62 TAO patients were randomly assigned to OD or OD+HCSE at 1:1 ratio (31 received OD alone, 31 received OD+HCSE). Forty-two orbits from 21 healthy subjects were used as controls. Complete ophthalmic examination and color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) were performed before surgery and 3mo post-surgery on all 62 orbits from the TAO patients. CDFI were also performed on the 42 control orbits. The effect of OD+HCSE and OD alone on TAO orbits was compared on several endpoints, including superior ophthalmic vein blood flow (SOVBF) parameters, subjective assessment, soft tissue involvement, lid retraction, diplopia, eye movement restriction, degree of exophthalmos, and intraocular pressure. The control orbits were used as reference for the SOVBF parameters. RESULTS: OD surgery with or without HCSE improved SOVBF, symptoms and soft tissue involvement, decreased degree of exophthalmos and intraocular pressure in orbits of TAO patients. The OD+HCSE combination led to significantly better improvement of SOVBF than OD alone. The differences between the reductions of SOVBF in the two groups are 1.26 cm/s in max-volecity and 0.52 cm/s in min-volecity (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: SOVBF is significantly reduced in the orbits affected with TAO, indicating that congestion may be an important factor contributing to TAO pathogenesis. OD surgery improves the SOVBF, and combination of HCSE medication and OD surgery further improved venous return than OD surgery alone.     

经结膜入路行眼眶爆裂性骨折整复疗效分析

目的:探讨经结膜入路行眼眶爆裂性骨折整复手术的疗效及优势。方法:回顾性分析46例眼眶内壁、下壁骨折患者经结膜入路行眶壁骨折整复的手术方法和效果。结果:术后所有患者视力无明显下降;在31例复视患者中,术后12mo,3例存在向上方及颞侧极度转动时复视;23例眼球内陷患者中,术后3~12mo,15例患者双眼眼突度相差≤2.0mm,8例患者术眼低于健眼2.0mm以上;所有患者外观均无可见的手术瘢痕及外眦畸形。结论:经结膜入路行眼眶爆裂性骨折整复手术,方法安全可靠,入路简单,操作方便,并发症少,患者面部没有瘢痕。     

改良的后巩膜加固术治疗病理性近视的疗效观察

目的探讨改良的后巩膜加固术对病理性近视治疗的安全性和有效性。方法应用异体巩膜材料,采用改良的单条带后巩膜加固法,对58例(103眼)病理性近视患者进行手术治疗,随访1年。结果患者术前眼轴为(29.92±2.68)mm,术后第1个月、第3个月、第1年眼轴分别为(29.69±2.87)mm、(29.71±2.97)mm、(29.84±2.56)mm,与术前比较,差异均无显著性(P>0.05);近视屈光度术前为(-18.33±7.64)D,术后第1个月、第3个月、第1年分别为(-18.26±7.50)D、(-18.19±7.22)D、(-18.47±7.80)D,与术前比较,差异均无显著性(P>0.05);矫正视力术后第1个月、第3个月、第1年时稳定和提高的分别为99眼(占96.12%)、101眼(占98.05%)和100眼(占97.09%);2例术后出现短暂复视,2眼术后出现少量眼底出血,3个月后吸收,无视网膜脱离、玻璃体出血等严重并发症发生。结论改良的后巩膜加固术并发症少,可稳定眼轴,稳定和改善视力,远期效果尚待进一步观察。     

眼科手术或联合系统化学疗法治疗视网膜母细胞瘤的短期观察

观察视网膜母细胞瘤（RB）患者全身化学药物治疗联合局部治疗的临床效果。方法回顾分析2006年8月至2007年9月本院收治的68例84只眼行全身化疗联合局部治疗并随访3个月以上的RB患儿的临床资料。所有患儿均进行眼部超声（B型超声或彩色多普勒超声）、影像学（CT/MRI）以及眼底照相检查（RetCam婴幼儿眼底照相机）,确诊为RB的患儿共66例82只眼,双眼16例,单眼50例;男性36例,女性30例。按照国际眼内视网膜母细胞瘤分期（IIRC）系统分期,A期选择局部治疗（包括激光光凝和冷冻疗法）,B、C、D、E期在系统化疗（CCTV方案,环孢霉素、卡铂、替尼泊苷、长春新碱）的基础上,联合手术（包括局部治疗、眼球摘除和眶内容剜出）治疗。随访时间6~13个月,平均8.6个月。结果 按IIRC分期,A期5只眼,B期6只眼,C期5只眼,D期15只眼,E期51只眼（包括球外转移的）;治疗结束后22只眼得以保存,其中,A~E期分别为5、6、5、4、2只眼,分别占同期治疗眼的100%、100%、100%、26.7%、3.9%;死亡5例,均为E期患者,占总人数的7.6%。结论 眼科手术或联合系统化学治疗RB是有效的,其疗效与患者肿瘤的临床分期有关,A、B、C期患者治疗效果较好,D、E期次之。