Impact of age on risk of complications after gastric bypass: A cohort study from the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry (SOReg)

Background

An increasing number of older patients undergo bariatric surgery.

Impact of a severe complication two years after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a cohort study from the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry

BackgroundAlthough severe complications (SCs) after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) are rare, they can be devastating for the affected patient.ObjectiveTo access the impact of SCs (Clavien-Dindo ≥3b) 2 years after LRYGB by using a nationwide Swedish cohort of 48,201 primary cases between 2007 and June 2016.SettingUniversity hospital, Sweden.MethodsPatients with SC were matched 1:1 on age, sex, diabetic status, body mass index (BMI), and year of operation to patients without an SC. Weight loss, patient-scored quality of life (QoL), antidepressant use, proton pump inhibitors (PPI) and opioids, and in-hospital care were gathered from 3 national registers.ResultsA total of 1411 (2.9%) patients suffered an SC and 16 (.03%) died. In total, 1403 patients with SC (mean age, 42 yr; female, 75%; with diabetes, 15.7%; mean BMI, 41.9 kg/m²) could be matched. Both groups had a total body weight loss of 32% at 2 years. A lower physical QoL was observed in SCs throughout the study period. Antidepressant, PPI and opioid use was higher among patients with SC, even 2 years after surgery. At this time point, a doubling of oral morphine equivalents (7.3 to 17.0 mg/d) was found in patients with SC compared with prior to surgery. The SC group required more in-hospital care after the initial 30 days (3.8 versus .9 d in the remaining part of the first year).ConclusionAn SC resulted in higher antidepressant, PPI and opioid use as well as higher need for in-hospital care during the first 2 postoperative years. Affected patients should therefore receive special attention during follow up.     

Incidence and treatment of small bowel leak after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a cohort study from the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry

BackgroundAnastomotic leak at the gastrojejunostomy in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is a rare, but serious, complication. Little has been published on leaks at other sites.ObjectivesTo assess incidence, risk factors, treatment, and outcome of small bowel leaks at the enteroenteral anastomosis (EA) and undiagnosed iatrogenic small bowel perforations in primary Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.SettingNationwide cohort, Sweden.MethodsAll leaks within 30 days in 41,342 patients (age 40.8 [standard deviation 11.1] yr, females 68%, and body mass index 42.4 [standard deviation 5.4] kg/m²) between 2007 and 2014 in the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry were assessed. Register data and outcomes were verified by reviewing patient charts. Logistic regression estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals for significant risk factors.ResultsThe incidence of small bowel leaks was .3%. Iatrogenic perforations were diagnosed earlier than EA leaks, 3.6 versus 6.5 days after surgery (P = .02). EA leaks were seen in 75 patients (.2%), with surgery at a low-volume center (<125 cases/yr, OR 2.1 [1.0–4.1]) and prolonged operative time (≥90 min, OR 3.5 [1.1–11.0]) as risk factors. The risk of iatrogenic small bowel perforations, .1%, was tripled by prolonged operative time (OR 3.4 [1.2–9.4]). Surgical reintervention was required in 97% of leaks, repairing the defect and draining the abdominal cavity in most cases. A third of the patients required intensive care, of which 5% developed multiorgan failure and 1% died.ConclusionSmall bowel leaks, seen in .3%, were associated to prolonged operative time, and surgery at a low-volume center for EA leaks. Surgical reintervention was common, while mortality was low.     

Predictive factors of complications in revisional gastric bypass surgery: results from the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry

BackgroundRoux-en-Y gastric bypass is the most common procedure for revisional bariatric surgery. This study is an analysis of revisional gastric bypass operations (rGBP) compared with primary gastric bypass (pGBP) performed in Sweden between 2007 and 2016.ObjectiveThe aim was to compare the incidence of adverse events in primary and revisional gastric bypass surgery and to identify predictive factors of intraoperative, early, and late complications in revisional gastric bypass surgery.SettingForty-four hospitals.MethodsRegistered study from the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry. The study group (rGBP) comprised 1795 patients, and the control group (pGBP) comprised 46,055 patients.ResultsMedian follow-up time was 28 months. The rate of open procedures was significantly higher in the rGBP group (39.1% versus 2.4%; P < .001) decreasing from 70.8% in 2007 to 8.5% in 2016. Intraoperative complications (15.5% versus 3.0%, P < .001), early complications (24.6% versus 8.7%; P < .001), and late complications (17.7% versus 8.7%; P < .001) occurred more often in the rGBP group. Open access in revisional surgery was an independent risk factor for intraoperative complications (odds ratio 3.87; 95% confidence interval: 2.69–5.57, P < .001), early complications (odds ratio 2.08; 95% confidence interval: 1.53–2.83, P < .001), and late complications (odds ratio 1.91; 95% confidence interval: 1.31–2.78, P = .001). Indication for revision or type of index operation were not associated with complications.ConclusionRGBP was associated with a higher incidence of intraoperative, early, and late complications compared with pGBP. Open access in revisional surgery was predictive of complications regardless of the index operation or indication for revision.     

Early intake of solid food after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and complications. A cohort study from the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry

Background

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is the most common bariatric procedure worldwide. There are few studies investigating how early return to solid food affects complications.

High acquisition rate and internal validity in the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry

BackgroundThe Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry (SOReg) is a national quality register that has collected data on bariatric surgery in Sweden since 2007.ObjectiveEvaluate the acquisition rate and internal validity of entered data in SOReg as well as completeness.SettingsNational quality register, Sweden.MethodThe acquisition rate during 2012–2018 was compared with Swedish national databases, while registered data in 89 selected variables (67 mandatory) was compared with medical records of 1860 randomly selected patients from all bariatric centers (n = 39–43) reporting to SOReg. The evaluation was done by 1 independent observer. Completeness of data in the entire registry for the same time period was studied.ResultsThe acquisition rate was 97.4%, because 33,716 of 34,628 patients recorded in the National Inpatient Registry were registered in SOReg. Exact agreement of reabstracted data was seen in 99.0% of 100,200 unique entries. All studied variables had an almost perfect agreement with Cohen’s kappa ranging from .87–1, that is, >.81 according to Landis and Koch criteria. In addition, .3% (n = 301) missing data entries were discovered, mostly in administrative variables. In the mandatory variables, overall completeness was high; however, declining with time in parallel with reduced follow-up rate, 50% at 5 years.ConclusionThe high acquisition rate and internal validity implies that SOReg reflects Swedish bariatric surgery on a nationwide basis. Hence, SOReg data can be used to monitor quality of care and in research. The overall completeness could be improved by a higher registration rate during long-term follow-up.     

Improvement in quality of life after bariatric surgery: sleeve versus bypass

Background

Obesity is steadily growing to be the largest threat to human health in this century, not only increasing prevalence of obesity-related co-morbidity but also impairing health-related quality of life (QoL). Bariatric surgery has shown to improve co-morbidity as well as QoL.

Roux-en-Y胃旁路术对非肥胖2型糖尿病患者生活质量的影响

目的观察Roux-en-Y胃旁路术（RYGB）对非肥胖2型糖尿病患者生活质量的影响。方法2008年6月至2010年10月间,前瞻性入组37例非肥胖2型糖尿病患者接受RYGB治疗,分别于术前和术后12个月,通过简明健康状况量表（SF36）、糖尿病治疗满意度问卷（DTSQ）、2型糖尿病生活质量量表（DMQLS）评价患者的生活质量。结果37例患者术后血糖和血脂均显著下降（均P〈0．05）,糖尿病得到有效控制。术后12个月时,SF36生理相关综合评分（74．6±18．3）和精神相关综合评分（78．9±14．5）均高于术前（54．9±15．1和56．4±17．8,均P〈0．01）;DTSQ治疗满意度优于术前（29．2±7．1比15．4±5．6,P〈0．01）;DMQLS满意度亦优于术前（60．9±8．0比33．3±7．0,P〈0．01）。结论Roux-en-Y胃旁路术可有效地改善非肥胖2型糖尿病患者的生活质量。     

American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery review of the literature on one-anastomosis gastric bypass

The following review is being published by the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery in response to numerous inquiries made to the Society by patients, physicians, society members, hospitals, and others regarding one-anastomosis gastric bypass as a primary treatment for obesity or metabolic disease. The review is based on current clinical knowledge, expert opinion, and published peer-reviewed scientific evidence available at this time. The review is not intended as, and should not be construed as, stating or establishing a local, regional, or national standard of care.     

Influence of complications and extent of weight loss on quality of life after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

Introduction Obesity decreases health-related quality of life, but bariatric surgery improves it. This study evaluates the effect of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, postoperative complications, and percentage of excess body weight loss on quality of life. Methods SF-36v.1 questionnaires were administered preoperative (n = 505), 1 year (n = 237) and 2 years (n = 106) following laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Analysis was performed using Student’s t-test and multiple logistic regression analysis. Complications were defined as requiring additional intervention or hospitalization. SF-36 responses were normalized to 1998 US norms. Results Bariatric patients scored significantly lower on all scales compared to the normal population. Health-related quality of life notably improves after surgery. At 1 year, scores not only improved from baseline, but were higher than those of the non-obese reference population regardless of complications. Compared to patients at 2 years without complications, patients experiencing complications reported decreased scores, but scores remained higher than preoperative scores in five scales. At 1 and 2 years, ≤50% excess body weight loss decreased scores; however, scores were significantly improved from baseline. Conclusions Health-related quality of life in bariatric patients is worse than in controls, but it improves 1 and 2 years after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Complications or ≤50% excess body weight loss slightly decreases this improvement. Presented as a Poster at the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons Annual Meeting, April 2006, Dallas, Texas     

Gastrointestinal quality of life before and short- and long-term after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for severe obesity

BackgroundOverall quality of life (QoL) is generally improved after bariatric surgery. Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms including abdominal pain have been reported in up to >30% of patients after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), and may negatively influence QoL, especially GI-QoL.ObjectivesTo evaluate the evolution of GI symptoms and GI-QoL short- and long-term after RYGB.SettingTwo public hospitalsMethodsCandidates for bariatric surgery (n = 128, BMI = 44.2 ± 7.4) or patients who had undergone RYGB 2–4 years (n = 161, BMI = 29.3 ± 15.9) and 5–10 years (n = 121, BMI = 31.3 ± 6.5) before were invited to complete a questionnaire combining 3 validated questionnaires (GIQLI, GSRS, and PCS) specifically designed to evaluate GI-QoL. Scores were compared between the preoperative, early, and late postoperative periods.ResultsThe GIQLI score improved from 88.1 before surgery to 118.6 (P < .0001) and 109.7 (P < .0001) in the early and late postoperative periods respectively. GSRS score improved from 15.6 to 10.1 (P = .0001) and 12.8 (P = .012), and PCS-score improved from 19 to 4.5 (P = .0001) and 8.3 (P = .0001), respectively. The GI subscore of the GIQLI improved from 57.4 to 62.1 (P = .007) in the early period but was not significantly different in the late period (59.3 versus 57.4, P = .3). The psychological impact of GI symptoms decreased at both postoperative time points.ConclusionGI-QoL is markedly improved after RYGB, and this improvement persists up to 10 years. GI symptoms decrease early after surgery and do not worsen in the longer term. Their psychological impact is markedly reduced.     

Postoperative delirium and health related quality of life after coronary artery bypass grafting

Objectives. We wanted to identify determinants for postoperative delirium and its influence on health related quality of life (HRQoL) during 36-month follow-up of coronary artery bypass (CABG) patients. Design. A total of 302 patients were retrospectively analyzed. HRQoL was assessed prospectively by the15D instrument. Delirium was diagnosed clinically. Results. The incidence of delirium was 6.0%. The cumulative survival (all-cause death) in 36 months was 96.1% in patients without delirium and 77.8% in patients with delirium. Age, cerebral disease, chronic heart failure, male gender, postoperative pneumonia and low output syndrome were predictors for delirium. Delirium patients needed more resources i.e. intensive care or total duration of hospitalization and experienced no positive change in HRQoL. Moreover patients with high preoperative 15D score tended to suffer fairly severe but reversible impairment during the first 6 months after the operation. Conclusions. Preoperatively older and sicker patients with complicated postoperative course are at higher risk of developing delirium after CABG. Preoperative status and operative complications together with delirium may exert negative influence on forthcoming HRQoL, which is seen especially in patients with a relatively high preoperative level of HRQoL.     

Long-term quality of life after laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer

Background Laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LAG) is gaining acceptance for treating early gastric cancer. However, the long-term quality of life after LAG for gastric cancer is unknown. This study compared the long-term quality of life after LAG versus open distal gastrectomy (ODG) for early gastric cancer. Method This study included 53 patients who underwent LAG and 37 patients who underwent ODG for treatment of early gastric cancer. Quality of life was evaluated on the basis of a 22-item questionnaire that addressed food tolerance and mental and physical conditions, scored on a scale of 1–3. Results The mean follow-up periods after LAG and ODG were 99.3 and 97.0 months, respectively. Although the majority of patients who had undergone LAG were consuming a normal diet and had weight loss of less than 5 kg, all 22 items and the total score of the LAG group were comparable to those of the ODG group. However, the incidence of postoperative intestinal obstruction was significantly lower in the LAG group than in the ODG group (1% vs. 13%, p < 0.05). Conclusions LAG is equivalent to ODG with respect to long-term quality of life and is associated with a reduced incidence of postoperative intestinal obstruction. This work was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (No. 15390401) from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture     

Long-term BAROS scores and independent obesity-related co-morbidity predictors of failure after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

BackgroundLong-term (>5 yr) studies assessing outcomes after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) using the Bariatric Analysis and Reporting Outcome System (BAROS) are limited. Evidence of predictors of failure long-term after LRYGB is also lacking.ObjectivesTo compare BAROS scores at 5 and 10 years post LRYGB and to establish whether individual obesity-related co-morbidities are associated with suboptimal outcomes at these time points.SettingSingle bariatric unit.MethodsBAROS scores were analyzed in patients who were 5 years (group A) and 10 years (group B) post LRYGB. Obesity-related co-morbidities as predictors of failure of surgery (defined by % excess weight loss [%EWL] <50% or BAROS total score ≤1) were examined. Intergroup comparative analysis of outcomes and logistic regression modeling to determine predictors of weight loss failure were conducted.ResultsA total of 88 patients were 5 years post LRYGB (group A), and 91 patients were 10 years post LRYGB (group B). A total of 52.3% (46/88) in group A and 54.9% (50/91) in group B had failure of weight loss defined by %EWL <50%. There were no significant differences in percentage of total weight loss, %EWL, or BAROS scores between the 2 groups (21.8% versus 22.0%, P = .897; 48.5% versus 47.1%, P = .993; and 3.7 versus 3.3, P = .332, respectively). No individual obesity-related co-morbidity at time of surgery was associated with suboptimal outcomes (%EWL <50% or BAROS total score ≤1) at 5 years or 10 years after LRYGB.ConclusionsLong-term outcomes assessed by the BAROS score appear sustainable between 5 and 10 years after LRYGB surgery, and weight loss achieved at 5 years is maintained at 10 years. Preoperative presence of specific obesity-related co-morbidities was not associated with failure of surgery long-term.     

Weight loss,adverse events,and loss to follow-up after gastric bypass in young versus older adults: A Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry study

Background

Young adults display particularly poor weight loss in behavioral obesity treatment; nonetheless, they have seldom been included in bariatric research.

Evaluation of patients' quality of life aspects after cardiac pacemaker implantation

Objective

To evaluate patients'' quality of life aspects after pacemaker implantation, relating it to gender, age, and implantation timespan.

Methods

A total of 107 clinically stable patients of both genders (49.5% women and 50.5% men) over 18 years old (average 69.3±12.6 years) and presenting an implantation timespan of three to 12 months (average 6.36±2.99 months) were evaluated. The evaluation included personal, clinical, and implant data as well as quality of life questionnaires (AQUAREL and SF-36). Statistical analysis was conducted using the t test and Pearson correlation, with a 5% significance level.

Results

The lowest SF-36 score referred to physical aspects, and the highest score referred to social aspects. In AQUAREL, the lowest score referred to dyspnea, and the highest referred to discomfort. There was a significant association between gender and quality of life in SF-36 (physical functioning and emotional aspects) and in AQUAREL (dyspnea). A negative correlation was observed between age and quality of life (functional capacity in SF-36, and discomfort in AQUAREL) in relation to implantation timespan, a correlation with vitality from SF-36.

Conclusion

Lower quality of life scores were found in physical aspects and dyspnea; and higher scores in social aspects and discomfort. Men presented higher quality of life scores related to physical functioning, emotional aspects and dyspnea. As age increases, quality of life worsens regarding functional capacity and discomfort; and the longer the pacemaker implantation timespan, the worse quality of life when it comes to vitality. Gender, age, and implantation timespan influence quality of life; thus, these variables must be considered in strategies for improving quality of life of patients with pacemakers.     

Impact of obstructive sleep apnea on quality of life after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

Background

To examine the influence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on the quality of life (QoL) in bariatric surgery.