超声在TIPS术后随访中的应用

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声在经颈静脉肝内门-体静脉分流术(TIPS)术后随访中的应用价值。方法 40例TIPS患者分别于术后1周内、1、3、6个月分别行超声检查,比较患者术后1周内与术前门静脉高压指标变化,并通过超声检查肝、脾变化以及支架内血流情况,包括正常、狭窄和闭塞。结果术后1周内,患者门静脉压力指标较术前明显降低(P<0.05),术后肝脏分流叶缩小,左叶代偿增大,脾脏缩小,随访期间超声共检查出6例(次)支架内狭窄,均复通成功,2例支架闭塞,复通失败后重新置入支架。结论彩色多普勒超声不仅能检查TIPS术后患者肝、脾变化情况,还能较好地观察支架内血流情况,尽早发现支架内狭窄或闭塞,为临床治疗提供参考。     

TIPS术后肝性脑病的原因分析与护理对策

目的 探讨TIPS术后肝性脑病的早期症状观察方法和重要性.方法 分析TIPS术后肝性脑病的诱发因素,对肝硬化TIPS术后患者实施预见性护理并进行了整体评估.结果 33 例出现了肝性脑病症状,经及时处理病情得到控制或改善.结论 对TIPS术后肝性脑病早期症状观察及预见性护理,对该疾病的预防、治疗有重要作用.     

肝硬化门脉高压TIPS术后并发症的观察与护理

肝硬化发展到中晚期常常出现许多严重并发症,包括上消化道大出血、脾功能亢进症、肝肾综合征、顽固性腹水等,其中食管、胃底曲张静脉破裂出血是最危重的并发症.临床常用的治疗方法有：内科药物、内镜下套扎、外科手术止血等,但其疗效均不令人满意[1].目前国内外介入放射学者采用经颈静脉肝内门体分流术（transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt,TIPS）治疗晚期肝硬化患者,即在肝静脉和肝内门脉之间建立一个分流通道,使部分门脉血流直接进入体循环,从而达到降低门脉压力的目的[1].     

PTA术后再狭窄：机理及预防

自从1964年Dotter和Judkins首次施行经皮穿刺血管成形术20多年来,经皮穿刺血管球囊扩张成形术(PTA)广泛应用于临床。但未能解决再狭窄或早期血管阻塞问题,它发生率约为25—35%。急性阻塞的机制已较清楚,再狭窄的机理尚在研究之中。PTA术后动脉管壁改变当球囊扩张血管壁时,在外力作用下,内皮细胞脱屑,斑块碎裂,弹力纤维伸直;     

系统性健康教育在肝硬化TIPS术患者中的应用

经颈静脉肝内门体分流术（TIPS）是通过经皮穿刺右侧颈内静脉入路,在肝实质内建立肝静脉与门静脉分支之间的通路,并放置金属支架建立起门体分流通道,并保持为永久通道,用分流部分血流降低门静脉压力,同时栓塞胃冠状静脉,阻断导致消化道大出血的食管胃底曲张的静脉,达到止血的目的。TIPS术是目前临床上开展的一项新业务新技术,因此,对患者实施有针对性的健康教育,可以帮助患者了解TIPS术的特点、治疗目的及基本情况,提高患者对治疗的依从性,防止或减少术后并发症,提高治疗效果非常重要。     

TIPS术后分流道失效影响因素的多因素回归分析

目的 分析肝硬化患者行经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS)术后分流道失效的影响因素.方法 搜集2008年3月至2014年12月在本院行TIPS术(采用Fluency覆膜支架)的肝硬化患者,术后3年内发生分流道失效的30例为病例组,术后3年未发生分流道失效的30例为对照组(通过门静脉彩色多普勒超声检查及门静脉造影确定分流道是否失效),对两组病例资料进行回顾性对照研究.先对肝功能Child-Pugh评分、支架形态、术后抗凝药物使用情况等20项术前、术中及术后相关因素进行单因素分析,再将单因素分析中具有统计学差异的相关因素进行Logistic多因素回归分析.结果 对20项相关因素进行单因素分析后发现两组患者在否合并门静脉血栓(癌栓)、支架形态及术中是否行曲张静脉栓塞等3项之间的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),再将上述3项相关因素进行Logistic多因素回归分析,显示支架放置后的支架形态及术中是否进行曲张静脉栓塞与TIPS术后分流道失效有关(P＜0.05).结论 支架形态不良(包括扭曲折角、支架两端盖帽)为TIPS术后分流道失效的独立危险因素(OR值为4.244),而术中曲张静脉栓塞是TIPS术后分流道失效的保护因素(OR值为0.131).     

TIPS术后集束化延续性护理管理方案的构建

【摘要】 目的 构建科学、可靠的经颈动脉门体分流术（TIPS）术后集束化延续性护理管理方案。方法 通过文献研究及分析,应用德尔菲专家咨询法明确TIPS术后患者实施集束化延续性护理管理方案的具体干预内容。结果 建立了包含 8 个维度共32个条目的TIPS术后集束化延续性护理管理方案;两轮德尔菲咨询专家积极系数均大于0.8,专家权威系数为0.84,专家协调系数为0.566～0.613。第 2 轮专家函询后各维度的重要性赋值为4.08～4.91分,变异系数为0.06～0.10,各条目的重要性赋值为4.08～4.91分、变异系数为0.06～0.11。结论 通过德尔菲专家咨询法确立的TIPS术后集束化延续性护理管理方案具有科学性、适用性,可有效减少TIPS术后并发症的发生率,为进一步完善延续性护理质量的标准化构建提供依据和参考。     

覆膜支架防治TIPS分流道再狭窄的研究进展

覆膜支架已被越来越多地应用于经颈内静脉肝内门腔静脉分流术(TIPS)分流道再狭窄的防治中,取得了较大进展,Viatorr支架已被证明可以更好地改善分流道通畅率。本文就各种TIPS覆膜支架的结构、性质、应用及疗效等作一综述,相信随着覆膜支架的不断改善,TIPS在治疗门脉高压疾病领域中将重新盛行。     

生长因子与血管成形术后再狭窄

血管成形术后再狭窄近十多年来一直是医学界研究的热点和难点。冠状动脉球囊成形术后的再狭窄率达32%～57%。周围血管,尤其是腘下动脉再狭窄的发生率高达40%～60%。尽管应用血管内支架治疗,也不能摆脱再狭窄的发生。实际上,多数内支架的成功治疗可能源于其优良的即时后扩张效应,而不是消除再狭窄或再闭塞的发生。目前认为再狭窄发生的可能机制主要为损伤后新内膜的过度增生及动脉的再塑型两方面。随着研究的不断深入,生长因子在再狭窄中的作用近十多年来已逐渐被认识和了解。生长因子如血小板衍化生长因子(PDGF),碱性成纤维细胞生长因子     

问题式教学查房在TIPS术护理教学中的应用

护理教学查房是临床护理教学工作中不可缺少的部分,是提高护生理论知识和发现、分析及解决问题的一种重要形式,教学查房的形式可直接影响护理查房的效果。而以问题为基础的查房是一种以学生为中心的小组讨论式教学方法,强调学生从问题着手去探索知识,并运用知识分析和解决问     

经颈静脉肝内门腔分流术后肝功能随访及危险因素分析

目的观察经颈静脉肝内门腔分流术（TIPS）后患者肝功能的变化情况,以及TIPS术后肝损伤的危险因素分析。 方法收集2017年4月至2019年8月南方医科大学南方医院收治的肝硬化合并门静脉高压患者198例,均成功实施TIPS,随访术后1、3、6、12、18和24个月的终末期肝病模型（MELD）评分以及Child-Pugh评分。采用非条件Logistic回归模型筛选出术后重度肝损伤的独立危险因素,绘制ROC曲线图形,计算AUC以判断各危险因素的预测效能。 结果MELD评分从术后1个月开始显著升高（13.8 ± 3.9 vs 11.0 ± 3.4;P < 0.001）,之后逐渐降低至术后1年又缓慢回升,但始终明显高于术前基线水平。Child-Pugh评分从术后6个月开始逐渐降低,在术后1年降至最低值（6.6 ± 1.3 vs 6.9 ± 1.4;P = 0.027）,之后逐渐回升至术前基线水平。原发性肝癌、术前MELD评分以及术前Child-Pugh评分是TIPS术后1年重度肝损伤的独立危险因素（OR = 4.452,P = 0.012;OR = 1.320,P = 0.001;OR = 1.509,P = 0.033）,术前MELD评分和Child-Pugh评分的cut-off值分别为13.5、7.5。 结论TIPS因机械性损伤和肝内门腔分流,导致术后肝功能不同程度受损。原发性肝癌、术前MELD评分以及术前Child-Pugh评分是TIPS术后1年重度肝损伤的独立危险因素。     

Emergency transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for uncontrolled variceal bleeding.

This study was designed to retrospectively evaluate transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) performed on an emergency basis in patients with hemorrhagic shock from recurrent uncontrolled variceal bleeding. Over a 3.5-year period we reviewed the medical records as well as the imaging studies of 16 patients who had uncontrolled variceal bleeding and presented to our department for an emergent placement of TIPS. In our study the technical success was 88% (14/16 patients), the overall mortality was 36% (5/14 patients), and the shunt immediately reduced the portal venous pressure gradient by a mean of 64%. Given the poor outcome of other alternatives, aggressive treatment and placement of TIPS is justified regardless of the severity of the bleeding episode.     

Efficacy of Doppler ultrasonography for assessment of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt patency

Purpose To assess the efficacy of Doppler ultrasonography (US) as a noninvasive method for monitoring patency of the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). Methods Twenty-nine patients who had received TIPS for bleeding esophagogastric varices and/or refractory ascites with portal hypertension underwent Doppler US studies within 2 weeks after TIPS. Further studies were performed in 15 of them at 6 months, in 9 at 1 year, and in 4 at 2 years for a total of 57 US studies. The US findings were compared with the angiographic findings obtained at the same time. Results In 45 of the 57 studies, shunt patency was found by Doppler US, correlating to 44 patencies and one occlusion on angiography. Doppler signal in the shunt could not be detected in 12 studies resulting in the diagnosis of shunt occlusion. This correlated with angiographic occlusion in 8 studies and patency in the remaining 4. All angiographically patent shunts that were occluded by Doppler US had various degrees of stenosis. A number of technical factors were found to be responsible for Doppler US false-positive or false-negative diagnoses, some related to the type of stent used. The Doppler US sensitivity was therefore 92%, the specificity 89%. Conclusion Doppler US is a reliable noninvasive method to evaluate patency of TIPS.     

TIPS术后脑默认网络的静息态功能磁共振成像研究

目的：运用静息态功能磁共振成像（rs—fMRI）研究经颈静脉肝内门体分流术（TIPS）对肝硬化患者脑默认网络（DMN）的影响。方法：10例拟行TIPS治疗的肝硬化患者（患者组）和10例正常对照者（对照组）纳入本研究。10例正常对照者及10例患者术前、术后（平均8天）均行rs-fMRI。利用独立成分分析方法分离得到各受试者的默认网络脑区,采用单样本t检验对患者术前和对照组进行组内分析,观察各自的DMN空间分布模式;分别对患者TIPS术前与正常对照组、患者TIPS术后与术前的DMN功能连接进行组间比较,观察静息状态下脑默认网络的改变情况。结果：TIPS术前肝硬化患者和正常对照组均显示出典型的静息态脑默认网络空间分布模式。与正常对照组相比,TIPS术前肝硬化患者默认网络脑区功能连接既有降低也有增高,降低脑区包括左侧额中回背外侧、双侧顶下小叶及颞叶;增高的脑区主要位于双侧后扣带回、楔前叶及内侧前额叶。与TIPS术前相比,患者术后出现双侧楔前叶及角回功能连接增强,而后扣带回及内侧前额叶功能连接度减低。结论：静息状态下,TIPS术后早期肝硬化患者脑默认网络功能连接即出现改变,既有功能连接减低也有增强,提示TIPS对肝硬化患者脑默认网络既有功能损伤又有代偿机制。     

TIPSS治疗肝硬化门脉高压并消化道出血的随访研究

目的　总结我院随访实施TIPSS治疗的 6 5例病例的疗效及经验。方法　 6 5例肝硬化和Budd Chiari综合征患者 ,行TIPSS治疗。术前、后测量门脉压力。术后通过超声、食管钡餐随访检查 ,发现分流道狭窄者再次行介入治疗。随访时间为 3个月～ 6年 (平均 18个月 )。结果　术后 3个月、6个月、1年、2年和 3～ 6年再发消化道出血的病例数分别为 :0、2、10、5和 0例。出血的原因为分流道内血栓形成及肉芽组织增生所致狭窄 ,经溶栓、球囊扩张或内支架置入后使多数分流道再通。再通未成功的2例均因导丝不能通过分流道而行内科治疗。死亡 7例 ,其中 2例死于大出血 ,1例死于其他原因 ,4例因患肝癌死亡。其他患者一般情况良好 ,能进普食或半流食 ,能参加轻度体力劳动 ,肝功能基本正常 ,脾亢症状缓解 ,白细胞和血小板计数基本维持在正常范围。结论　尽管早、中期分流道再狭窄发生率较高(占 34 % ) ,但大部分病例可通过溶栓、球囊扩张或内支架置入获得再通 ,有相当数量的病例 ,能保持中长期的有效分流。在急性消化道大出血时 ,TIPSS仍是一种很有价值的实用技术。     

Portal venous branch targeting with a platinum-tipped wire to facilitate transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedures

We describe a technique to aid in technically difficult transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedures by sonographically guided transabdominal fine-needle portal vein puncture for placement of a 0.018-inch platinum-tipped target guidewire within an appropriate portal venous branch.     

Self-expanding stents in transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: experience with nitinol Strecker stents

The aim of our study was to evaluate the performance and efficacy of a new self-expanding stent (nitinol Strecker stent) in the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure. We have successfully placed 64 nitinol Strecker stents in 48 patients. The average portosystemic gradient decreased from 22 to 11 mm Hg. Balloon dilatation was necessary in 12 of 35 angiographically controlled cases at 5 days (34%), because of incomplete stent expansion, small thrombi within the stent or obstruction. At 1–6 months stent malfunctions occurred in 8 of 23 patients who underwent control angiography (34%) and at 6–24 months in 6 of 7 patients (85%). Rebleeding occurred in 2 of 39 patients (follow-up > 1 month) (5%) and temporary crises of de novo encephalopathy were observed in 11 of 48 patients (23%). Refractory ascites completely resolved in 4 of 6 patients (66%) and improved in the remaining 2 cases. Compared with other self-expanding stents, nitinol Strecker stents seem to be equally effective in TIPS; no increase in complication rate was observed, either clinical or stent-related. Correspondence to: P. Rossi     

Percutaneous hydrodynamic thrombectomy of acute thrombosis in transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS): A feasibility study in five patients

Purpose To evaluate the feasibility of percutaneous hydrodynamic thrombectomy in restoring patency of acutely thrombosed stent-shunts after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). Methods Percutaneous hydrodynamic thrombectomy was performed in five consecutive patients with angiographically documented complete thrombosis of the stent-shunt which developed within 2 weeks after the TIPS procedure. Thrombectomy was performed with a hydrolytic suction thrombectomy catheter, introduced via a transjugular approach. Results In all patients, immediate restoration of patency of the stent-shunt was achieved after deploying additional stent(s) to cover residual adherent mural thrombus. In two patients early reocclusion occurred. Conclusion Percutaneous hydrolytic suction thrombectomy in acutely thrombosed intrahepatic portosystemic shunts is technically feasible.     

Radiation dose reduction during transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt implantation using a new imaging technology

ObjectiveTo compare patient radiation dose in patients undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) implantation before and after an imaging-processing technology upgrade.MethodsIn our retrospective single-center-study, cumulative air kerma (AK), cumulative dose area product (DAP), total fluoroscopy time and contrast agent were collected from an age- and BMI-matched collective of 108 patients undergoing TIPS implantation. 54 procedures were performed before and 54 after the technology upgrade. Mean values were calculated and compared using two-tailed t-tests. Two blinded, independent readers assessed DSA image quality using a four-rank likert scale and the Wilcoxcon test.ResultsThe new technology demonstrated a significant reduction of 57% of mean DAP (402.8 vs. 173.3 Gycm², p < 0.001) and a significant reduction of 58% of mean AK (1.7 vs. 0.7 Gy, p < 0.001) compared to the precursor technology. Time of fluoroscopy (26.4 vs. 27.8 min, p = 0.45) and amount of contrast agent (109.4 vs. 114.9 ml, p = 0.62) did not differ significantly between the two groups. The DSA image quality of the new technology was not inferior (2.66 vs. 2.77, p = 0.56).ConclusionsIn our study the new imaging technology halved radiation dose in patients undergoing TIPS maintaining sufficient image quality without a significant increase in radiation time or contrast consumption.     

经颈静脉肝内门体分流术在肝癌伴门脉癌栓中的临床应用

目的:回顾分析并探讨经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS)在原发性肝癌伴门静脉癌栓(PVTT)治疗中的应用价值.方法:回顾分析原发性肝癌伴门静脉癌栓,并接受TIPS手术治疗的患者的病例资料,了解术后主要症状改善情况,并发症及生存期等随访资料.结果:接受TIPS手术的肝癌伴PVTT患者共13例,其中成功进行手术患者10例.3例上消化道出血患者成功止血,7例腹水患者中的5例腹水减少,手术成功患者的平均生存期为(112.1±41.7)天,而未获成功的平均生存期仅(34.3±25.5)天,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:TIPS应用于肝癌伴门脉癌栓的治疗可行,可改善生存质量、延长生存期,具有一定的临床应用价值.