Treatment of intravertebral pseudarthroses by balloon kyphoplasty

OBJECTIVE: This paper presents an open prospective investigation of the efficacy of balloon kyphoplasty in the treatment of intravertebral pseudarthrosis. Several described intravertebral radiolucent lines-the so-called vacuum phenomenon-originated from degenerative diseases. Pain arose from intravertebral dynamic mobility and local kyphosis. METHODS: We reduced and stabilized 24 intravertebral pseudarthroses with the balloon kyphoplasty. Pain and disability showed a rapid and distinct decrease. Radiologic features and life quality were compared with respect to the different shapes of fractures type A1, A3.1, and A3.3. The follow up was 2 years. RESULTS: The patients with fractures type A3.3 were older than those of type A1 and A3.1. In pseudarthrosis of type A3.1 fractures, the kyphotic wedge could be reduced to 13 degrees and the height could be increased to 85% with balloon kyphoplasty. In the A3.3 group, the wedge could be reduced to 8 degrees but the height could be increased only to 75%. No restoration of deformity was achieved in fractures type A1. A long-lasting effect on pain and disability was seen only after balloon kyphoplasty of fractures type A3.1. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of intravertebral dynamic mobility with balloon kyphoplasty is useful in fractures type A3.1. In pseudarthroses type A1, the negligible reduction and only short-lasting reduction of pain stands against the costs. In pseudarthroses type A3.3, the lack of a long-lasting benefit could be the consequence of the disadvantageous shape of the vertebral body, the higher age of patients or the primary diseases.     

Ballonkyphoplastie frischer Wirbelkörperfrakturen bei alten Patienten

BACKGROUND: An increasing life expectancy is often accompanied by a possible increase of vertebral fractures. If operative therapy is necessary, open procedures might be problematic for elderly patients. In this case, balloon kyphoplasty might be an alternative. METHODS: We present our prospective data of 30 patients with an average age of 72 years (range 65-82). The patients suffered from isolated thoracic and lumbar fractures (T6-L4) without neurological deficits and were operated on with balloon kyphoplasty. They were followed up an average of 13 months after surgery. RESULTS: Before surgery, the patients' average kyphotic angle was 12 degrees . After reduction with balloon kyphoplasty, this angle was significantly improved to 7 degrees , and at follow-up it was 8 degrees . Back pain, which was determined by a visual analogous scale, showed a significant reduction from 8.2 to 2.6 points at follow-up. No significant relationship between preoperative pain and improvement of the kyphotic angle could be found. Patients with a bad fracture reposition showed significantly more pain at follow-up. However, there was no difference between the reference group and the examined patients' quality of life regarding general health. CONCLUSION: Recent fractures of the thoracic or lumbar spine in elderly patients treated by balloon kyphoplasty showed good early results.     

Balloon kyphoplasty versus vertebroplasty for treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture: a prospective, comparative, and randomized clinical study

Summary  

Bone pain and spinal axial deformity are major concerns in aged patients suffering from osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (VCF). Pain can be relieved by vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty procedures, in which the compressed vertebral body is filled with substitutes. We randomly assigned 100 patients with osteoporotic compression fracture at the thoraco-lumbar (T-L) junction into two groups: vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty; we used polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) as the bone filler. Pain before and after treatment was assessed with visual analog scale (VAS) scores and vertebral body height and kyphotic wedge angle were measured from reconstructed computed tomography images. More PMMA was used in the kyphoplasty group than in the vertebroplasty group (5.56 ± 0.62 vs. 4.91 ± 0.65 mL, p < 0.001). Vertebral body height and kyphotic wedge angle of the T-L spine were also improved (p < 0.001). VAS pain scores did not differ significantly between the treatment groups. The duration of follow-up was 6 months. Two patients in the kyphoplasty group had an adjacent segment fracture. In terms of clinical outcome there was little difference between the treatment groups. Thus, owing to the higher cost of the kyphotic balloon procedure, we recommend vertebroplasty over kyphoplasty for the treatment of osteoporotic VCFs.     

磷酸钙骨水泥球囊撑开椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折

目的：评估磷酸钙骨水泥（calciumphosphatecement,CPC）球囊撑开椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折（osteoporoticvertebralfractures,OVF）的临床疗效。方法：自2009年1月至2011年1月采用CPC球囊撑开椎体成形术治疗26例（31椎体）骨质疏松性椎体骨折患者,其中男15例,女11例;年龄60-89岁,平均（71．67±4．36）岁;病程0．5～7d,平均3．2d。采用视觉模拟评分visualanalogueSCale,VAS）和功能障碍指数（oswestrydisabilityindex,ODI）对疼痛和功能进行评定。通过X线对椎体高度的丢失和后凸畸形角度进行观察。结果：所有患者获得随访,时间10-24个月,平均18个月。术前、术后24h、末次随访时VAS评分分别为7.91±1．20、3．22±1．12、1．92±0．83,ODI评分分别为40．00±1．15、17．00±2．12、13．00±1．42,椎体高度分别为（18．21±3．21）、（23．82±3．10）、（21．85±3．24）mm,后凸畸形角度分别为（18．21±3．21）°、（7．42±3．13）°、（10．01°±3．11）°,术后24h、末次随访与术前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,术后24h与末次随访比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：CPC球囊撑开椎体成形术是治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折的有效方法,能迅速缓解疼痛,有效的恢复椎体骨折椎体高度及纠正后凸畸形角度,具有创伤小、安全性好的优点。     

椎体强化术后夹心椎体骨折的相关因素分析

目的 探讨椎体强化术后夹心椎体骨折的相关因素.方法 2006年1月至2010年10月行经皮椎体成形术或经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗且资料随访完整的患者有449例,对其中存在夹心椎现象的41例(41节)骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,男9例,女32例;年龄54 ～85岁,平均71.1岁.根据症状、体格检查及影像学资料判断夹心椎是否骨折;以夹心椎是否骨折作为二分类因变量,选取性别、年龄、身高、体质量、体质量指数、夹心椎是否位于胸腰段、累计手术椎体节段数、夹心椎两侧强化椎体骨水泥注射入路(单侧或双侧椎弓根)、手术方式、骨水泥注射量、骨水泥椎间盘渗漏及术前、术后夹心椎局部后凸角等作为自变量进行统计学分析.结果 41例患者术后获9～44个月(平均21.6个月)随访.41例(41节)夹心椎中,9例(9节)夹心椎发生骨折.手术前、后夹心椎局部后凸角骨折组非骨折组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);进一步分析结果显示仅术前夹心椎局部后凸角是夹心椎骨折的危险因素(P=0.024).结论 术前脊柱后凸畸形严重程度对椎体骨水泥强化术后邻近椎体骨折有影响,后凸畸形越严重,骨折风险越高.     

不同充填材料强化椎体在骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折中的应用

目的分别以聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥(PMMA)和注射型自固化磷酸钙人工骨(CPC)作为强化椎体的充填材料,采用椎体成形术和膨胀式椎体成形器(Sky)后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折,观察其临床疗效。方法对45例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者采用以下4种方法治疗:椎体成形术 PMMA(15例17个椎体),椎体成形术 CPC(13例16个椎体),Sky后凸成形术 PMMA(8例8个椎体),Sky后凸成形术 CPC(9例10个椎体)。根据患者术前和术后侧位X线片计算椎体高度压缩率和恢复率、椎体后凸角度和恢复率,并采用VAS(vasual analogscale)进行术前和术后疼痛评分。结果所有患者均未出现并发症。Sky后凸成形术椎体高度恢复率和后凸角度恢复率优于椎体成形术。椎体增强材料充填剂量各组间无显著性差异。椎体成形术与Sky后凸成形术手术时无显著性差异。VAS评分术前各组无显著性差异,术后充填PMMA者优于充填CPC者,术后6周两者间无显著性差异。结论用PMMA和CPC强化椎体是一种微创、安全、有效治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的方法,应根据患者的具体情况选择治疗方法和椎体充填材料。     

经皮球囊扩张后凸成形术治疗老年椎体压缩骨折的随访研究

[目的]探讨经皮球囊扩张后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的手术效果和患者术后的生活质量.[方法]采用经皮球囊扩张后凸成形术治疗老年椎体压缩骨折病例105例.测量术前、术后3d、术后3个月和随访结束时的椎体高度;术前、术后3d、术后3个月和随访结束时对患者腰痛行VAS评分,术前、术后3个月和随访结束时对患者进行ODI评分.[结果]91例患者获随访,随访时间13 ～ 50个月,平均33.2个月.患者术前椎体平均高度为(1.45 ±0.28) cm,术后3d复查X线片测量的椎体平均高度为(1.75 ±0.23) cm,术后3个月时椎体平均高度(1.75±0.23) cm,随访结束时患者椎体平均高度为(1.74±0.24) cm.术前VAS评分为(7.53±0.68),术后3d为(2.69 ±0.49),术后3个月为(1.02±0.33),随访结束时为(1.01±0.39).术前ODI评分为(77.85 ±3.53),术后3个月为(28.67 ±5.85),随访结束时为(21.33±3.47).术前、术后的椎体高度,VAS评分,ODI评分差别有统计学意义(P＜0.01).[结论]经皮球囊扩张后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折能部分恢复椎体高度,针对压缩骨折带来的腰痛有良好的治疗效果,明显改善了患者的生活质量.     

椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体爆裂骨折

骨质疏松性椎体爆裂骨折被认为是经皮椎体成形术及椎体后凸成形术的相对禁忌证。无神经症状的骨质疏松性椎体爆裂骨折在临床上较常见,其治疗方法有待探讨。目的：探讨椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体爆裂骨折的可行性、疗效及椎管重建情况。方法：回顾性分析2008年1月至2009年1月采用椎体后凸成形术治疗的无神经症状的骨质疏松性椎体爆裂骨折患者18例。术前、术后及末次随访时采用疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analog score,VAS）评估疼痛程度;Oswsetry功能障碍指数（Oswsetry disability index,ODI）评估患者日常生活功能;测量术前、术后及末次随访时骨折椎体椎管内骨块占位率,骨折椎体前缘、中缘的高度,Cobb角。结果：18例全部获得随访,随访时间为12—33个月,平均20．4个月。术后无感染、肺栓塞等并发症,仅1例患者出现椎间盘少量骨水泥渗漏但无症状。患者术后疼痛迅速缓解,VAS评分术前8．2±1．3分,术后2．8±0．8分（P〈0．05）,末次随访时维持在3．04-0．8分。ODI评分术前为67．4％±7．7％,术后降至37．8％±3．1％（P〈0．05）,末次随访时为38．9％4-2．6％。椎管内骨块占位率术前与术后无统计学差异（P〉0．05）,术前与末次随访比较有统计学差异（P〈0．05）,椎体前、中缘和Cobb角的术前与术后、术前与末次随访比较有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。结论：椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体爆裂骨折安全、有效;椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体爆裂骨折亦存在椎管重建现象。     

Balloon kyphoplasty versus percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral body compression fractures: clinical and radiological outcomes

BACKGROUND CONTEXTOsteoporotic vertebral body compression fracture are the commonest fractures amongst the other osteoporotic fracture sites. These fragility fractures are the result of low energy mechanical forces that that would not ordinarily result in fracture. Percutaneous vertebroplasty and balloon kyphoplasty has been widely used as minimally invasive procedures to treat painful vertebral compression fractures.PURPOSEAim of the present study was to evaluate radiological, clinical and functional outcome of patients with osteoporotic vertebral body fractures treated with Balloon Kyphoplasty and Vertebroplasty.STUDY DESIGNProspective cohort studyPATIENT SAMPLE40 patients (Male:15, Female: 25) with average age of 56 +/- 8 years diagnosed with osteoporotic vertebral body compression fracture on clinical and radiological evaluation with no neurological deficit and no other associated fractures were included.OUTCOME MEASURESOperative time, cost for the procedure, gain in vertebral body height, reduction in pain, ability to perform daily routine activities, risk of cement leakage and any other systemic complications were evaluated and compared in both the study groups.METHODSAll the patients underwent conventional Xray, MRI (to rule out acute from chronic fracture, to check compromise of spinal canal and calculate collapse in vertebral body height), Visual analog scaling for severity of pain and difficulty in daily routine activities by Oswestry disability index preoperatively. Post operative clinal, functional, radiological outcome and complications were compared in patients treated with percutaneous vertebroplasty and balloon kyphoplasty.RESULTThere was significant difference in intraoperative time period and procedure cost for the patients treated with Vertebroplasty(50.75min, 25k) in comparison to balloon kyphoplasty (71.95, 50k) with p value being < .001There was significant difference between preoperative and postoperative study parameters in both the study groups but there was no significant difference in post operative study parameters amongst both the study groups with p values >.05 for different parameters, 0.381(Gain in vertebral height), 0.108 (pain relief), 0.846(Oswestry disability index) and 0.197(risk of cement leakage)CONCLUSIONOur study suggested that percutaneous vertebroplasty requires less operative time and is more economical than balloon kyphoplasty. Increase in intraoperative time increases the risk of infection. Though the cases of Intraoperative operative cement leakage were more in percutaneous vertebroplasty but is was not significant. However the final radiological, clinical, functional outcome and overall complications were found to be similar in both the groups. Balloon kyphoplasty provided no added benefit over percutaneous vertebroplasty. A study with larger sample size will be needed to warrant one surgical procedure superior to other in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral body compression fracture.     

Sandwich Vertebral Fracture in the Study of Adjacent-level Fracture After Vertebral Cement Augmentation

The literature is inconclusive on the development of adjacent-level vertebral fracture after initial cement augmentation. A preliminary hypotheses is that cement injection exaggerates force transmission to the adjacent vertebral bodies, thereby predisposing those levels to future fractures. A sandwich vertebra is an intact vertebral body located between 2 previously cemented vertebrae. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the risk of adjacent-level fracture increased due to load shift after a cement injection procedure. The authors retrospectively investigated the rate of adjacent-level fracture after sandwiching compared with conservative treatment and determined the potential causative factors of sandwich vertebral fracture. Age, sex, weight, height, body mass index, follow-up period, and location of sandwich level (T10-L2 or nonT10-L2 junction) were assessed. Surgical variables, including surgical procedure (vertebroplasty or balloon kyphoplasty), surgical approach (through uni- or bilateral pedicle), volume of cement injected into the painful vertebrae, cement leakage into the intervertebral disk, cumulative number of treated levels, and pre- and postoperative kyphotic angulation of the sandwich region, were also analyzed. Nine of 42 sandwiched levels developed fatigue fractures, whereas 11 of 71 patients treated with conservative therapy sustained new vertebral fractures adjacent to the treated levels. Only preoperative kyphotic angulation was the variable positively associated with sandwich vertebral fracture at follow-up (P=.021). Although subjected to double load shifts, the sandwich vertebra was not prone to structural failure. Thus, cement augmentation protocol does not increase the incidence of adjacent vertebral fracture.     

球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折后骨坏死

目的 探讨球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折后骨坏死的效果.方法 回顾性分析2005年1月至2008年1月收治的31例骨质疏松性椎体骨折后骨坏死患者的临床资料.其中男性13例,女性18例;年龄57～84岁,平均71岁;背部疼痛病史1个月～lO年.术前行x线片、CT、MRI等影像学检查.患者均行球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗,术中取椎体内组织进行术后常规病理学检查.测量并比较术前、术后1 d及末次随访时站立位X线片伤椎前缘相对高度.采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)及Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评价手术疗效.结果 患者均获随访,随访时间18～48个月,平均27个月.术前与术后1 d伤椎前缘相对高度分别为(34.7±3.1)%和(71.4±2.3)%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);末次随访时为(70.2±2.5)%,与术后1 d相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).术前VAS及ODI评分分别为8.7±0.4和89.1±2.7,术后1 d分别为2.3±0.7和31.7±3.1,手术前后差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);末次随访时分别为1.9±0.2和29.1±2.7,与术后1 d相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).所有指标数据末次随访时与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).2例发生骨水泥渗漏,未出现临床症状.1例术后发生其他椎体骨折.结论 球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术是治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折后骨坏死的有效方法.     

Pain reduction following vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty

Purpose

To evaluate the clinical efficacy, especially the pain reduction, of vertebroplasty and balloon kyphoplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs).

Methods

Eighty-six patients with OVCFs were treated with vertebroplasty or balloon kyphoplasty. All patients were followed up for seven–36 months. Visual analog scale (VAS), vertebral height, and local kyphotic angle were evaluated at pre-operation, postoperation, and final follow-up.

Results

The VAS pain score decreased significantly after surgery in both kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty groups (p < 0.001), and the improvement of VAS score had no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.826). There was a significant difference in the improvement of vertebral height (p < 0.001) and local kyphotic angle (p < 0.001) between the two groups. Improvement of VAS score had no correlation with improvement of vertebral height (vertebroplasty: r = −0.029, p = 0.869; kyphoplasty: r = 0.175, p = 0.219) or local kyphotic angle (vertebroplasty: r = 0.159, p = 0.361; kyphoplasty: r = 0.144, p = 0.312) in either group.

Conclusion

Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are effective procedures for the reduction of pain in OVCFs, and they have the same efficient effect on pain reduction. Correction of vertebral height and local kyphosis may have minimal effect on pain reduction.     

后凸成形术结合体位复位治疗创伤性胸腰椎椎体骨折的临床观察

目的：观察在体位复位辅助下后凸成形术治疗创伤性胸腰椎椎体骨折的临床疗效。方法：37例新鲜单节段胸腰椎椎体骨折患者,男28例,女9例;年龄24～79岁,平均48岁。通过体位复位及Sky扩张器撑开复位后,经双侧椎弓根穿刺充填自固化磷酸钙人工骨（CPC）。根据Denis胸腰椎骨折的分型：压缩性骨折,B型27例,C型3例,D型5例;爆裂性骨折2例,均为B型。利用体位复位,经皮穿刺,Sky椎体成形器扩张椎体,注入可降解的自固化磷酸钙人工骨。根据术前和术后侧位X线片测量椎体高度、后凸畸形角度,并计算椎体高度丢失率和后凸畸形矫正率,记录分析视觉模拟评分（VAS）及伤椎形态变化。结果：术后随访9～24个月,平均13个月。术后伤椎处疼痛均显著缓解,VAS评分改变从术前平均（7.6±2.5）分降至术后平均（1.8±1.5）分,椎体前壁高度和中间高度明显恢复,后凸畸形得到矫正。随访期间疗效满意,伤椎高度无明显丢失。结论：在严格掌握适应证、选择合适病例的前提下,采用体位复位辅助下经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗创伤性胸腰椎椎体骨折,能迅速缓解疼痛,有效恢复椎体高度和矫正后凸畸形。     

短节段内固定并椎体成形术治疗重度椎体骨质疏松性骨折伴脊柱后凸畸形

目的 评估行后路内固定并椎体成形术治疗椎体骨质疏松性压缩性骨折的疗效.方法 2007年1月～2011年12月,对32例椎体压缩＞2/3并伴脊柱后凸畸形的老年患者行后路脊柱后凸矫正及椎体成形术.对手术前后患椎高度、脊柱后凸Cobb角、腰背部疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analog scale,VAS）评分和Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry disability index,ODI）进行评价分析.结果 全部病例平均随访13.5个月.手术前,患椎平均剩余高度为27.8 %,脊柱后凸Cobb角25.3°,腰背痛VAS评分8.06,ODI为90%;术后1周,各项指标分别为63.1%,8.5°,3.14,59.7%;手术后3个月,分别为62.7%,8.69°,1.4,31.32%.与术前相比,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论对于重度椎体骨质疏松性骨折合并脊柱后凸畸形的患者,行脊柱后凸矫正及开放椎体成形术,治疗效果良好.     

A prospective two-year follow-up of thoracic and lumbar osteolytic vertebral fractures caused by multiple myeloma treated with balloon kyphoplasty

PURPOSE: Balloon kyphoplasty is a minimally invasive procedure for the stabilization of osteoporotic and osteolytic vertebral fractures. The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate this operative procedure in the treatment of osteolytic vertebral fractures with regard to the reduction of pain and functional improvement of the patients and further to evaluate the restoration of vertebral height postoperatively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study 26 patients (21 male, 5 female) with osteolytic vertebral fractures were treated with balloon kyphoplasty. In total, 59 vertebral fractures were treated with balloon kyphoplasty. Preoperatively conventional radiographs in lateral and a. p. views, CT and/or MRI were preformed. Pre- and postoperatively the clinical parameters using VAS (visual analogue scale) and the Oswestry score were evaluated. Radiographic scans were performed pre- and postoperatively and after 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. The vertebral height and endplate angles were measured. RESULTS: The median pain scores (VAS) decreased from pre- to post-treatment significantly (p < 0.05) as also did the Oswestry score (p < 0.05). Balloon kyphoplasty led to a significant and sustained reduction of pain resulting in a significant functional improvement for the patients. A significant restoration of vertebral height and reduction of the kyphotic angle could be achieved with the balloon technique (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the minimal-invasive procedure was able to stabilize the spine also over a longer period of 24 months. A radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy could be performed without loss of time. CONCLUSION: In the treatment of osteolytic vertebral fractures balloon kyphoplasty led to a quick and sustained reduction of pain and as well as a functional improvement for the patients. A restoration of the vertebral height and reduction of the kyphotic angle was especially attributable to the balloon technique. The balloon kyphoplasty was able to stabilize the fractured vertebrae in the long-term and was able to prevent an increase of kyphotic deformity. Balloon kyphoplasty is an outstanding alternative in comparison to the established therapeutic concepts in the treatment of osteolytic vertebral fractures.     

Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures with an intravertebral cleft treated by percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty

We investigated the safety and efficacy of treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures with an intravertebral cleft by balloon kyphoplasty. Our study included 27 patients who were treated in this way. The mean follow-up was 38.2 months (24 to 54). The anterior and middle heights of the vertebral body and the kyphotic angle were measured on standing lateral radiographs before surgery, one day after surgery, and at final follow-up. Leakage of cement was determined by CT scans. A visual analogue scale and the Oswestry disability index were chosen to evaluate pain and functional activity. Statistically significant improvements were found between the pre- and post-operative assessments (p < 0.05) but not between the post-operative and final follow-up assessments (p > 0.05). Asymptomatic leakage of cement into the paravertebral vein occurred in one patient, as did leakage into the intervertebral disc in another patient. We suggest that balloon kyphoplasty is a safe and effective minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures with an intravertebral cleft.     

小剂量骨水泥经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折

目的 分析小剂量骨水泥经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression, OVCF)的临床疗效。方法 2009年12月~2013年12月, 采用小剂量骨水泥PKP治疗老年椎体压缩骨折患者46例(58个椎体),测量术前、术后X线片椎体高度变化,并采用视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale, VAS)评分及Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index, ODI)评估手术疗效。结果 所有手术均顺利完成,无椎体后缘和椎管骨水泥渗漏;所有患者疼痛感明显缓解或消失, 42例患者术后生活可自理,3例患者1~3个月逐渐恢复正常生活,1例患者生活不能自理,但疼痛症状改善。术后随访1年,椎体前缘、椎体中部高度均较术前增加,差异有统计学意义(P< 0.05);术后VAS评分及ODI均较术前改善,差异有统计学意义(P< 0.05)。结论 小剂量骨水泥PKP治疗老年OVCF能有效缓解疼痛,恢复椎体高度,且骨水泥渗漏并发症发生率低,是一种安全可靠的手术方法。     

经皮后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性骨折合并椎体内裂隙征的疗效及并发症分析

目的评价经皮后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性骨折合并椎体内裂隙征的临床疗效,同时分析相关并发症。方法 2005年8月～2009年12月,29例单椎体骨质疏松性骨折合并椎体裂隙征患者行经皮后凸成形术治疗。记录手术前后及末次随访的疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale,VAS）评分及Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry disa-bility index,ODI）,同时在侧位X线片上测量手术前后及末次随访时患椎后凸角及前高,计算椎体压缩率,分析骨水泥灌注形态及渗漏等情况。结果所有患者得到了12～52个月随访,平均33.6个月。术后平均后凸角矫正7.9°,平均椎体压缩率恢复16.6%,平均VAS及ODI分别改善5.7和39.8。5例患者发生骨水泥渗出,3例为椎间盘内渗漏;1例患者发生邻椎骨折。结论经皮后凸成形术可显著缓解骨质疏松性骨折合并椎体内裂隙征患者的疼痛,改善其功能,并能一定程度上恢复椎体高度和后凸角度。     

闭合复位及撬拨法在椎体成形术中的应用

目的 探讨闭合复位及撬拨法在椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性压缩骨折中椎体高度的恢复及后凸畸形矫正的效果.方法 2005年1月至2007年6月应用闭合复位及椎体成形术中经椎弓根用穿刺针撬拨塌陷的椎体终板治疗38例骨质疏松性压缩骨折患者,手术前后用视觉模拟评分及Oswestry功能障碍指数的变化来评价患者疼痛缓解和功能改善情况,参照Lee等方法观测病椎的高度和后凸畸形的改变以及骨水泥在椎体内的分布. 结果术后随访6～24个月,平均13.4个月.视觉模拟评分从术前平均(8.6±2.3)分降至术后平均(3.8±2.6)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Oswestry功能障碍指数指数从术前平均64.8%降至术后平均48.7%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).椎体前、中、后壁高度平均增加5.8mm、6.6mm、1.0mm,椎体后凸畸形矫正平均9.7°,椎体高度前、中、后壁恢复率平均为54.6%、58.1%、46.5%,手术前后差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05). 结论闭合复位结合椎体成形术中撬拨法是治疗骨质疏松性压缩骨折的有效方法.     

Minimally invasive treatment of osteoporotic vertebral body compression fractures.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Seven hundred thousand osteoporotic compression fractures occur yearly. Approximately 260,000 lead to severe pain, and 150,000 require hospital admissions. Associated with the fractures are increased loss of pulmonary function (90% decreased forced vital capacity per fracture level) and an increase in gastrointestinal complications (early satiety, and therefore malnutrition) and increased mortality (greater than that associated with osteoporotic hip fractures). New treatments available for these painful disorders include kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty. The injections of polymethylmethacrylate into the vertebrae (vertebroplasty technique) decrease pain and improve function. Kyphoplasty (percutaneous placement of a balloon tamp to improve height and create a void, and then the filling of this void with cement) improves function, decreases pain and helps realign the spine. PURPOSE: To compare kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty, and assess their various merits, treatment indications, and outcomes. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Literature review with presentation of early results of a national, clinical study. METHODS: Literature review for overview. Retrospective chart/patient review for clinical data presented on kyphoplasty. RESULTS: Ninety-five percent of individuals treated for painful osteoporotic compression fractures have significant improvement in symptoms and function after kyphoplasty or vertebroplasty. Kyphoplasty improves vertebral body height and kyphotic alignment by 50%, if performed within 3 months of the onset of the fracture collapse. CONCLUSIONS: Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty both have roles in the treatment of painful osteoporotic compression fractures. Only kyphoplasty helps improve height and kyphosis, which should help prevent pulmonary and gastrointestinal complications.