不同循环方式对老年患者冠状动脉旁路移植术预后的影响

目的 比较老年冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)患者接受不同循环方式下冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)后围手术期的心肌损伤程度,分析其对预后的影响.方法 2008年7月至2009年6月,我院收治的125例老年冠心病患者分别在非体外循环(A组,70例)、心肺转流(CPB)不停跳(B组,33例)、CPB停跳(C组,22例)下行CABG.分别于术前,术后0、24、72和168 h取静脉血标本,分别测定心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnI)和肌酸激酶同工酶-MB(CK-MB)的水平,另外记录并发症及病死率.结果 三组术前、术后168 h的cTnI和CK-MB差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).术后0、24、72 h的cTnI和CK-MB值A组低于B、C组(P<0.05).术后0、24、72 h的cTnI和CK-MB值B组低于C组(P<0.05).A组并发症发生率低于B、C组(P<0.05),A组病死率低于B组(P<0.05),但与C组的差异无统计学意义.B组与C组的并发症发生率和病死率差异无统计学意义.结论 对于老年冠心病患者,非体外循环CABG造成的心肌损伤小于CPB不停跳和CPB停跳.非体外循环CABG能够减少老年冠心病患者围手术期并发症的发生.     

低手术风险患者体外循环与非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术早期结果分析

目的 总结低手术风险冠心病患者施行体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(on-pump CABG)与非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(off-pump CABG)的早期临床效果.方法 对48例低手术风险冠心病患者(EuroSCORE≤2)分别施行on-pump CABG(on-pump组)与off-pump CABG(off-pump组),对比分析两组患者的手术情况、术后呼吸机辅助时间、胸腔引流量、血液制品的使用、主要并发症、特殊用药、住院时间及住院费用等临床指标;并监测血流动力学、心肌酶谱指标.结果 两组患者的手术时间、移植血管根数、胸腔引流量、术后主要并发症和住院时间等方面比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),呼吸机辅助时间、血液制品的应用和住院总费用on-pump组高于off-pump组(P＜0.05).两组的血流动力学指标、心肌酶谱分析结果差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 off-pump CABG与on-pump CABG均为有效的冠状动脉再血管化的方法,对低手术风险冠心病患者应选择off-pump CABG手术方式.     

非体外循环与体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植血管中远期通畅率比较

目的 比较非体外循环不停跳与体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植手术后中远期移植血管的通畅率.方法 对同一术者行冠状动脉旁路移植手术后5年以上病例50例.按手术方式分为两组.第1组采用传统体外循环下进行冠状动脉旁路移植(体外循环组,25例);第2组采用非体外循环不停跳技术进行冠状动脉旁路移植(非体外循环组,25例).对所有病例进行冠状动脉造影随访,比较两组移植血管的通畅情况.结果 两组均男21例,女4例.第1组手术年龄(55.4±8.9)岁;随访70～110个月,平均(86.52±12.48)个月;移植血管共83支,其中动脉移植血管41支,静脉移植血管42支,平均移植血管(3.32±0.63)支/例;随访移植血管通畅61支,狭窄6支,闭塞16支,动脉移植物通畅率为78.05%,静脉通畅率69.05%,总通畅率73.49%.第2组手术年龄(58.2±9.09)岁;移植血管共65支,其中动脉移植血管31支,静脉移植血管34支,平均移植血管(2.52±0.71)支/例,随访64～99个月,平均(82.68±12.48)个月;随访移植血管通畅47支,狭窄4支,闭塞14支,动脉移植物通畅率为74.19%,静脉通畅率70.59%,总通畅率72.31%.结论 非体外循环不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植手术移植血管中远期通畅率与传统体外循环手术一致,均可达到较好的中远期疗效.

Abstract：

Objective Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) is used more widely in recent years in China. However, there is an argument on benefits and risks of off-pump surgery. Many studies shown that OPCAB had more benefits in short-term outcomes than conventional coronary artery bypass grafting(CCABG). But evidences from other studies suggested that OPCAB resulted in less long-term graft patency as compared with on-pump surgery. This study examined the longterm graft patency of OPCAB and CCABG performed by one surgeon. Methods 50 patients who had received surgical revascularization by a surgeon for more than 5 years were reviewed, 25 patients received conventional coronary artery bypass grafting ( group 1 ) and 25 patients received OPCAB ( group 2). All patients had angiograms for compareing the graft patency between the two groups. Results Among 25 patients in group 1,21 were male and 4 were female. The mean age of patients at surgery was (55.4 ±8.9) years. 15 cases had unstable angina, 16 patients had old myocardial infarction and 6 cases had diabetes.The ejection fraction (EF) was 0.58 ±0.14. The mean number of bypasses per patient was 3.32 ±0.63. Mean duration of operation was (3.58 ± 0. 82) hours. Mean follow-up duration was ( 86.52 ± 12.48) months. 83 grafts were evaluated for patency ( open vs. closed) and were graded by Fitzgibbon as grade A ( excellent graft), B ( impaired graft, with a stenosis of ≥50%, or a diameter less than 50% of the grafted artery), or O ( completely occluded). The graft patency was 73.49%, 61grafts were graded as Fitzgibbon A, 6 grafts as Fitzgibbon B and 16 grafts as Fitzgibbon 0. 25 patients were in group 2, 21males and 4 females. The mean age of patients at procedure was (58.2 ± 9.09) years, 11 patients had unstable angina, 13 patients had old myocardial infarction and 6 cases had diabetes. The ejection fraction (EF) was 0.59 ± 0. 14. Conclusion No 2011.03.013 difference in long-term graft patency was identified between on-pump and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Off-pump oronary artery bypass grafting preformed by an experienced surgeon may gain similar long-term graft patency to that of conventional bypass.     

全动脉化冠状动脉旁路移植术与常规冠状动脉旁路移植术近期结果比较

目的比较使用桡动脉和乳内动脉全动脉化冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)与使用一根乳内动脉和静脉做常规CABG的近期手术结果。方法从1999年1月到2005年1月,阜外心血管病医院共有123例患者(男114例、女9例,年龄52.2±10.1岁)采用全动脉化CABG(全动脉化组),血管移植材料为乳内动脉和桡动脉,目标血管桥在2根以上;同期行常规CABG115例(男102例、女13例,年龄60.3±9.1岁),血管的移植材料为一根乳内动脉和若干静脉桥(常规手术组)。比较两组患者术前、术中和术后的临床结果。结果术前资料比较,全动脉化组的患者年龄更小,常规手术组3支病变患者较多(54.5%vs.86.1%,P=0.001),全动脉化组有更多患者选择非体外循环CABG(26.0%vs.57.4%,P=0.001);在体外循环CABG中,全动脉化组需要更长的手术时间;平均移植血管根数全动脉化组少于常规手术组(2.6±0.7根vs.3.4±0.9根,P=0.001);住院死亡率全动脉化组为0.8%,常规手术组为0.9%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P=1.000);术后近期并发症发生情况两组结果相似。结论对选择适合的患者采用全动脉化CABG能够提供较为安全的近期手术结果。     

高龄患者体外与非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术后早期呼吸功能的比较

目的探讨体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting,on-pump CABG)与非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting,off-pump CABG)对高龄(≥70岁)患者术后早期呼吸功能的影响。方法将2000年12月至2006年2月在我科接受on-pump CABG和off-pump CABG的高龄冠心病患者分为两组(on-pump组和off-pump组),每组30例,分别进行围术期动脉血气分析和肺功能的测量。结果两组患者术前肺功能和动脉血气指标差异无统计学意义;术后第1d和第3d红细胞压积(Hematocrit,Hct)值、术后1~3d动脉血氧分压值、术后第4~6d的用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)、第1秒用力呼气量(first second forced expiratory volume,FEV1.0)、一秒率(FEV1.0/FVC%)等on-pump组均低于off-pump组(P<0.05),术后平均带气管内插管时间和住院时间on-pump组长于off-pump组(P<0.05)。结论高龄冠心病患者施行off-pump CABG较on-pump CABG术后早期呼吸功能恢复良好。     

非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术后病人的护理

非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术(off-pumpcoronary artery bypass grafting,OPCAB)是指应用药物和特殊手术器械以减弱跳动心脏的动度而进行冠状动脉旁路     

高危冠心病患者体外和非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术近期疗效比较

目的 比较EuroSCORE≥7分的高危冠心病患者体外和非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植手术治疗冠状动脉旁路移植效果的优劣.方法 2008年9月至2011年3月,145例EuroSCORE≥7分冠心病患者以抽签方式随机分为体外循环组(on-pump组,71例)和非体外循环组(off-pump组,74例),onpump组17例患者自愿选择非体外循环手术、6例未完成术后随访,均予以剔除;off-pump组2例选择体外循环手术、3例术中转on-pump、3例未完成术后随访,均予以剔除.最终114例冠状动脉旁路移植冠心病患者入选,on-pump组48例,off-pump组66例.收集患者术前、术中及围手术期详细资料.术后进行1个月随访.结果 两组术前临床资料差异无统计学意义.两组乳内动脉应用率、正性肌力药物应用和IABP辅助方面相似,P＞0.05.而on-pump组与off-pump组相比,手术时间较长,但旁路移植支数更多,再血管化率更高[(3.71±0.55)支对(2.82±0.39)支],P＜0.05.两组在围手术期病死率和多种术后并发症方面差异无统计学意义,P ＞0.05.on-pump组比off-pump组术后24 h胸腔引流量[(875.0±134.2)ml对(589.4±102.5)nl]及输血量[(656.3±84.4)ml对(433.3±62.9)ml]明显增多,P＜0.05.术后1个月两组心功能、心绞痛症状及心脏超声指标,组间相比差异无统计学意义,P＞0.05.结论 高危冠心病患者,与OPCAB相比,on-pump CABG并未增加术后肾功能衰竭、神经系统并发症及肺损伤的发生,而再血管化更完全,但缺点在于术后出血多、血制品使用多.     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术中血液回输对围手术期血浆细胞因子、心肌损伤及肺功能的影响

目的 研究非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)术中血液回输与术后血浆细胞因子水平的关系及对心肌损害、肺功能的影响.方法 将患者分为三组:非体外循环CABG术中回输血量≥600ml为OPCABG 1组(16例),<600ml为OPCABG 2组(15例);心肺转流下CABG作为对照组(13例).分别于术前,术后1、4、24和72 h取静脉血,采用液相芯片法检测细胞因子IL-6、IL-8、IL-10和TNF-α,并记录CK-MB、TnI、AaDO2、PaO2/FiO2的变化.结果 三组患者的一般情况、既往史、射血分数、左心室舒张末期内径(LVED)、冠状动脉旁路数量、术中出血量均无差异.术中回输血量OPCABG1组(800.0±246.3)ml,OPCABG2组(276.0±136.9)ml.三组患者IL-6、IL-8、IL-10水平均于术后1 h达到峰值,并于术后72 h恢复到术前水平.术后1 h,CABG组和OPCABG1组IL-6、IL-8的水平均高于OPCABG2组(P<0.05).CABG 组术后4 h的CK-MB、TnI水平及术后24小时TnI水平均高于OPCABG1组和OPCABG2组(P<0.05).三组间同一时间点AaDO2、PaO2/FiO2差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05).结论 OPCABG中的大量血液回输会提高血浆细胞因子IL-6、IL-8的水平,但尚不足以引起显著的心肌损害和影响肺换气功能.     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术术后处理

目的　总结47例非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)术后处理的临床经验，并对其进行初步探讨。方法　1999年6月～2000年6月我院共完成OPCAB47例，其中单支血管病变3例，双支病变5例，三支病变39例。采用乳内动脉、桡动脉和／或大隐静脉共移植血管150支，平均每例3.2支。　结果　平均术后辅助呼吸时间6±2.5小时、平均ICU监护治疗时间36小时，31例患者未输血，术后早期发生心律失常15例，出血、二次手术3例，二次气管内插管2例，术后1个月切口感染2例，胸骨骨不连1例，无住院死亡病例。术后平均住院14天。　结论　OPCAB术后早期应适时尽早拔出气管内插管，调整血容量，水、电解质平衡及术前所用药物，预防和及时处理心律失常等并发症。     

Coronary surgery in patients with diabetes mellitus: a risk-adjusted study on early outcome

OBJECTIVES: We aimed at determining the effect of diabetes mellitus (diabetes) on short-term mortality and morbidity in a cohort of patients with ischemic disease undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) at our institution. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 4567 patients undergoing isolated CABG in a 10-year period were studied. Diabetes mellitus was present in 22.6% of the cases but the percentage increased from 19.1% in the beginning to 27% in the end of the study period (p<0.0001 for the decade time-trend). Compared with non-diabetic patients, the group with diabetes was older (61.5+/-8.4 years vs 60.4+/-9.5 years), had a higher body mass index (26.4+/-2.2 vs 26.0+/-2.2), comprised more women (17.5% vs 10.1%), and had a greater incidence of peripheral vascular disease (13.3% vs 8.8%), cerebrovascular disease (8.3% vs 4.3%), renal failure (2.7% vs 1.1%), cardiomegaly (14.0% vs 10.9%), class III-IV angina (43.4% vs 39.0%), triple-vessel disease (80.9% vs 73.7%) and patients with left ventricular dysfunction (all p<0.05). Demographic and peri-procedural data were registered prospectively in a computerized institutional database. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess the influence of diabetes as an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality and morbidity. RESULTS: The overall in-hospital mortality was 0.96% [n=44; diabetics: 1.0%, non-diabetics: 0.9% (p=0.74)]. The mortality of patients with diabetes decreased from 2.7% in the early period to 0.7% in the late period (p=0.03 for the time-trend). Postoperative in-hospital complications were comparable in the two groups in univariate analysis, with only cerebrovascular accident and prolonged length of stay being significantly higher in the diabetic patients (all p<0.05). In multivariate analysis, diabetes was not found to be an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality (OR=0.61; 95% CI=0.28-1.30; p=0.19), but predicted the occurrence of mediastinitis (OR=1.80; 95% CI=1.01-3.22; p=0.049). CONCLUSIONS: Despite worse demographic and clinical characteristics, diabetic patients could be surgically revascularized with low mortality and morbidity, comparable with control patients. Hence, our data do not support diabetes as a risk factor for significantly adverse early outcome following CABG.     

伴有糖尿病的老年冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者桡动脉超微结构研究

目的 研究年龄及糖尿病因素对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者桡动脉超微结构的影响.方法 2009年6月至2010年12月我院应用自体桡动脉行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)64例,分为4组:老年非糖尿病组14例,其中男性9例,女性5例,平均年龄(70±4)岁;老年糖尿病组18例,其中男性11例,女性7例,平均年龄(68±5)岁;年轻非糖尿病组20例,其中男性13例,女性7例,平均年龄(53±5)岁;年轻糖尿病组12例,其中男性7例,女性5例,平均年龄(51±6)岁.用电镜观察、比较4组患者桡动脉内膜及中膜的超微结构.结果 扫描电镜下4组患者内皮细胞脱落率差异有统计学意义(X2=18.082,P=0.000);两两比较发现,老年糖尿病组与老年非糖尿病组、年轻糖尿病组与年轻非糖尿病组内皮细胞脱落率差异有统计学意义;老年糖尿病组与年轻糖尿病组、老年非糖尿病组与年轻非糖尿病组之间差异无统计学意义.透射电镜下观察糖尿病组患者桡动脉可见平滑肌细胞性泡沫细胞的出现以及平滑肌细胞向内膜下迁移倾向.对样本内皮细胞的结构、组织水肿的程度、内皮细胞中线粒体的形态学改变3个方面进行半定量评分,年轻非糖尿病组总评分低于年轻糖尿病组(1.32±0.20比4.38±0.30),老年非糖尿病组总评分低于老年糖尿病组(1.43 ±0.20比4.67±0.30);四组总评分采用析因设计方差分析,年龄因素主效应无统计学意义(F=1.24,P=0.270),糖尿病因素有统计学意义(F=41.22,P=0.000),年龄和糖尿病交互作用无统计学意义(F=1.05,P=0.309).结论 经过改良Allen实验及多普勒超声筛选后,不伴糖尿病的老年人与年轻人桡动脉质量相近,而糖尿病患者桡动脉质量明显差于非糖尿病患者.     

高龄糖尿病病人的冠状动脉旁路移植术

目的 分析高龄糖尿病病人行冠状动脉旁路移植术的疗效,探讨糖尿病对高龄冠状动脉旁路手术病人的影响.方法 649例70岁以上冠脉旁路移植病人分成糖尿病组及无糖尿病组.统计分析两组术前、术中及术后资料.结果 除糖尿病组合并左主干病变较多外,两组术前病情及手术情况未见差异,术后病死率、并发症、输血等各方面差异也未见统计学意义.结论 高龄病人行冠状动脉旁路移植手术是可行的,糖尿病病人可以获得与非糖尿病者相同的治疗效果.     

Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with significant left ventricular dysfunction

Objective  Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) is known to preserve left ventricular function better than conventional coronary artery bypass grafting (CCAB). This study was carried out to investigate the safety, feasibility and efficacy of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with significant left ventricular dysfunction. Methods  Three hundred and eighty eight consecutive patients with preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 39% who underwent CABG between January 2001 through October 2007 were included in this retrospective study. Two hundred and eleven patients were operated by off-pump technique (group 1) and 178 patients were operated by on-pump technique (CCAB) (group 2). The postoperative outcomes were analyzed. Of these, 204 (52.57%) patients were diabetics, 355 (91.49%) patients had documented prior myocardial infarction, 316 (81.44%) patients were in canadian cardiovascular society(CCS) class III and 47 (12.11%) patients were in CCS class IV. Results  There was no significant difference in the number of grafts per patient between the two groups [group 1 3.02 ± 0.76 vs group 2 3.18 ± 0.72 (P=0.07) and the index of completeness of revascularization was comparable [1.08 ± 0.08) (OPCAB) vs 1.04 ± 0.06 (CCAB) (p=0.52)] The left internal thoracic artery was anastomosed to left anterior descending artery in 98% of patients. Operative mortality was 2.8% (6 deaths) following OPCAB and 3.93% (7 deaths) following CCAB (p=0746). Postoperative usage of IABP support was higher in CCAB group (12 patients vs 4 patients: P<0.03) and usage of moderate or higher doses of inotropic support was also higher in the conventional group (p<0.0006). More worsening of preexisting renal insufficiency was observed in CCAB group (p=0.01) and no significant difference in the incidence of atrial fibrillation was observed between the groups. Conclusions  Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting is feasible and safe in patients with depressed left ventricular function and the postoperative morbidity was less in OPCAB group compared to on-pump group.     

术前脑梗死对冠状动脉旁路移植术后恢复的影响

目的 探讨术前脑梗死对冠状动脉旁路移植(CABG)术后病人恢复的影响.方法 112例术前有脑梗死的择期非体外循环CABG(OPCABG)病人为研究组.随机择期OPCABG病人按研究组1:1配对做为对照组,对照组术前无脑梗死病史.手术时间与相配对的研究组相近,同一组医师手术.结果 研究组术后苏醒时间、拔管时间、ICU时间及住院时间明显长于对照组(P<0.01),分别为(6.4±4.0)h与(4.6±2.7)h、(19.6±9.7)h与(16.8±5.5)h、(27.3±16.8)h与(22.1±10.6)h及(23.4±10.0)天与(19.5±5.6)天.两组麻醉时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).研究组术后谵妄、脑卒中及二次插管的发生率明显高于对照组(P<0.05),分别为15.2%与6.3%、7.1%与0.9%及7.1%与0.9%,RR值及95%可信区间分别为4.83和1.57～14.86、8.54和1.05～69.45、8.54和1.05～69.45.结论 非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植手术病人中,术前合并脑梗死者术后苏醒时间、ICU及住院时间均延长;术后谵妄、脑卒中及二次插管的发生率较术前无脑梗死者高.     

Coronary artery bypass grafting in female patients on Thyroxine replacement

Background Female gender and hypothyroidism are considered independent risk factors for mortality following CABG. The dysfunctional thyroid gland has profound impact on the cardiovascular system. Method We investigated the thirty day mortality of female patients undergoing CABG between 1999–2003 to identify if thyroxin replacement therapy amongst other variables affected outcome. A total of 1545 patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting of which 131 were female. 11 of these (Group A) were on thyroxin replacement therapy and 120 (Group B) did not require thyroxine replacement. The average age in group A was 60.16±3.1 yrs vs. 58.52±6.6 yrs in group B. 100% of group A were dyslipedemic vs. 78.3% of group B. Diabetes mellitus (90.9% vs. 60%). History of previous MI (81.8% vs. 47.5%), the incidence of LV dysfunction (27.2% vs. 25.8%), and average number of grafts (2.6 vs. 2.83) were the other variables studied. Results The mortality was zero in group A patients on thyroxin replacement therapy while it was 3/120 (2.5%) in group B. Conclusion Patients on Thyroxin replacement therapy did not have a higher mortality in spite of their more disadvantageous profile. We believe that this was because they were in euthyroid state prior to surgery. Presented at the 50^th Annual Meeting of IACTS, New Delhi, Feb, 2004.     

高龄冠心病病人非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术后心房颤动的临床分析

目的 探讨高龄冠心病病人非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术术后心房颤动的相关因素.方法 111例高龄非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术,分为心房颤动和无心房颤动两组,回顾性分析冠状动脉病变情况、旁路移植血管的部位及支数、术后电解质变化、循环血容量变化、抗心律失常药物的使用等因素对心房颤动发生率的影响.结果 27例手术后心房颤动,发生率24.3%.在单因素分析中,房颤组病人与非房颤组病人术后中心静脉压、术后血清K+、Mg2+、动脉血SPO2等指标差异有统计学意义,P<0.05.结论 围术期电解质、血氧饱和度、循环血容量改变及发生围术期心梗是高龄病人冠状动脉旁路移植手术后发生心房颤动的危险因素.