结肠憩室炎的CT研究进展

结肠憩室炎是结肠憩室最常见的并发症，发病率随年龄增长逐渐提高。CT可全面评估结肠憩室炎并进行分期，为临床治疗方案的选择提供全面指导。本文对结肠憩室炎的CT研究进展进行综述。     

Right colonic diverticulitis: MR appearance

Background: We evaluated the magnetic resonance (MR) features of right colonic diverticulitis. Methods: This prospective study was based on five patients selected from a group of 156 patients admitted to the radiology department for further evaluation because of clinically suspected appendicitis. All five patients had ultrasound (US) and MR studies, and four patients also had computed tomography (CT). Results: In all five patients, right-side diverticulitis was seen as an outpouching of the right colon with associated circumferential wall thickening of the colon and surrounding inflammatory changes. Conclusions: Our results suggest that MR imaging can be useful in the diagnosis of right colonic diverticulitis. An inflamed diverticulum with adjacent colonic wall thickening and surrounding inflamed fat are characteristic MR signs. MR imaging can be a valuable alternative to CT in young or pregnant patients who have suspected appendicitis and an equivocal US result.     

Clinical outcomes of laparoscopic colonic resection for diverticular disease in Japanese patients

Introduction: Indications for laparoscopic surgery for colonic diverticular disease have not been established in Japan despite this being a relatively common disease. We studied surgical outcomes of laparoscopic colon resection (LCR) versus open colon resection (OCR) for diverticular disease. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed surgical outcomes of 21 patients with colonic diverticulitis. Results: Of these 21 patients, 11 underwent OCR, and 10 underwent LCR. There were no differences in age, sex, and BMI between the groups. Diverticulitis in the LCR group, compared to the OCR group, was characterized as being of the uncomplicated type with a right‐side location (P<0.01). Volume of blood loss and duration of postoperative hospital stay were less in the LCR group than in the OCR group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in operative times, duration to start of solid food intake, and rate of postoperative complications. Conclusion: These results suggest that LCR for diverticulitis can be performed safely and less invasively without increased morbidity for uncomplicated diverticulitis. Further studies will be needed to determine the benefits of LCR for complicated diverticulitis.     

Right-sided Diverticulitis Mimics Appendicitis

Background

Right-sided diverticulitis is a rare source of right lower quadrant pain in Western society; however, it is quite common in Asian societies. Right-sided diverticulitis presents very similarly to appendicitis, with right lower quadrant pain, fever, nausea, and laboratory abnormalities, and is often seen in young patients.

Objectives

In this report, we present a case of right-sided diverticulitis. We review right-sided diverticulitis’ diagnosis and management. It is important to diagnose right-sided diverticulitis because it is a good mimic of appendicitis and ideally should be diagnosed before a patient has unnecessary surgery.

Case Report

A 26-year-old Asian woman presented for evaluation of right lower quadrant pain and fever. She was initially thought to have appendicitis clinically, but had right-sided diverticulitis diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) scan. She was admitted and received intravenous antibiotics and bowel rest. Her right-sided diverticulitis resolved in 3 days.

Conclusions

Severe right lower quadrant pain in young patients of Asian descent can be right-sided diverticulitis. Right-sided diverticulitis is a benign condition managed medically that mimics appendicitis. CT imaging seems to be the best way to avoid unnecessary surgery.     

Laparoscopic diverticulectomy of perforated right‐sided colonic diverticulitis

The perforation of the right‐sided colonic diverticulitis (RSCD) is a rare surgical emergency with highly variable clinical presentations. The preoperative distinction between acute appendicitis and perforated diverticulitis represent a dilemma for surgeon. The laparoscopic repair is a feasible method instead of ileocecectomy in selected cases.     

Emphysematous epididymitis as presentation of unusual seminal vesicle fistula secondary to sigmoid diverticulitis: case report

This case report describes a sigmoid diverticulitis with torpid development, long-term symptoms of bladder irritability, and an emphysematous epididymitis caused by a direct seminal vesicle fistula. The diagnosis was suggested by scrotal ultrasound visualizing gas in the scrotum; the complex pelvic fistulous tract was specifically delineated by multislice computed tomography. This may be the first reported case of seminal vesicle fistula directly related to colonic diverticulitis and causing emphysematous epididymitis.     

Emphysematous epididymitis as presentation of unusual seminal vesicle fistula secondary to sigmoid diverticulitis: case report

This case report describes a sigmoid diverticulitis with torpid development, long-term symptoms of bladder irritability, and an emphysematous epididymitis caused by a direct seminal vesicle fistula. The diagnosis was suggested by scrotal ultrasound visualizing gas in the scrotum; the complex pelvic fistulous tract was specifically delineated by multislice computed tomography. This may be the first reported case of seminal vesicle fistula directly related to colonic diverticulitis and causing emphysematous epididymitis.     

急性结肠憩室炎154例临床特征及复发因素分析

目的分析急性结肠憩室炎的临床特征并探讨导致复发的可能因素。方法回顾性收集2015年1月至2019年10月北京大学第一医院急诊科收治的急性结肠憩室炎患者为研究对象,收集的临床资料包括性别、年龄、病变位置、首次外周血白细胞计数(WBC)和中性粒细胞百分比(NE%)、世界急诊外科学学会(WSES)分级、治疗方法及治疗后复发情况等。将研究对象依据治疗后是否复发分为未复发组和复发组,比较两组在临床资料上的差异。结果共入组154例,未复发组99例,复发组55例。①男97例,女57例,男女比例1.70∶1.00。年龄16~89岁,平均年龄(46.44±15.26)岁。60岁以下患者125例(81.2%);②急性右半结肠憩室炎(acute right-sided colonic diverticulitis,ARCD)143例(92.9%);急性左半结肠憩室炎(acute left-sided colonic diverticulitis,ALCD)11例(7.1%);③ARCD患者中主诉腹痛142例(99.3%)、发热29例(20.3%),有转移性右下腹痛表现的44例(30.8%),查体为右下腹压痛125例(86.7%)。ALCD患者中腹痛10例(90.9%)、发热5例(45.5%)、腹泻3例(27.2%)、便血1例(9.1%),查体为左腹部压痛(包括左侧腹弥漫性压痛3例)11例(100.0%);④未复发组与复发组年龄、性别、腹痛、发热、便血、腹泻、恶心呕吐、病变位置、首次外周血WBC及NE%差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);⑤0级患者97例(63.0%),治疗后复发36例(37.1%);1A级患者29例(18.8%),复发6例(20.7%);1B级患者7例(4.6%),复发4例(57.1%);2A级患者9例(5.8%),复发5例(55.6%);2B级患者7例(4.6%),复发3例(42.9%);3级患者4例(2.6%),手术治疗2例,复发1例(25.0%);4级患者1例(0.6%),行手术治疗,未复发;⑥未复发组与复发组WSES分级差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.118,P>0.05);复发组的憩室粪石(23.6%vs.5.1%,χ²=11.832,P=0.001)和炎症累及阑尾(45.5%vs.10.1%,χ²=25.163,P=0.000)的比例较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);⑦复发时WSES分级较初发时未升高42例,复发时WSES分级升高的为13例。憩室有粪石的患者复发后WSES分级更易升高(69.2%vs.9.5%,χ²=19.607,P=0.000),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。复发后WSES分级未升高患者与升高患者炎症累及阑尾差异无统计学意义(47.6%vs.38.5%,χ²=0.336,P>0.05)。结论急性结肠憩室炎以男性多见,60岁以下患者为主。ARCD更为常见,临床表现主要为右下腹痛,可表现为转移性右下腹痛。憩室有粪石或炎症累及阑尾的患者治疗后复发率高,憩室有粪石的患者复发后WSES分级易升高。     

High-resolution sonographic spectrum of diverticulosis, diverticulitis, and their complications.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the high-resolution sonographic features of diverticulosis, diverticulitis, and their complications. METHODS: During a period of about 4 years 8 months, there were 25 patients with sonographic features of diverticulosis, uncomplicated diverticulitis, and complicated diverticulitis. The clinical symptoms, sonographic features, follow-up investigations, and management details were recorded. RESULTS: The common symptoms were pain in the left lower quadrant and fever. Sonographic features of uncomplicated diverticulitis were a varying appearance of the diverticulum with pericolic inflammation. Colonic wall thickening was not a consistent sign. Complications seen were pericolic, mesocolic, and intraperitoneal abscesses, colovesical fistulas, colouterine fistulas, perforation, and small-bowel obstruction. Uninflamed diverticula were seen in all patients with left-sided disease. They had 7 types of sonographic appearances. CONCLUSIONS: Uncomplicated diverticulitis is seen as a diverticulum of variable echogenicity with pericolic inflammation. An inflamed diverticulum is not visualized in complicated diverticulitis. Visualization of uninflamed diverticula helps reinforce the diagnosis of uncomplicated diverticulitis and predict the cause in complicated diverticulitis.     

Perforated jejunal diverticulitis with extensive diverticulosis: A case report

Jejunal diverticulitis is a rare condition that almost occurs in the elderly. An extensive diverticulosis associated is exceptional and can make the treatment more challenging.     

急性阑尾憩室炎的超声诊断

目的 探讨急性阑尾憩室炎的声像图特点。方法 回顾性地对4例经手术及病理证实的急性阑尾憩室炎病例的超声特点进行了分析总结。结果 超声主要特点是沿着呈不同程度增粗的阑尾边缘有一个或数个囊性突起，囊性突起边缘为高回声的薄壁，部分囊性突起内可见细小强回声光点漂浮。结论 腹部超声是术前诊断急性阑尾憩室炎的一种有价值的检查方法。     

A Rare Case of Acute Right-Sided Colonic Diverticulitis Presenting as Pancreatitis

Background

This case report highlights the clinical presentation, radiologic findings, and medical management of a case of right colonic diverticulitis (RCD) with concomitant pancreatitis, a rare and easily missed entity in the emergency department (ED) of Western hemisphere countries. In our report, we present and discuss a case of RCD that led to pancreatitis in a female Asian patient. We review the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of this disorder, and also discuss some complications associated with RCD. The importance of considering this pathologic entity within the ED differential even in those patients presumed to be at low risk for this condition is also explained, as this can prevent inappropriate surgical intervention for this presentation.

Acute right‐sided colonic diverticulitis mimicking appendicitis: A report of two cases

We describe two right‐sided diverticulitis cases that presented with marked right iliac fossa tenderness with guarding and rebound and laboratory parameters resembling acute appendicitis. The imaging findings suggested diverticulitis in both cases. One of the patients underwent surgery and the other one was followed up with medical treatment. Awareness of these imaging findings may aid in the diagnosis of right‐sided diverticulitis, which is frequently misdiagnosed and mistreated. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2013     

Case series: diverticulitis in the young

Diverticulitis has long been regarded as a disease of the elderly, but its incidence has been increasing in those under age 40. Younger patients with diverticulitis are more likely to be male and obese. They often have atypical presentations, and 25% may have right lower quadrant pain. Not surprisingly, the condition is often misdiagnosed, resulting in unnecessary surgery. An abdominal CT scan is the modality of choice for diagnosis, but the most important diagnostic step is simply to include diverticulitis on the differential diagnosis of a young person with lower abdominal pain.     

Can sonography diagnose acute colonic diverticulitis in patients with acute intestinal inflammation? A prospective study

In a prospective study of 123 patients with clinical signs of acute intestinal inflammation, the sensitivity of ultrasonography in diagnosing acute colonic diverticulitis was 84.6% and the specificity 80.3%. The predictive value of a positive and a negative sonogram was 76.0% and 87.7%, respectively. Of the 52 patients with subsequently proven acute colonic diverticulitis, 44 presented sonographically with a thickened (greater than 4 mm) hypoechoic bowel wall. In 15 patients, enlarged fluid-filled bowel loops were also present. Air-containing diverticula were demonstrated in 3 patients, abscesses in 8 patients, and colovesical fistulae in 2 patients. Eight large abscesses were successfully treated without emergency surgery by percutaneous sonographically guided evacuation. The described sonographic abnormalities strongly suggest acute colonic diverticulitis, particularly when localized in the left lower abdomen.     

Cecal diverticulitis in young patients

Of the patients with cecal diverticulitis, 24 to 50% are below the age of 30, and such cases are usually misdiagnosed preoperatively as appendicitis. Two young patients with cecal diverticulitis were diagnosed preoperatively by barium enemas. The barium enemas correctly identified the extent of the disease. Treatment was tailored to the clinical and roentgenographic findings with both patients requiring elective colon resections.     

Diverticulitis of the small bowel: CT diagnosis

In contrast with their colonic equivalents, noncolonic diverticula of the gastro-intestinal tract are much rarer and an uncommon site of inflammation. Symptoms and signs are generally nonspecific and before the advent and development of CT, clinical and radiological diagnosis was very difficult. As a result laparotomy was carried out in most cases without correct preoperative diagnosis. We report three rare cases of noncolonic diverticulitis, respectively, affecting the duodenum, the jejunum, and the distal ileum. MDCT with multiplanar reconstructions revealed unambiguously diagnostic features in the three cases and allowed minimally invasive endoscopic drainage in the duodenal case and successful conservative medical treatment in the jejunal and ileal cases. We discuss and review the prevalence, physiopathology, symptoms, and complications of diverticula of the duodenum and jejuno-ileum and emphasis on the high performance of MDCT for the diagnosis of acute diverticular complications.     

Emergency laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy with primary anastomosis for Hinchey stages III and IV diverticulitis

For patients with perforated diverticulitis, many reports have focused on laparoscopic surgery without primary anastomosis. We performed laparoscopic surgery with primary anastomosis in three patients (two with Hinchey stage III, one with IV), with a median age of 53 years, all female, and no prior medical history. They all were hemodynamically stable. The median operation time was 91 minutes (range: 56–227 minutes) and the median blood loss was 50 mL (range: 0–200 mL). Their post-operative course was uneventful, and patients commenced oral intake at a median of 5 post-operative days and were discharged at a median of 12 post-operative days. This procedure may be an option for Hinchey stages III and IV diverticulitis.     

Fistula Formation to the Bladder and to a Corpus Alienum as a Rare Complication of Diverticulitis: A Case Report

Background: Fistula formation is a known complication of diverticulitis. Treatment of a diverticular fistula depends on the comorbidity of the patient and the severity of the disease. Case report: A 59-year-old man presented to the Emergency Department with chronic lower back pain that was being treated with a neurostimulator. He presented with severe sepsis, and an abscess formation near the neurostimulator. An abdominal and pelvic computed tomography scan revealed diverticulitis complicated by fistula formation to the neurostimulator and bladder. He was successfully treated by a two-stage procedure: first, exploration and drainage of the abscess, with removal of the foreign body, followed by a sigmoid resection 1 week later. Conclusion: In rare but severe presentations of diverticular disease, it is very important to limit initial treatment to the most threatening disorder.     

Utility of point-of-care ultrasound in patients with suspected diverticulitis in the emergency department

In emergency department (ED) cases with clinically suspected diverticulitis, diagnostic imaging is often needed for diagnostic confirmation, to exclude complications, and to direct patient management. Patients typically undergo a CT scan in the ED; however, in a subset of cases with suspected diverticulitis, point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) may provide sufficient data to confirm the diagnosis and ascertain a safe plan for outpatient management.We review the main sonographic features of diverticulitis and discuss the diagnostic accuracy and potential benefits of a POCUS First model.