海参多糖抗肿瘤作用机制的研究进展

海参多糖具有抗凝血与抗血栓形成、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗病毒、免疫调节等多种生物活性,而其抗肿瘤作用是近年来研究最多的。海参多糖的具体抗肿瘤机制大致可以分为阻滞细胞周期和促进细胞凋亡、阻碍细胞核酸的合成、抑制细胞增殖及促进细胞分化、抑制新生血管、调节免疫活性等多个方面。     

抗癌中药多糖与细胞凋亡研究

近年来，由于发现细胞凋亡在造血，免疫和肿瘤发生机制上具有重要作用，细胞凋亡已成为当前生命科学中引人人目的研究热点．国外已将细胞凋亡作为评价抗肿瘤药物疗效的一项新指标．寻找高效低毒的抗癌药物以及抗癌辅助药物是抗肿瘤研究的重要内容之一．近年来，对中药多糖的抗肿瘤研究方兴未艾，大量的研究表明，中药多糖具有肯定的增强免     

海藻多糖抗肿瘤机理研究进展

近年来对海洋生物的研究使海藻多糖的生物活性逐渐被发掘出来。海藻多糖不仅具有抗病毒、抗衰老、降血糖、刺激造血的功能,还具有抗肿瘤、提高机体免疫功能等多种生物活性。本文对海藻多糖抗肿瘤机理作一概述。     

多糖类对免疫系统的作用研究

构成生命最基本物质之一的多糖类,以其多种多样的形式,广泛存在于动物细胞膜、植物和微生物细胞壁中。随着细胞生物学和分子生物学研究的不断深入,多糖类的生物活性越来越被人们所重视,尤其是它对免疫系统的双向调节功能,更使它成为当前药物研究的“热点”之一。 人们研究最早和最深入的是从微生物来源的多糖类,如香菇多糖、云芝多糖和裂褶菌多糖,已正式应用于临床,还有许多菌类多糖如猪苓多糖、茯苓多糖及银耳多糖正在研究中,它们都具有免疫剂的功能。从原核生物藻类中提取的多糖,不但具有抗血栓作用、免疫促进作用和抗肿瘤作用…     

多糖抗肿瘤作用机制的研究进展

多糖 (polysaccharides)是由醛糖或酮糖通过糖苷键相连接的一类天然大分子聚合物 ,它在自然界中来源广泛 ,特别是在高等植物、动物、微生物、地衣和海藻中含量丰富。多糖不但是生物体的主要结构成分 ,还具有复杂的多方面的生物活性与功能。现就近年来国内外对多糖抗肿瘤作用机制的研究加以概述。1　免疫调节功能免疫调节是公认的多糖抗肿瘤作用的主要机制之一。多糖不仅能有效激活免疫细胞、提高机体免疫能力 ,而且对宿主正常细胞没有直接的毒副作用 ,因此被认为是一种重要的生物效应调节剂 (Biological Response Modifier,BRM)。1.1　多…     

植物凝集素的分类及生物活性

来源于植物的植物凝集素是一种非免疫原性,具有高度特异性和能够凝集细胞及沉淀单糖或者多糖复合物的糖结合活性蛋白。基于其显著的生物学活性,以及特异性结合单糖或多糖复合物的作用,使得其在抗肿瘤、病毒、真菌,以及农业等方面起到了重要的作用。本文针对植物凝集素的分类,生物活性包括抗肿瘤,抗真菌,抗孕以及农业等方面进行了综述。     

田螺多糖抑制肿瘤细胞增殖生物活性的实验研究

目的　分析田螺多糖的理化性质；研究其体外抑制癌细胞的生物活性。方法　苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖含量，紫外分析检测多糖蛋白，电解法检测硫酸基。以人宫颈癌细胞（Hela）、人大肠癌细胞株（HCT-8）为体外实验模型，将不同浓度的田螺多糖、5氟尿嘧啶（5-Fu）分别与癌细胞作用72 h，以不加药物的细胞对照，利用MTT法检测细胞活性，计算细胞抑制率，评价田螺多糖体外抗肿瘤生物活性。结果　田螺多糖含量86.26%，蛋白含量少，含有硫酸基。田螺多糖在体外对Hela细胞、HCT-8细胞均有抑制作用，但抑制后者效果较差。结论　田螺多糖具有抗肿瘤活性，但对抑制不同的肿瘤细胞可能存在一定的选择性或不同的抑制机理。     

中药多糖抗肿瘤作用的研究进展

肿瘤是危害人类健康的恶性疾病之一,化疗药物的治疗常常伤害正常细胞且伴随免疫功能下降。中药多糖具有肯定的调节机体免疫功能和抗肿瘤作用,其作用是多途径、多环节、多靶点的。近年来,中药多糖已成为抗肿瘤治疗的重要组成部分。现从中药多糖的直接作用抑杀肿瘤细胞、调节机体免疫力和增效减毒作用等方面对中药多糖抗肿瘤机制的研究进展进行综述。     

酸性多糖的结构鉴定及生物活性研究发展趋势

自然界中酸性多糖分布广泛，具有抗氧化、抗炎、免疫调节、降血糖和抗肿瘤等多种生物活性。酸性多糖的生物活性与其自身结构如分子量、单糖组成、糖残基类型等密切相关。酸性多糖属于高分子化合物，一般有较多分支，结构复杂，不易分离鉴定，给其研究和临床应用带来了很大的限制。文章主要详述近5年来酸性多糖的分离、结构鉴定及其生物活性的研究进展，为未来酸性多糖的研究与开发提供理论依据。     

高效凝胶渗透色谱法测定枸杞多糖的相对分子质量

近年来,多糖由于其具有免疫、抗肿瘤、抗病毒等多方面的生物活性与功能,已越来越受到广大的科研工作者的重视。由于多糖的药效是与其结构、纯度和相对分子质量密切相关的[1],故准确而快速地测定多糖相对分子质量及其分布是一项重要工作。高效凝胶渗透色谱(HPGPC)由于其迅速、正     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.