功能性鼻旁窦内窥镜手术分期处理的探讨

目的：探讨减少功能性鼻旁窦内窥镜手术（ＦＥＳＳ）中的出血、解剖标志不清、视野模糊等现象，使手术更为安全、彻底的方法。方法：对２７例慢性鼻旁窦炎患者在手术中采用“二步法”（即将鼻腔、鼻旁窦的病变分二期处理），并与同期采用常规方法（即一次处理鼻腔、鼻旁窦病变）治疗的２６例慢性鼻旁窦炎患者相比较。结果：“二步法”组在内窥镜下处理鼻旁窦病变时出血减少，平均出血量为１５３．７ｍｌ，平均手术时间为１４８．９ｍ     

功能性内窥镜鼻窦术后应用氨溴索冲洗鼻腔的疗效观察

目前,慢性鼻窦炎大都采用功能性鼻内窥镜手术治疗。术后鼻腔粘膜结构和功能的恢复是手术成功与否的关键。但术后鼻腔粘膜向正常形态转化约需3个月时间,在此期间,术腔炎性增生、水肿,若处理不及时,尤其是术腔的清理、冲洗不及时,均易造成手术失败。本文对2005年3月—2007年4月192例慢性鼻窦炎行功能性内窥镜鼻窦术（functional endoscopic sinus surgery,FESS）治疗的患者,分别给予氨溴索和生理盐水两种不同的冲洗液冲洗术腔,随访3个月,对比其治疗效果,以期探讨氨溴索冲洗液对FESS疗效的影响。现报告如下。     

内窥镜下鼻内泪囊鼻腔造孔术治疗慢性泪囊炎的疗效观察

目的 :研究鼻内窥镜下鼻内泪囊鼻腔造孔术治疗慢性泪囊炎的疗效。方法 :慢性泪囊炎 36例、38眼在鼻内窥镜明视下行鼻内泪囊鼻腔造孔术治疗。结果 :手术成功 35例 ,其中 2例行二次手术后成功 ,手术成功率为 97.2 % ,3例经鼻外切口泪囊鼻腔造孔术后复发者均一次手术成功。手术失败 1例 (2 .8% )。结论 :鼻内窥镜下鼻内泪囊鼻腔造孔术是治疗慢性泪囊炎的有效方法 ,经鼻外泪囊鼻腔造孔术失败者亦适用此法     

功能性鼻腔内窥镜手术护理

慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉和鼻中隔偏曲是耳鼻咽喉科常见疾病,疾病的保守治疗的效果不理想和病变复发已成为颇为棘手的问题,一直为鼻科医务人员关注。功能性鼻窦内窥镜手术(FESS)是近年来开展的一项新技术,具有创伤小、出血少、良好保存鼻腔生理     

鼻内窥镜手术的中鼻甲处理

鼻内窥镜手术中鼻甲处理一直存在争议,如何妥善的处理中鼻甲与术后疗效密切相关,现就30例鼻内窥镜手术对中鼻甲的处理进行探讨。1 资料与方法 鼻内窥镜手术30例,男21例,女9例。年龄18～76岁,平均年龄38岁。均为双侧慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉患者。在鼻内窥镜下行鼻息肉摘除,鼻道窦口复合体或筛窦手术后,1侧切除部分中鼻甲,1侧保留中鼻甲。统计术后住院鼻腔清理时间。术后2～5个月后复查鼻腔粘连情况和手术前后的嗅觉变化(检查粘连的方法,采用耳鼻咽喉科常规检查及内窥镜检查,嗅觉检查为直接嗅气味的主观测定法)。2 结果2.1 术后住院鼻腔清理时间:中鼻甲部分切除侧8～11d,平均9.2d;中鼻甲保留侧为7～9d,平均为7.9d。前者明显     

内窥镜鼻窦手术出血的相关因素分析

目的探讨功能性内窥镜鼻窦手术(FESS)出血的相关因素及预防措施。方法将553例FESS患者分成两组,甲组(n=288)用1%丁卡因20ml加1∶1000肾上腺素2ml及乙组(n=265)用1%丁卡因20ml加1∶1000肾上腺素4ml浸湿的棉片进行表面麻醉及收缩血管,比较应用吸切刀与否及不同分组的出血量,分析减少FESS术中出血的方法。结果甲组术中出血量为(128.7±10.35)ml,其中使用吸切刀156例为(117.78±11.25)ml,未使用吸切刀132例为(141.61±9.22)ml。乙组术中出血量为(93.98±7.72)ml,其中使用吸切刀142例为(86.94±8.24)ml,未使用吸切刀113例为(111.14±7.42)ml。两组术中出血量比较差异有显著性,同组使用与未使用吸切刀出血量差异有显著性。结论为减少FESS术中出血,应熟悉鼻窦解剖学,减少擦拭镜面次数,应用吸切刀,使用双极电凝对活动性出血点烧灼止血,使用适宜用量的肾上腺素与利多卡因配比收缩血管。     

浅谈慢性泪囊炎手术治疗分析

目的 本文对慢性泪囊炎的手术治疗,分别施以两种手术方式:即传统鼻外切口及鼻内窥镜手术,进行对比,分析.临床资料:选择慢性泪囊炎20例,分别干10例采用不同两种术式治疗.结果 两种手术方法疗效无明显差异.讨论鼻外切口及鼻内窥镜下手术治疗慢性泪囊炎,后者手术对患者创伤小,手术更简便,并能同时处理鼻腔内引起鼻泪管阻塞的病变,保持术后远期效果.     

经鼻内窥镜鼻中隔矫正术与传统鼻中隔矫正术的临床比较分析

目的比较经鼻内窥镜与传统鼻中隔矫正术的优缺点。方法经鼻内窥镜鼻中隔矫正术和传统鼻中隔矫正术临床回顾对比分析。结果手术时间：鼻内窥镜组平均40min,传统组平均50min;术中出血量：鼻内窥镜组平均25ml,传统组平均35ml;术中疼痛：鼻内窥镜组24％,传统组30％;后住及高位复杂偏曲矫正满意度：鼻内窥镜组86％,传统组53％;黏骨膜完整性：鼻内窥镜组88％,传统组65％。结论两组总体手术效果均满意,在处理复杂偏曲及伴行其它鼻腔、鼻窦手术时经鼻内窥镜手术组明显优于传统组,但在手术技术、设备要求上也明显高于传统组。     

鼻内窥镜鼻窦手术围术期处理对术中出血影响的观察

目的:在鼻内窥镜中进行鼻窦手术,探讨减少患者术中出血的方法。方法:对49例患者进行鼻内窥镜手术,对其进行相应围手术期处理;对49例患者进行类似手术,但不经过相应处理,对两组进行比较分析。结果:对在围手术期进行护理的患者,手术的有效率为91.2%;未进行护理的患者手术有效率为80%;对两组患者进行对比分析,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);对在围手术期进行处理的患者,患者的出血量为50.26 ml;未进行处理的患者的出血量为80.56 ml;对这两组患者的出血量进行对比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在患者进行手术之前,对其使用药物来控制病情,可以减少患者在手术时的出血量。影响患者出血的因素主要有:患者在手术中使用的鼻腔收缩剂;控制低血压药物;患者出血的高危因素及患者在手术中的损伤等。     

经鼻内窥镜鼻中隔三线减张法矫正术与传统鼻中隔矫正术的临床疗效分析

目的 比较鼻中隔三线减张法与传统鼻中隔矫正术的优缺点.方法 对经鼻内窥镜鼻中隔三线减张法矫正术和传统鼻中隔矫正术治疗患者的临床资料进行回顾性对比分析.结果 鼻内窥镜组平均手术时间为43 min,传统组平均55 min;鼻内窥镜组术中平均出血量为25 ml,传统组平均37 ml;鼻内窥镜组术中疼痛占23%,传统组占32%;鼻内窥镜组后位及高位复杂偏曲矫正满意度为88%,传统组为53%;鼻内窥镜组黏骨膜完整占92%,传统组占70%.结论 两组总体手术效果均满意,在处理复杂偏曲及伴行其它鼻腔、鼻窦手术时经鼻内窥镜手术组明显优于传统组,但在手术技术、设备要求上也明显高于传统组.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.