LSD1影响CD4~+T细胞Th1/Th2分化的机制研究

目的探讨LSD1的脱甲基酶活性对人外周血CD4+T细胞Th1/Th2分化格局的影响及其分子机制。方法 anti-CD3/28刺激活化人外周血CD4+T细胞48 h后,shLSD1和反苯环丙胺(TCP)抑制LSD1的表达,流式细胞术检测细胞内细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-4的表达情况;逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)和实时荧光定量PCR(RQ-PCR)检测不同浓度TCP对T细胞IFN-γ、IL-4、Tbet mRNA表达的影响;Western blot观察LSD1、T-bet、STAT1和pSTAT1蛋白表达情况。结果 shLSD1和TCP组细胞IFN-γ+T细胞比例[(26.13±1.89)%和(27.01±1.18)%]明显高于对照组[(14.67±0.65)%,(P0.05)],而IL-4+T细胞比例与对照组无显著变化(P0.05);RT-PCR检测显示,shLSD1和TCP组IFN-γmRNA表达明显高于对照组(P0.05),IL-4基因表达则没有改变(P0.05);转染shLSD1或TCP处理引起T-bet、pSTAT1表达明显高于对照组(P0.05),而STAT1表达无明显变化(P0.05)。结论下调LSD1表达可以促进人CD4+T细胞向Th1方向分化,对Th2方向细胞无影响。其分子机制涉及T-bet/STAT1信号通路。     

破膜剂对流式细胞术检测Th1/Th2/Th17细胞频率的影响

目的探讨不同破膜剂对流式细胞术检测Th1/Th2/Th17细胞频率的影响。方法以健康人外周血为研究对象,使用多参数流式细胞仪分析,比较3种不同破膜剂(常规改进的破膜剂、eBioscience公司破膜剂、BD公司破膜剂)对CD4~+T淋巴细胞内干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、白介素-4(IL-4)和白介素-17(IL-17)检测结果的影响。结果在相同条件下,eBioscience公司破膜剂检测到的IL-4~+CD4~+T细胞频率显著高于其它2组(P0.05);改进的破膜剂组(GJ)IL-17~+CD4~+T细胞频率明显高于其它组(P0.05);但IFN-γ~+CD4~+T细胞的频率在3组间无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论 3种破膜剂破膜后均可检测到IFN-γ~+CD4~+(Th1)、IL-4~+CD4~+(Th2)、IL-17~+CD4~+(Th17)T细胞,但不同破膜剂对不同类型Th细胞的检出频率有影响,因此操作过程中应根据不同的需求选择合适的破膜剂。     

头孢地嗪增加老年细菌性肺炎患者外周血CD4/CD8和Th1/Th2细胞比例

目的探讨头孢地嗪对老年细菌性肺炎患者外周血T淋巴细胞CD4/CD8和Th1/Th2细胞比例的影响。方法选取老年细菌性肺炎患者63例,以随机数字表分为两组;对照组31例采用头孢三嗪静脉滴注疗法,观察组32例采用头孢地嗪静脉滴注疗法治疗。分别于治疗前后抽取患者空腹静脉血,以流式细胞仪测定CD4/CD8和Th1/Th2的细胞计数比;以ELISA试剂盒测定Th1细胞分泌因子白细胞介素2(IL-2)、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)与Th2细胞分泌因子IL-4、IL-10的血清浓度。结果治疗前,两组患者的各项指标均无明显差异。治疗后,观察组患者CD4+细胞、Th1细胞比例增加,Th2细胞比例降低,CD4/CD8和Th1/Th2比值均显著高于对照组;同时,观察组患者血清IL-2、IFN-γ浓度显著高于对照组,IL-4、IL-10浓度显著低于对照组。结论头孢地嗪能够提高老年细菌性肺炎患者细胞免疫功能,纠正外周血T淋巴细胞CD4/CD8和Th1/Th2比例失调。     

慢性乙肝患者树突状细胞对Th1/Th2分化的影响

探讨慢性乙肝患者树突状细胞(dendritic cells,DC)对CD4+Th细胞亚群分化的影响。分离慢性乙肝患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC),以rhIL-4(50 ng/ml)、rhGM-CSF(10 ng/ml)和rhTNF-α(100 u/ml)诱导培养DC。以流式细胞仪检测DC表面CD1a、CD83、CD80、CD86、HLA-DR分子表达情况。MTT法检测DC刺激同种异体淋巴细胞增殖能力。免疫磁珠分离外周血CD4+T细胞亚群,PMA+Ionomycin刺激后胞内荧光染色,流式细胞仪检测辅助性T细胞(helper T cell,Th)内特征性细胞因子IFN-γ/IL-4以判断Th1/Th2分化。ELISA法检测DC或Th细胞培养上清中IL-6、IL-12、IFN-γ和IL-4的含量。结果:慢性乙肝患者的DC表达CD1a、CD83、CD80、CD86、HLA-DR分子水平明显低于正常人(P<0.01);培养至第7天,慢性乙肝患者DC分泌的IL-12水平低于正常人(P<0.01),而分泌的IL-6水平增高(P<0.05)。与正常人相比,慢性乙肝患者外周血中Th1细胞占CD4+T细胞的百分比较低(P<0.01),其Th细胞培养上清中IFN-γ的量也较低(P<0.01)。患者DC与同种异体的健康人Th细胞共培养,刺激Th1型细胞因子IFN-γ产生的能力低于正常人(P<0.01)。慢性乙肝患者体内DC功能的异常可能导致了外周血Th1细胞分化不足。     

哮喘急性发作期患儿外周血Th17水平及其功能初步研究

目的:观察哮喘急性发作期患儿外周血Th17水平和功能状态,初步探讨Th17在儿童哮喘发病中的作用.方法:以正常儿童(对照组,n=20)为对照,流式细胞术(FCM)检测哮喘急性发作期患儿(哮喘组,n=26)外周血Th17以及Th1,Th2细胞百分率,ELISA方法检测外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)体外培养上清IL-17,IFN-γ以及血浆IL-17,IL-23,IgE水平.结果:(1) 哮喘组和对照组外周血CD4+T中CD4+IL-17+T比例[(1.25±0.66)% vs (1.27±0.66)%(P>0.05)];CD4+IL-4+T比例[(2.40±2.55)% vs(2.52±1.26)%(P>0.05)];两组比较无统计学意义.哮喘组CD4+IFN-γ+T比例低于对照组[15.79±7.48 vs 24.10±12.70(P<0.05)].(2) PHA活化的PBMC体外培养72 h上清中,哮喘组IL-17水平为17.53(0～245.57)ng/L,低于对照组101.74(25.12～500.60)ng/L(P<0.01);IFN-γ水平与对照组比较无统计学意义[3507±2788 ng/L vs 3027±2737 ng/L];两组血浆中IL-17均<2 ng/L,IL-23均<15 ng/L.(3) 哮喘组血浆总IgE 499.26(2.3～945.1)IU/mL,高于对照组54.57(1.7～318.26)IU/mL(P<0.001);IgE阳性(>150 IU/mL)和阴性(<150 IU/mL)哮喘患儿体外PBMC培养上清中IL-17,IFN-γ水平比较无统计学意义.结论:哮喘急性发作期患儿外周血Th1细胞以及PHA活化的IL-17表达水平降低,Th1水平和Th17功能异常的机制及其在儿童哮喘发病中的作用值得进一步研究.     

子痫前期患者外周血树突状细胞对Th1/Th17细胞分化的影响

目的 观察正常妊娠妇女和子痫前期患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)来源的树突状细胞(DC)对Th1、Th17细胞分化的影响.方法 实验组为子痫前期疾病患者32例;对照组为正常妊娠妇女20例.分离正常妊娠组和子痫前期组PBMC,经贴壁获得单核细胞,加GM-CSF,IL-4和LPS培养诱导为成熟DC,流式细胞术检测表面分子标志CD14,CD80,CD83,CD86的表达,ELISA检测培养上清液中IL-23的含量.磁珠分选出CD4+T淋巴细胞,与正常妊娠孕妇外周血单核细胞来源的树突状细胞(N-DC)共同培养,同时添加细胞因子IL-2,或与子痫前期患者外周血单核细胞来源的树突状细胞(P-DC)、IL-2共同培养;或与N-DC共同培养,同时添加细胞因子IL-1p、IL-6;或与P-DC共同培养,并添加细胞因子IL-1β、IL-6.以上各组培养到第6天用流式细胞术检测CD4+ IFN-γ+ Th1、CD4+ IL-17+ Th17细胞比例.结果 P-DC中CD83、CD80、CD86的表达高于N-DC,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).P-DC与不同的细胞因子共同作用,促使CD4+T细胞分化为Th1、Th17细胞的能力高于N-DC,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 子痫前期患者外周血DC表型和功能的改变可能与患者免疫失衡有一定关系.     

人外周血和扁桃体中Tfh细胞与其他Th细胞亚群之间的关系

目的比较观察人外周血和扁桃体Tfh细胞的表型以及与Th1、Th17、Th22细胞亚群之间的关系。方法分离正常人PBMC及扁桃体单个核细胞,利用anti-CD3+anti-CD28或PMA+ionomycin刺激后,采用ELISA和流式细胞术(FCM)检测其细胞因子的产生,分析Tfh与Th1、Th17、Th22细胞亚群之间的关系。结果与PBMC中CD4+T细胞不同,扁桃体CD4+T细胞高表达CXCR5和CD45RO,低表达CCR7和CD62L;与PBMC中CD4+T细胞相比,扁桃体CD4+T细胞IL-21和IL-17产生水平较高,IFN-γ产生水平较低,IL-22水平无显著差异;外周血和扁桃体CD4+T细胞中均存在一定比例的IL-21+IL-17+双阳性、IL-21+IL-22+双阳性、IL-21+IFN-γ+双阳性细胞,IL-21单阳性细胞在扁桃体CD4+T细胞中所占比例明显高于外周血;外周血和扁桃体CD4+CXCR5+细胞除表达IL-21外,还表达IL-17、IL-22和IFN-γ。结论扁桃体中存在较多数量的Tfh细胞,大多数Tfh细胞是不同于Th1、Th17和Th22的细胞亚群。     

甲状腺与外周血T淋巴细胞亚群比例差异

目的观察正常甲状腺与外周血T淋巴细胞亚群,包括调节性T细胞(regulatory T cells,Treg)、辅助性T细胞1(T helper 1 cells,Th1 cells)和辅助性T细胞2(T helper 2 cells,Th2 cells)的分布,Treg细胞中干扰素-γ(interferon-γ,IFN-γ)、白介素-4(interleukin-4,IL-4)及其mRNA的表达。方法 20名良性甲状腺肿物患者、3名胸腺手术及3名脾脏切除术患者,术前当天留取外周空腹静脉血,术中分别留取甲状腺、胸腺及脾脏标本,分离单个核细胞,流式细胞术检测标本组织及外周血T淋巴细胞亚群差异。磁珠分离法分离甲状腺及外周血CD25+T细胞,RT-PCR检测Treg中IFN-γ和IL-4 mRNA的表达。NKT细胞受体激动剂α-Galcer刺激Treg 7 d后,RT-PCR检测Treg中IFN-γ、IL-4、CD1d、Vα24及Vβ11 mRNA的表达。结果 1)甲状腺组织Th1、Th2细胞比例低于外周血(P0.001),而Th0、Treg细胞比例高于外周血(P0.001)。2)在甲状腺内,几乎所有的CD4+CD25+Foxp3+细胞可以同时分泌IL-4、IFN-γ,RT-PCR提示其IL-4、IFN-γmRNA表达明显高于外周血,而在外周血中,CD4+CD25+Foxp3+细胞并不表达IL-4或IFN-γ。3)在胸腺和脾脏中,未检测到同时表达IL-4、IFN-γ的CD4+CD25+Foxp3+细胞。4)甲状腺内Treg在α-GalCer刺激前后均不表达NKT细胞的表面标志CD1d、Vα24及Vβ11 m RNA,而IL-4和IFN-γmRNA的表达在刺激前后无明显差异。结论正常甲状腺与外周血T淋巴细胞亚群分布存在差异,甲状腺内Treg特异性的同时表达IL-4及IFN-γ。     

老年抑郁症伴焦虑患者外周血中Th17细胞与细胞因子的改变

探讨老年抑郁症伴焦虑患者(≥60岁)外周血中Th17细胞发挥的作用。选取28例老年抑郁症伴焦虑患者为实验组,另选取老年健康体检者(≥60岁)28例为对照组。采用流式细胞术检测两组人群外周血中CD3~+、CD4~+ T淋巴细胞亚群及Th17细胞(CD4~+IL-17~+)的比例,ELISA检测患者血清中IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-17含量,实时定量PCR检测外周血淋巴细胞中核转录因子IL-17、RORγt表达水平。老年抑郁症伴焦虑患者外周血CD3~+、CD4~+ T淋巴细胞百分率低于对照组(P均0.01),Th17细胞表达比例为(2.05±0.47)%,明显高于对照组(0.69±0.25)%,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-17在老年抑郁症伴焦虑患者组的浓度均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均为P0.01),老年抑郁症伴焦虑患者外周血淋巴细胞中IL-17、RORγt基因表达水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均为P0.01)。Thl7细胞与老年抑郁症伴焦虑具有相关性,可能通过分泌以IL-17为主的细胞因子造成患者机体免疫功能紊乱,参与老年抑郁症伴焦虑病情发展。     

1型糖尿病患儿CD4~+T细胞亚群变化初探

目的 探讨CD4~+细胞亚群[Th1、Th2、CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~+调节性T细胞(Tr)及Th17细胞]在1型糖尿病(TIDM)患儿免疫发病机制中的作用.方法 新诊断TIDM患儿20例,同年龄对照组(Ctrl组)20例.用流式细胞术检测外周血Th1、Th2、Tr及Th17细胞比例.荧光定量PCR(real-time PCR)检测Th1、Th2、Tr、Th17细胞转录因子T-bet、GATA-3、Foxp3、ROR-γt、IFN-、IL-4、IL-10、IL-17A、CTLA-4、GITR等细胞因子和负性调节因子mRNA表达;应用酶联免疫吸附方法(ELISA)检测IFN-γ、IL-4、TGF-β、IL-6血浆水平.结果 (1)与正常对照组相比,TIDM患儿Th1细胞比例明显增高(P<0.01),Th2细胞比例明显降低(P<0.01),Tr和Th17细胞比例与正常对照组相比无明显差别(P>0.05).(2)Th1细胞转录因子及细胞因子T-bet、IFN-γ较正常对照组明显升高(P<0.01);Th2细胞转录因子及细胞因子GATA-3、IL-4明显降低(P<0.01);Tr细胞转录因子Foxp3表达与正常对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),Tr细胞相关细胞因子及负性调节因子IL-10、CTLA-4及GITR基因表达明显低于对照组(P<0.01);Th17细胞转录因子ROR-γt及细胞因子IL-17A基因表达与对照组相比无明显差异(P>0.05);(3)TIDM患儿外周血IFN-γ浓度明显增高,IL-4明显降低,TGF-β、IL-6浓度无明显改变(P>0.05).结论 TIDM患儿Th1/Th2失衡,加上Tr细胞抑制功能缺陷,可能导致TIDM严重细胞免疫功能紊乱.     

Stability of Th1 and Th2 populations

Using an in vitro model for the development of IFN-y-producIng(Th1) and IL-4-produclng (Th1) cells from CD4 T lymphocytesexpressing a transgenlc TCR, we show that IL-12 and IL-4 arethe most potent stimuli for the differentiation of naive T cellsto effector populations. When combinations of cytokines arepresent during T cell priming, the effect of IL-4 Is dominant.Furthermore, differentiated Th1 cells can be converted intoIL-4 producers by exposure to IL-4, but the Th2 phenotype Isnot reversible. The stability of Th2 populations may limit theability to regulate Th2-domlnant responses In pathologic situations.     

The Th1/Th2 paradigm

The Th1/Th2 paradigm provides a useful model for understanding the pathogenesis of several diseases, as well as for developing novel immunotherapeutic strategies. Here, Sergio Romagnani examines Th1/Th2 polarization in the context of associated pathophysiological conditions.     

Development of Neonatal Th1/Th2 Function

Newborn animals generally mount poor T cell-mediated immune responses in vivo. As a result, neonates fall prey to infectious agents and diseases which have little impact on immunocompetent adult animals. For some time, it was believed that this phenomenon was due to an intrinsic inability of newborns to mount developmentally mature Th1 responses. Recent studies in mice have challenged that view; under certain conditions, adult-level Th1 function has been achieved in newborns. More often, however, neonates develop Th2-dominant responses. A major challenge in the field of developmental immunology is to understand why the ‘default’ response for neonates is Th2 function. Cell intrinsic as well as environmental influences may contribute to Th2 skewing in neonates.     

Distribution of Th1, Th2, and Th0 and the Th1/Th2 cell ratios in human peripheral and endometrial T cells

PROBLEM: To examine whether normal pregnancy involves type 2 T-helper (Th2) immune condition or not. METHOD OF STUDY: We measured the percentage of Th0, Th1, and Th2 and the Th1/Th2 cell ratios of human peripheral blood and endometrial T cells using flow cytometry, which can analyze both the surface marker CD3, and intracellular cytokines, interleukin 4 (IL-4) and interferon gamma (IFNgamma). RESULTS: No significant differences were found in the percentages of Th1, Th2, and Th0 and the Th1/Th2 cell ratios in the peripheral blood T cells of nonpregnant women and women in early pregnancy. On the other hand, the percentage of Th1 cells was highest during the proliferative phase of the endometrium, followed by the secretory phase and early pregnancy decidua. The percentage of Th2 cells was highest in early pregnancy decidua and lowest during the proliferative phase of the endometrium. The Th1/Th2 ratio was 147.48+/-96.68 during the proliferative phase of the endometrium, 37.74+/-21.33 during the secretory phase, and 1.31+/-0.48 in the early pregnancy decidua. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that Th1 cells predominate in the nonpregnant endometrium, especially during the proliferative phase, while Th2 cells predominate in early pregnancy decidua.     

The paradigm of Th1 and Th2 cytokines

In the past few years, considerable evidence has accumulated to suggest the existence of functionally polarized responses by the CD4⁺ T helper (Th)—and the CD8⁺ T cytotoxic (Tc)—cell subsets that depend on the cytokines they produce. The Th1 and Th2 cellular immune response provide a useful model for explaining not only the different types of protection, but also the pathogenic mechanisms of several immunopathological disorders. The factors responsible for the polarization of specific immune response into a predominant Th1 or Th2 profile have been extensively investigated in mice and humans. Evidence has accumulated from animal models to suggest that Th1type lymphokines are involved in the genesis of organ-specific autoimmune diseases, such as experimental autoimmune uveitis, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Accordingly, data so far available in human diseases favor a prevalent Th1 lymphokine profile in target organs of patients with organ-specific autoimmunity. By contrast, Th2-cell predominance was found in the skin of patients with chronic graft-versus host disease, progressive systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and allergic diseases. The Th1/Th2 concept suggests that modulation of relative contribution of Th1 or Th2-type cytokines regulate the balance between protection and immunopathology, as well as the development and/or the severity of some immunologie disorders. In this review, we have discussed the paradigm of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in relation to autoimmunity and allergy.     

Development of neonatal Th1/Th2 function

Newborn animals generally mount poor T cell-mediated immune responses in vivo. As a result, neonates fall prey to infectious agents and diseases which have little impact on immunocompetent adult animals. For some time, it was believed that this phenomenon was due to an intrinsic inability of newborns to mount developmentally mature Th1 responses. Recent studies in mice have challenged that view; under certain conditions, adult-level Th1 function has been achieved in newborns. More often, however, neonates develop Th2-dominant responses. A major challenge in the field of developmental immunology is to understand why the 'default' response for neonates is Th2 function. Cell intrinsic as well as environmental influences may contribute to Th2 skewing in neonates.     

Th细胞及其分化调节

幼稚CD4^＋T细胞可分化为Th1和Th2细胞，Th1主要产生IL-2、IFN-γ、TNF，增强吞噬细胞介导的抗感染机制，促进细胞免疫，也在器官特异性自身免疫疾病中起作用；Th2细胞主要产生IL-4、IL-5、IL-10、IL-13，促进B细胞增殖、分化和产生抗体，增强B细胞介导的体液免疫应答，在变态反应和机体抗寄生虫免疫中发挥作用。Th细胞分化主要由局部环境中的细胞因子及细胞内关键转录因子调控。转录因子STAT1、STAT4、IRF1和T—bet促使Th1细胞分化；转录因子STAT6、IRF4和GATA-3促使Th2细胞分化。