New Furanoeremophilanes, Cacalohastin Derivatives, from Senecio linifolius

Investigation of the aerial parts of SENECIO LINIFOLIUS afforded the furanoeremophilanes maturinone and seven cacalohastin derivatives, five of them being isolated for the first time as natural compounds. Structures were elucidated by spectroscopics methods.     

Alkaloids from Senecio aegyptius and S. desfontainei

Otosenine and senecionine/seneciphyllme were isolated from SENECIO AEGYPTIUS and S. DESFONTAINEI, respectively. Senecionine and seneciphylline easily cocrystallize; m.p. and IR-spectra of mixtures of both alkaloids and their separation by PC are described. IR evidence of individual alkaloids and of the alkaloid-pair are shown.     

Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids from Senecio subulatus and S. glandulosus.

A new pyrrolizidine alkaloid dihydroretrorsine was isolated from roots of S. SUBULATUS Don ex Hook et Arn var. ERECTUS together with the previously known senecionine and retrorsine. From the roots of S. GLANDULOSUS Don ex Hook et Arn was isolated integerrimine and the mixture of the retrorsine and uraramine isomers. The structure of dihydoretrorsine was deduced by spectral and chemicals means.     

Senecio spp poisoning in cattle in southern Brazil.

Epidemiological, clinical, necropsy and histopathological data were accumulated during the study of 15 outbreaks of Senecio spp poisoning in cattle occurring during the last 3 y in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Morbidity averaged 17% and mortality was virtually 100%. The peak mortality occurred during spring and early summer. The most constant clinical signs included anorexia, depression, tenesmus often followed by rectal prolapse, and rough hair coat. Affected animals remained apart from the rest of the herd, lost weight, presented ascites, and had signs of digestive and neurological disturbances. Icterus, photodermatitis, polydipsia, and dependent subcutaneous edema were occasionally noticed. Two main clinical courses could be distinguished. In the protracted form, progressive weight loss terminated with death within many weeks or months. Alternatively, an acute or subacute course led to death in a few days. In both forms, necropsy and histopathological findings included diffuse fibrosis of the liver, hepatomegalocytosis, and biliary hyperplasia. Extrahepatic lesions included gastrointestinal and mesenteric edema, distension, edema and adenomatoid hyperplasia of the gallbladder, and spongy degeneration of the cerebral white matter. S brasiliensis and S oxyphyllus were the species involved in the field outbreaks.     

羽叶千里光的显微鉴定

介绍了羽叶千里光Ｓｅｎｅｃｉｏ ａｒｇｕｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｔｕｒｃｚ．茎、叶、根、根茎的组织构造及粉末的显微特征,供鉴别参考     

Authentication of Senecio scandens and S. vulgaris based on the comprehensive secondary metabolic patterns gained by UPLC-DAD/ESI-MS

A secondary metabolic pattern using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-DAD/ESI-MS was constructed to gain chemical information for authentication of Senecio scandens (SS) and Senecio vulgaris (SV), the two representative species containing hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (HPAs). The metabolic pattern showed three groups of bioactive constituents: phenolic/aromatic acids, flavonoid glycosides and the HPAs. 47 peaks were identified including 19 phenolic/aromatic acids, 10 flavonoid glycosides and 18 PAs by direct comparison with the available reference compounds or deduced from the UV absorption and their ESI-MS fragmentation patterns.The two species could be authenticated diagnostically by their metabolic profiling of the three chromatographic fingerprints. Although both SS and SV contain PAs as the characteristic constituents, only 2 PAs, adonifoline and adonifoline N-oxide were detected in SS, while other 16 PAs were detected in SV, including the highly toxic senecionine, retrorsine, seneciphylline and their corresponding N-oxides. The concentration of PAs in SV is also higher than that in SS. The number and concentration of the phenolic compounds in SS were higher than in SV. Jacaranone derivatives were only detected in SS and jacaranone ethyl ester was detected as the predominant constituent.In the fingerprint of the n-butanol extracts, 10 quercetin and kaempferol glycosides derivatives were detected. 9 were found in SS and only 2 in SV. PAs, jacaranone derivatives and flavonoid glycosides can serve as the metabolic markers to distinguish the Senecio plants from each other, and provide evidence for their clinical application in the consideration of safety and efficacy.     

千里光化学成分和药理作用研究进展

千里光为菊科千里光属植物,又名九里明。其主要含有生物碱类、酚酸类、黄酮类、挥发油类、萜类以及其他成分,其药理作用包括抗菌、抗炎、抗病毒及抗肿瘤、抗氧化及清除自由基和毒理等作用。本文综述了千里光的化学成分及药理活性,为本植物的深入研究提供参考。     

Interplant alkaloid variation and Senecio vernalis toxicity in cattle

Senecio vernalis and other plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) are implicated in the poisoning of cattle. The liver is a known target organ. In this study the content of the alkaloids senecionine (SCO), senkirkin (SKK) and seneciphyllin (SCP) and their toxic effects in cattle were studied. The content of these 3 compounds only varied by a factor of 2 within 10 plant collections at different locations in western Denmark (Jutland). However, individual alkaloids varied 3-fold, and the interplant variation for some of the PA up to 8-fold. SCO and SKK had very short half lives, 20 min and 70 min respectively. In cattle fed dried plant material corresponding to 200 and 400 g of fresh material for 10 d alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and g-glutamyl transferase activities remained unchanged. Cattle subsequently fed fresh plant material up to 1 kg/d for 8 d also had no change in liver enzyme activities. Cattle did not show any clinical signs of poisoning, and no morphological liver changes were observed.     

Eremophilane derivatives from Senecio dianthus

From the aerial parts of Senecio dianthus, five eremophilane glucosides (1, 2, 4–6) and one new eremophilenolide (7) were isolated, together with sixteen known compounds (3, 8–22). Their structures and relative configurations were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, including HR-ESI-MS, X-ray, CD, 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments.