撰写综述在儿科学教学实践中的研究

目的介绍儿科学医学教育新方法以提高医学教学效果。方法将安徽医科大学临床医学某班90名学生分成实验组和对照组,实验组学生每人课前完成所授内容小儿肺炎综述,课后两组完成问卷调查,比较两组对所授课内容的理解程度及兴趣程度。结果实验组对小儿肺炎内容掌握程度、课堂积极主动性明显好于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论医学生撰写综述不仅能提高医学教学效果,并可提高学习积极性和主动性。     

微课结合CBL模式在低温影响心肺功能教学中的实践及评价

目的 探讨微课程结合以案例为基础的教学模式（CBL）在低温影响心肺功能教学中的效果。 方法 选取60名五年制临床医学专业学生作为研究对象。随机分为对照班（5组,6人/组）为传统教学班,试验班（5组,6人/组）为微课结合CBL联合教学模式班。课程结束后,通过成绩分析和问卷调查进行教学效果评价。学生对教学效果的评价以百分比表示。 结果 试验组学生的总成绩明显高于对照班（P<0.01）。问卷调查的结果显示,学生对微课结合CBL模式的教学效果评价明显优于传统的授课方式,不仅有助于提高学生的学习兴趣和独立思考问题的能力,而且有利于知识点的理解和掌握。 结论 微课结合CBL模式教学法在低温影响心肺功能教学中的应用可以明显提高课堂教学效果,加深学生对理论知识的掌握,提高学生的综合能力。     

CBS教学法在医学微生物学教学中的应用效果分析

为了推进教学改革,提高教学效果,以本校本科临床专业学生为研究对象,在医学微生物学教学中应用CBS教学法,通过问卷调查和理论考试两种方法评价其教学效果。结果表明CBS教学法可有效激发学生的学习兴趣,加强师生合作与交流,进而显著提高学习成绩,提高了学生的综合素质,得到学生的高度认可。     

应用PBL法提高医学微生物学教学质量探讨

本校临床医学专业2008级本科班1～2班的同学作为试验组,实施PBL教学;3～4班作为对照组,运用传统教学法。采用期末考试和问卷调查方式评价PBL教学效果。结果试验组学生的考试成绩显著高于对照组学生的成绩,调查问卷显示PBL教学法能提高学习的主动性和积极性,并对提高语言表达能力、独立思考与自学能力、人际沟通能力、团队合作意识等综合素质有明显帮助,其教学效果明显优于传统教学法。     

人兽共患寄生虫学教学改革与体会

为解决高等教学改革中的现实问题,提高教学质量、激发学生的学习兴趣,对人兽共患寄生虫学的教学内容进行了调整,对教学方法进行了大胆的改革与尝试,取得了满意的教学效果。     

腹腔镜模拟培训在微创外科研究生临床教学中的应用

目的探讨腹腔镜模拟培训在微创外科专业学位研究生临床教学中的应用效果。 方法采用腹腔镜模拟训练结合临床教学模式对我科24名微创外科专业学位研究生进行临床教学，教学结束时考核教学效果，调查教学满意度，比较考核前后的成绩。 结果培训后学生出科平均成绩、合格率、优秀率、主观对自己基本操作熟练程度评分、满意度评分等均高于培训前，且差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。 结论微创外科研究生临床教学理论与腹腔镜模拟培训相结合，可有效提高微创外科研究生对腹腔镜基本操作及视觉能力，提高腹腔镜操作者的基本技能，取得良好的教学效果，但考核标准仍需要完善。     

口腔专业免疫学PBL教学方法及效果分析

随着口腔医学的发展,口腔专业的基础课教学日益受到重视。针对口腔专业特点,引入了PBL教学法,从教学形式和内容两方面人手对医学免疫学教学进行改进,以激发学生学习兴趣,提高课堂教学效果,并在授课结束后对教学效果进行评价,进以探索医学免疫学教学的新方向。     

辩证看待CAI在寄生虫学教学中的应用

现代化的计算机辅助教学(CAI)在寄生虫学教学中具有生动直观、突破难点、激发学生兴趣、信息量大等优势,同时也存在一些不足,应辩证地看待CAI。CAI不可能替代传统教学,应与传统教学相结合,使之优势互补,并通过提高课件质量,加强对青年教师的培训提高寄生虫学教学效果。     

医学微生物学教学模式改革措施与效果分析

为适应当今高等医学教育发展的要求,对传统的医学微生物学教学模式改革进行了探索。通过建立网络教学平台,在教学过程中建立逻辑网络,举办专题讲座,开展双语教学等方法增进了学生学习的自觉性和积极性,使学生对知识的掌握更加坚实,教学效果得到了有效的提高。     

虚实结合在心脏机能学实验教学中的应用分析

目的 评价虚实结合实验在心脏机能学实验教学中的教学质量与效果。 方法 选取2021年秋季学期参与心脏机能学实验的学生,利用虚拟仿真实验和实践操作实验教学方法开展实验教学,实验结束后以问卷方式对教学质量和效果进行调查评估。 结果 问卷调查分析显示,虚实结合实验教学有利于教学质量、教学效果的提升,有利于学生自主学习,得到了学生的认可,提示了教师需要提高自身修养。 结论 虚实结合实验教学灵活方便,有利于提高教学质量,提升教学效果,促进学生自主学习,是一种赋能增效的教学方法。     

我国不同阶段实施综合治理措施控制血吸虫病策略演变

值此我国发现血吸虫已逾100年，同时我国血吸虫病防治工作开展逾50年之际，回顾我国不同阶段综合治理措施实施控制血吸虫病策略演变过程，综述各阶段的防治经验，探讨综合治理控制措施效果，提示与明确我国综合治理措施实施控制血吸虫病策略的进一步方向。     

Paradoxical progression of biliary strictures against recovery of biochemical parameters under ursodeoxycholic acid treatment in a case of primary sclerosing cholangitis with ulcerative colitis

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment for primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) has been considered a rational therapy, though its effectiveness in the clinical course is still open to discussion. In this report, we describe a 22-year-old man with PSC at an early stage, which was associated with ulcerative colitis (UC). He showed progressive strictures of bile ducts over a 1.5-year period in spite of an improvement in the biochemical parameters by UDCA treatment. Therefore, care should be taken in interpreting the effectiveness of UDCA, because the biochemical parameters may not change in parallel with the clinical course of PSC.     

Amebic liver abscess

Summary Clinical experiences with the patient in this report confirm the effectiveness of therapy with emetine and chloroquine in the treatment of amebic liver abscesses. Needle aspiration of accessible abscesses is desirable.     

Gerontology across the professions and the Atlantic: Students’ reflective views and voices

ABSTRACT

Health professions students need to have increasing exposure to interprofessional and international experience in developing the knowledge and skills needed to work with older adults. As students, the authors explore in this article the significant elements of our learning that took place in a blended Gerontology Across the Professions and the Atlantic course for participants from the United States, Canada, and Norway. These factors focus on the following aspects of this course: (1) weekly online topic discussions and learning experiences, (2) group case studies and presentations, (3) international perspectives, (4) interprofessional perspectives, and (5) the final course seminar in Bergen. The authors end their discussion by sharing sidebar stories of their experiences in this course that brought together the powerful, transformative elements of interprofessional and international insights into the challenges of geriatric care in the future.     

Decisions and advice about infant feeding: findings from sociological work in KwaZulu-Natal,South Africa

This paper provides preliminary empirical evidence regarding the perceived role and actual experiences of HIV/AIDS intervention-focused civil society organisations (CSOs) in Botswana's national response. Key informants see the national response as government-centred and the role of CSOs within interventions as negligible. Despite secondary evidence that indicates a fairly robust and diverse civil society community, interviews with CSO personnel revealed that the roles and experiences of grassroots organisations are currently hampered by spatial, institutional and socio-cultural dynamics of intervention operationalisation. This raises questions about the extent to which this scenario may create or exacerbate obstacles regarding the efficiency and effectiveness of the national HIV/AIDS response in Botswana.     

Transitional phases in human development (author's transl)]

Transitional phases in the course of Human Development which divide the course of development into different steps, have been searched far from the old. These transitional phases are very often seen to be at least initiated by physical resp. biological changes and accompanied by psychological or mental changes. The results of the Life-span-Psychology and especially the findings of the biographical studies of our Psychological Institue, which were started in the Fifties, shows that there are Transitional phases which neither related to biological change nor to role change nor to the change from the one decade of life to the other one. Much more important are very personal experiences which very often lead to a reorientation. - These findings are in agreement with cognitive theory of personality, according to which human behavior is dependent more on the situation as perceived, than on the stimulus-pattern contigent with this situation. Therefore the study of these situational concepts of individual is relevant for the Life-span-Psychology and specially for the analysis of transitional phases.     

The Role of Patients’ Explanatory Models and Daily-Lived Experience in Hypertension Self-Management

BACKGROUND

Uncontrolled hypertension remains a significant problem for many patients. Few interventions to improve patients?? hypertension self-management have had lasting effects. Previous work has focused largely on patients?? beliefs as predictors of behavior, but little is understood about beliefs as they are embedded in patients?? social contexts.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to explore how patients?? ??explanatory models?? of hypertension (understandings of the causes, mechanisms or pathophysiology, course of illness, symptoms and effects of treatment) and social context relate to their reported daily hypertension self-management behaviors.

DESIGN

Semi-structured qualitative interviews with a diverse group of patients at two large urban Veterans Administration Medical centers.

PARTICIPANTS (OR PATIENTS OR SUBJECTS)

African-American, white and Latino Veterans Affairs (VA) primary care patients with uncontrolled blood pressure.

APPROACH

We conducted thematic analysis using tools of grounded theory to identify key themes surrounding patients?? explanatory models, social context and hypertension management behaviors.

RESULTS

Patients?? perceptions of the cause and course of hypertension, experiences of hypertension symptoms, and beliefs about the effectiveness of treatment were related to different hypertension self-management behaviors. Moreover, patients?? daily-lived experiences, such as an isolated lifestyle, serious competing health problems, a lack of habits and routines, barriers to exercise and prioritizing lifestyle choices, also interfered with optimal hypertension self-management.

CONCLUSIONS

Designing interventions to improve patients?? hypertension self-management requires consideration of patients?? explanatory models and their daily-lived experience. We propose a new conceptual model ?? the dynamic model of hypertension self-management behavior ?? which incorporates these key elements of patients?? experiences.     

Using patient experience to measure the quality of HIV care

Measurement of health-care quality in the UK is no longer restricted to evaluating the effectiveness of treatments or the cost efficiency of services. There is a drive towards a patient-based agenda which enables them to make a clear contribution to the way services are shaped by expressing their values and sharing experiences. Positive engagement with HIV care has proven benefits to patients and the mandatory use of standardized reported outcome measures provides an opportunity to include HIV patients in the process of creating and refining an evaluation tool which places emphasis on aspects of care that are significant to them. Ultimately, this will provide services users with a stronger voice to guide appropriate service change and support the continuing improvement of HIV care.     

Basis for the use of peritoneal lavage dialysis in the therapy of acute pancreatitis

Today, as far as we know the multiple complications of different organs in connection with an acute pancreatitis are due to an enzyme intoxication and/or an endotoxinaemia. The paper reports about experimentally results which establish this view. In addition the favourable effects of the peritoneal dialysis on the course of the disease is emphasized by a prospective study. Important factors which must be considered in view of the effectiveness of the method are quoted.