螺内酯治疗血吸虫病肝纤维化的临床研究

目的　探讨螺内酯治疗血吸虫病肝纤维化的疗效。方法　2 0 0 3年7月～2 0 0 4年7月,确诊的10 0例血吸虫病肝纤维化患者,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组各5 0例,双盲法观察各组治疗前后的临床症状、体征、肝脏B超变化、肝功能及血清透明质酸(Hyaluronic Acid,HA)、型前胶原(Pro- colliagen peptide,PC )、层黏连蛋白(L aminin,L N)、型胶原(Collagen Type ,CL- )、间质金属蛋白酶(Matrix metalloproteinases,MMPS)、间质金属蛋白酶抑制因子(Tissue inhibitorof m etalloproteinase,TIMPS)的变化。结果　1血清肝纤维化6项指标:试验组治疗后好于治疗前,差异有非常显著性;对照组治疗前后差异无显著性。2肝脏B超总有效率:试验组为75 .5 % ,高于对照组的15 .0 % (P<0 .0 1)。3门静脉压:试验组治疗后较治疗前降低,差异有非常显著性;对照组治疗前后差异无显著性。结论　螺内酯治疗血吸虫病肝纤维化疗效较好。     

复方丹参片联合维生素E对慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化的影响研究

目的研究复方丹参片联合维生素E对慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化的影响。方法将焦作市人民医院2000~2003年慢性乙型肝炎患者44例,随机分为对照组22例,仅给予保肝药;治疗组22例,在对照组基础上加用复方丹参片及维生素E,疗程6个月。比较两组治疗前后ALT、AST及血清前胶原Ⅲ(PⅢP)、胶原Ⅳ(Ⅳ-C)、层连蛋白(LN)、透明质酸酶(HA)、基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)、金属蛋白酶抑制因子(TIMP)水平。并比较治疗前后肝脏病理炎症积分,分析疗程结束时两组肝纤维化变化情况。结果两组ALT、AST均较治疗前有明显好转(P<0.05)。治疗组PⅢP、Ⅳ-C、HA、TIMP1水平较治疗前显著降低(P<0.05),LN、MMP1、MMP2、TIMP2无明显的变化。对照组PⅢP、Ⅳ-C、HA、LN、MMP1、MMP2、TIMP1、TIMP2水平与治疗前相比则无显著的统计学意义。治疗组治疗后TIMP1与MMP1比值明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗组炎症、纤维化积分较治疗前有明显的下降(P<0.05),而对照组无显著性改变。治疗后治疗组各期病理逆转率及总逆转率均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论复方丹参片联合维生素E对肝纤维化的发展具有一定的阻断作用,此疗法具有价格便宜、较好疗效、无明显副反应的特点。     

强肝胶囊治疗日本血吸虫病早期肝纤维化的临床研究

目的评估强肝胶囊治疗日本血吸虫病早期肝纤维化的效果及可能的副作用。方法138例日本血吸虫病早期肝纤维化病人随机分为试验组(68例)和对照组(70例)。试验组服强肝胶囊2.0g/次,每日2次,连续6个月,加维生素类和肝泰乐。对照组服用安慰剂加维生素类和肝泰乐等一般护肝药。在治疗前、治疗后分别进行肝脏B超、肝功能、血清肝纤维化四项指标,即透明质酸(HA)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、Ⅳ型胶原(ⅣC)和层粘蛋白(LN)检查以及临床症状改善情况观察,比较试验组和对照组间结果有无差异。结果治疗前,试验组与对照组间各项指标差异均无显著意义(均为P>0.05)。治疗后的临床症状,试验组比对照组改善明显(P<0.01);试验组肝脏纤维化程度从Ⅱ级降到Ⅰ级的人数多于对照组,但差异无显著性(均为P>0.05);二组间转氨酶恢复正常的人数的比例的差异有显著意义(P<0.05);二组间肝纤维化四项指标值的差异有显著意义(均为P<0.05)。服药期间,未见严重药物不良反应。试验组一般副反应与对照组差异无显著性。结论强肝胶囊有减轻血吸虫病早期肝纤维化的作用,用药安全,可选择作为治疗血吸虫病早期肝纤维化的药物。     

扶正化瘀胶囊治疗日本血吸虫病肝纤维化的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨扶正化瘀胶囊治疗日本血吸虫病肝纤维化的疗效。方法:临床观察日本血吸虫病肝纤维化患者48例,随机分为试验组(基础护肝治疗联合扶正化瘀胶囊)和对照组(基础护肝治疗),每组24例,患者均在护肝及抗纤维化治疗前1个月给予吡喹酮驱虫治疗,治疗前后观察患者临床症状和体征的改善,肝功能、血清肝纤维化指标的复常以及影像学指标的改变。结果:治疗24周后,两组患者临床症状和体征与治疗前比较均有明显改善,尤其肝区不适症状的缓解,试验组优于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者治疗后血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBil)水平均有显著改善(P<0.05);试验组血清透明质酸(HA)﹑Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)水平在治疗12周、24周较治疗前均显著下降(P<0.05),下降幅度均显著优于对照组(P<0.05);治疗24周患者血清层粘连蛋白(LN)﹑Ⅳ型胶原(Ⅳ-C)含量与治疗前比较两组均有显著改善(P<0.05),且试验组改善优于对照组(P<0.05);治疗24周患者肝门静脉主干内径、脾脏厚度的改变,试验组明显优于治疗前(P<0.05),且与对照组比较差异具有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论:扶正化瘀胶囊治疗日本血吸虫病肝纤维化可明显改善患者临床症状和体征,促进肝脏功能恢复,有效地减轻肝脏纤维化。     

消退素RvE1对日本血吸虫病肝纤维化小鼠外周血肝纤维化指标和细胞因子的影响

目的：通过检测模型小鼠外周血肝纤维化有关指标和细胞因子水平研究消退素RvE1对小鼠日本血吸虫病肝纤维化的影响及其机制,从而探讨合理的防治策略。方法：用日本血吸虫尾蚴皮肤敷贴法感染小鼠,构建日本血吸虫病肝纤维化模型。感染5wk后,将造模组小鼠随机分为2组：模型对照组(血吸虫感染+NS.)、治疗组（血吸虫感染+RvE1）,以正常小鼠为正常对照组。感染10wk后取血标本,采用放射免疫法检测血清肝纤维化指标,包括Ⅳ型胶原（Ⅳ-C）、Ⅲ型前胶原（PCⅢ）、透明质酸（HA）及层粘连蛋白（LN）;采用ELISA 法测定RvE1对日本血吸虫病肝纤维化小鼠血清中TNF-α和IFN-γ水平的影响。结果：感染10wk后,各组小鼠未见自然死亡,各组小鼠体重无明显变化,统计学分析无差异;感染10wk后,RvE1治疗组小鼠血清肝纤维化各项指标,包括Ⅳ型胶原、Ⅲ型前胶原、透明质酸及层粘连蛋白水平,与模型对照组比较均有明显降低,有显著性差异（P<0.05）;感染10wk后,RvE1治疗组小鼠血清中促炎介质TNF-α水平较模型对照组有明显降低,有显著性差异（P<0.05）,而血清中抑炎介质IFN-γ水平较模型对照组有明显升高,有显著性差异（P<0.05）。结论：我们认为给予外源性RvE1可以通过抗炎及促进肝脏炎症消退,发挥抗日本血吸虫病肝纤维化的作用。     

布洛芬抗兔血吸虫病肝纤维化的实验研究

目的:观察布洛芬抗兔血吸虫病肝纤维化时对兔肝组织Ⅰ型胶原(Collagen Ⅰ)、Ⅲ型胶原(Collagen Ⅲ)、基质金属蛋白酶-1(MMP-1)、金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子-1(TIMP-1)mRAN表达的影响。方法:建立兔血吸虫病肝纤维化模型。应用布洛芬治疗8周后处死全部实验兔,取其肝组织作冰冻切片,应用原位杂交技术检测CollagenⅠ、CollagenⅢ、MMP-1、TIMP-1 mRNA,并用计算机彩色病理图像分析系统进行图像分析。结果:布洛芬组与模型对照组相比,CollagenⅠ、CollagenⅢ、TlMP-1 mRNA表达减少,MMP-1 mRNA表达增加(P<0.05)。结论:布洛芬能抑制兔血吸虫病肝纤维化肝组织CollagenⅠ、CollagenⅢ、TIMP-1 mRNA表达,增加MMP-1 mRNA表达,促进胶原降解,减少胶原沉积。     

化肝汤1号治疗女性肝纤维化临床研究

目的探讨化肝汤1号治疗女性脂肪肝患者肝纤维化的临床效果。方法通过B超确诊为脂肪肝,透明质酸(HA)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PVⅢ)、Ⅳ型胶原(C-Ⅳ)、层粘蛋白(LN)异常的40例女性肝纤维化患者,随机抽取其中20例患者为治疗组,采用化肝汤1号治疗;另20例为对照组,采用常规保肝治疗。结果治疗后治疗组HA、PVⅢ、C-Ⅳ、LN均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);雌激素水平治疗前后有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论化肝汤1号可改善女性肝纤维化患者HA、LN、PVⅢ、C-Ⅳ水平,促进雌激素水平升高,具有治疗和逆转肝纤维化的作用。     

秋水仙碱对肝纤维化大鼠肝脏基质金属蛋白酶-1及其抑制因子-1表达的影响

目的 观察秋水仙碱对纤维化肝脏基质金属蛋白酶-1(MMP-1)、基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子-1(TIMP-1)表达的影响,从胶原降解的角度探讨秋水仙碱对肝纤维化有无逆转作用及可能存在的机制.方法 制备免疫性大鼠肝纤维化模型,并给予秋水仙碱治疗;通过RT-PCR检测MMP-1、TIMP-1的表达,并作Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原的免疫组化以及Masson胶原染色.结果 发现秋水仙碱对肝纤维化大鼠MMP-1的表达无明显影响(P>0.05),但可以抑制TIMP-1的表达(P<0.05),促进Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原的降解(P<0.05);然而在病理形态学的观察中,未发现秋水仙碱治疗组与肝纤维化模型组之间存在的显著性差异(P>0.05).结论 秋水仙碱可以抑制纤维化肝脏TIMP-1的表达,从而增强间质胶原酶的活性,促进Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原的降解,产生抗肝纤维化的作用,但其作用有限.     

肝炎平对大鼠肝纤维化血清学指标的影响

目的:探讨肝炎平对肝纤维化大鼠血清中肝纤维化指标的影响.方法:制备大鼠肝纤维化模型.动物随机分为正常对照组(N组)、肝炎平治疗组(G组)、和络舒肝胶囊治疗组(H)及肝纤维化模型组(M组).采用放射免疫法对大鼠血清肝纤维化指标透明质酸(HA)、Ⅳ型胶原(C-Ⅳ)、板层素(LN)及Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)进行检测,并观察大鼠肝脏组织学变化.结果:肝炎平组及和络舒肝组能明显降低肝纤维化大鼠的HA、C-Ⅳ、LN及PCⅢ水平,与模型组比较,差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05),两组大鼠肝脏组织病理学变化亦有明显改善.结论:肝炎平具有抗大鼠肝纤维化的作用.     

阿德福韦酯联合复方鳖甲软肝片对慢性乙型肝炎患者血清肝纤维化指标的影响

目的评价阿德福韦酯联合复方鳖甲软肝片治疗慢性乙型肝炎抗纤维化的疗效。方法 120例慢性乙型肝炎患者采用阿德福韦酯联合复方鳖甲软肝片治疗作为治疗组,对照组120例仅行常规治疗,检测治疗前后血清Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、透明质酸(HA)、层黏连蛋白(LN)和Ⅳ型胶原(ⅣC)的含量变化。结果疗程结束后两组患者的血清PCⅢ、HA、LN和ⅣC较治疗前明显下降(P<0.001),治疗组降幅明显大于对照组(P<0.001),血清中HBV-DNA阴转者的降幅大于未阴转者(P<0.001)。结论阿德福韦酯联合复方鳖甲软肝片治疗可降低慢性乙型肝炎患者肝纤维化程度。其抗纤维化作用与抗病毒作用有关。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.