鞍结节脑膜瘤的诊断（附42例分析）

目的 探讨如何运用显微神经外科技术治疗鞍结节脑膜瘤。方法 42例鞍结节脑膜瘤中36例行显微神经外科手术，其中在1例采用单侧额下入路，17例采用单侧翼点入路，6例采用眶上翼点联合入路，2例早期病例因术前误诊为垂体瘤采用经鼻蝶入路，结果 按Simpson分级：I级22例，Ⅱ级为10例，共占89%；术后视力改善的有14例27眼，无改变的为9例16眼，视力下降的有13例23眼，术前视力完全丧失的术后视力均未恢复，无死亡病例。结论 术前正确诊断，选择合适的手术入路和应用显微神经外科技术是取得良好疗效的关键。     

翼点硬脑膜外入路切除前床突脑膜瘤

目的探讨前床突区手术临床应用解剖,提高前床突区肿瘤的治疗效果。方法回顾性总结了1998年至2004年采用翼点硬脑膜外入路手术治疗的前床突脑膜瘤12例,其中男4例,女8例,年龄36～58岁,平均42.2岁,视力减退者10例,头痛者11例。手术一般采用经眶上翼点联合入路,但对肿瘤累及海绵窦者采用经额颞眶颧联合入路。磨除前床突。硬脑膜外阻断肿瘤基底部血供。硬脑膜下切除肿瘤。结果前床突脑膜瘤共12例,全切除8例,次全切除3例,部分切除1例。全组无手术死亡。术前视力明显减退的10例患者,术后6例明显好转,2例改善,1例无变化,1例较术前恶化,其中术后视力无改变和视力恶化的2例均为术前有明显视神经萎缩者。结论前床突脑膜瘤采用翼点硬脑膜外入路手术,磨除前床突,有利于肿瘤基底部的血供阻断和前床突下肿瘤与颈内动脉的分离。眶上翼点联合入路可明显减少对脑组织的牵拉,有利于大型肿瘤上极的显露和切除。     

翼点入路显微手术切除鞍结节脑膜瘤

目的探讨翼点入路显微外科手术切除鞍结节脑膜瘤的手术技巧和术中注意事项。方法回顾性分析自2001年4月至2006年10月我院采用翼点入路显微手术切除43例鞍结节脑膜瘤的临床资料，并对手术技巧加以总结。结果SimpsonⅠ级切除5例，Ⅱ级切除31例，Ⅲ级切除7例。术后视力改善者24例，视力无变化者6例，视力恶化者2例；术后视野缺损恢复者21例；出现一过性尿崩者6例；出现高热、电解质紊乱者2例；死亡1例。结论应用翼点入路显微手术切除鞍结节脑膜瘤，疗效满意。熟悉鞍区的局部解剖和术中对肿瘤周围重要结构的保护是手术成功的关键。     

鞍结节脑膜瘤的显微外科治疗

目的 探讨显微外科手术切除鞍结节脑膜瘤的方法及疗效.方法 回顾性分析15例鞍结节脑膜瘤的显微外科手术.结果 所有病例均通过显微外科手术切除,选择单侧额下入路8例,翼点及改良翼点入路5例,经眶上锁孔入路2例.肿瘤全切除(Simpson Ⅰ、Ⅱ级)11例,近全切除(Simpson Ⅲ级)4例.手术后视力改善7例,无改变3例,视力下降加重2例,1例术前双眼完全失明的术后无恢复,死亡1例.结论 全面的解剖知识及熟练的显微外科手术操作技巧是肿瘤全切及良好疗效的关键.     

鞍区脑膜瘤不同手术入路疗效的对比分析

目的探讨不同入路手术治疗鞍区脑膜瘤的效果。方法 2013年1月至2015年12月收治鞍区脑膜瘤120例,采用翼点入路手术治疗68例(翼点组),采用眶上外侧入路手术治疗52例(眶上外侧组)。结果鞍上型脑膜瘤垂体受损、视力降低、视神经或视交叉受压、视野受损的发生率均明显高于鞍旁型脑膜瘤(P0.05)。翼点组手术时间、切口长度、术后住院时间均明显高于眶上外侧组(P0.05)。翼点组术后并发症总发生率(45.6%)与眶上外侧组(32.6%)无明显差异(P%0.05)。结论鞍上型脑膜瘤对视野、视力、垂体的影响程度高于鞍旁型,易压迫视神经;眶上外侧入路与翼点入路比,能减少手术时间,减少手术创伤。     

巨大垂体腺瘤显微手术中视神经显微解剖及功能保护技术的探讨

目的探讨显微手术切除大型、巨大型垂体瘤视神经保护的操作技术及经验。方法对40例巨大垂体瘤患者采用翼点入路,显微镜下先行瘤内切除,待瘤内空虚再分离视神经。对14例巨大垂体瘤患者采用经鼻蝶入路,采用计算机辅助导航切开鞍底、进入鞍内,取瘤器切除瘤体减压。结果翼点入路全切除肿瘤22例,次全切除肿瘤18例,鼻蝶入路,全切除2例,次全切除6例,部分切除6例,视神经解剖全部保留。视力:翼点入路好转34例,无改善4例,恶化2例。鼻蝶入路好转12例,无改善2例。结论大型、巨大型垂体瘤不同手术入路的选择,利用视神经显微解剖的知识,及视神经保护的操作技术,可减少视神经损害,减少致残率。     

鞍结节脑膜瘤的显微外科策略与手术技巧

目的探讨显微外科治疗鞍结节脑膜瘤的策略和手术技巧。方法回顾性分析31例鞍结节脑膜瘤的临床表现、影像学资料和显微外科治疗结果。其中行单侧额下入路5例,翼点入路9例,改良翼点入路11例,双额冠状开颅经纵裂入路6例。结果Simpson Ⅰ级切除4例,Ⅱ级切除23例,Ⅲ级切除4例。术后视力改善24例,无变化4例,视力下降3例。死亡1例。结论根据肿瘤不同的生长形态选择恰当的手术入路和计划,应用显微外科技术操作,能够显著提高肿瘤的全切率和降低并发症。     

鞍结节脑膜瘤的显微手术治疗

目的 探讨鞍结节脑膜瘤的显微手术治疗方法及其效果。方法 回顾性分析2007年1月至2013年7月显微手术治疗的45例鞍结节脑膜瘤患者的临床治疗,采用单侧额下入路22例,纵裂入路5例,翼点或扩大翼点入路15例,翼点及额下联合入路3例。结果 肿瘤全切除程度:Simpson分级Ⅰ级23例,Ⅱ级14例,Ⅲ级5例,Ⅳ级3例;肿瘤全切除率达82.2%。术前合并不同程度视力障碍的37例患者中,术后视力较术前好转27例,无明显变化6例,恶化4例;视力改善率73.0%。结论 鞍结节脑膜瘤周围毗邻重要结构,显微手术是其的主要治疗方法;手术时应根据肿瘤大小、生长方式、视力受损程度及术者习惯等选择不同的入路;熟悉的显微解剖知识、娴熟的显微外科技巧是手术成功的关键。     

鞍结节脑膜瘤显微外科手术入路选择与临床分析

目的探讨不同部位和大小的鞍结节脑膜瘤显微手术入路和手术结果。方法回顾分析安徽省立医院神经外科自2002年01月至2011年07月鞍结节脑膜瘤49例,采用5种不同的手术入路,采用显微外科技术手术切除。分析全切除率、手术效果和并发症发生的情况。结果经单侧额下入路18例,经冠状开颅额下入路15例,冠状开颅前纵裂入路7例,眶上锁孔入路5例,翼点或改良翼点入路4例。肿瘤切除程度按Simpson分级评估,达SimpsonII级切除者40例,III级切除者9例,肿瘤全切除率(Simpson II级)为81.6%。本组1例死亡病例,死亡原因考虑术前患者即肿瘤卒中昏迷,术后致多脏器衰竭。术前38例合并视力减退及视野缺损,术后视力较术前明显改善20例,无明显变化17例,视力加重1例。结论显微手术是治疗鞍结节脑膜瘤的主要手段,手术入路选择应根据:①肿瘤的生长方式,肿瘤的大小。②术前视力视野受累程度。③术者习惯。④手术路径最短,对脑组织损伤最小。手术疗效取决于:术前视力受累程度,病程的长短,术中对神经、血管和脑组织的保护,肿瘤全切除率等。     

改良翼点入路手术减压治疗视神经损伤

目的 探讨颅脑损伤合并视神经损伤手术入路及减压的范围。方法 改良翼点入路开颅手术治疗22例颅损伤合并视神经损伤患者，术中磨除骨性视神经管周径1／2，切开视神经鞘膜、总腱环及镰状韧带，视神经充分减压。视力恢复评价标准：黑矇、光感、眼前手动、眼前数指和能见标字视力表符号5个级别，术后视力提高2个级别以上者为有效。结果 术后3～6月随访，有效率为81．8％。结论 改良翼点入路手术减压治疗视神经损伤效果良好，术后视力恢复与伤后手术时间、手术方法及减压范围有关，亦与其原发损伤程度密切相关。     

Detection and treatment of optic nerve sheath meningioma

Optic nerve sheath meningioma is an uncommon tumor of middle age. Patients most often present with progressive visual loss, mild proptosis, and, occasionally, ocular motility defect. With modern neuroimaging, these tumors are relatively easy to diagnose. However, the computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging scan obtained must be a high-resolution study focused on the optic nerve. Clinical observation may be appropriate for patients with relatively preserved vision. However, when vision deteriorates, fractionated steretotactic radiotherapy is indicated and can often restore or preserve visual function.     

视神经管开放减压在前颅底病变处理中的应用

目的 探讨视神经管开放减压在前颅底病变中的应用.方法 神经减压的手术入路除鞍结节脑膜瘤的4例采用额颞硬膜下入路外,其他均采用经颅额下外侧硬膜外入路.视神经管减压的应用病例包括外伤后急性视神经损伤7例,其中6例外伤后视力完全丧失,1例仅留光感;骨纤维异常增殖症8例;视神经及其周围组织肿瘤(围视神经肿瘤)包括颅眶海绵窦沟通...     

New concepts in the diagnosis and management of optic nerve sheath meningioma.

Optic nerve sheath meningiomas are by far the most common tumors of the optic nerve sheath. The diagnosis can be suspected in most cases from clinical findings and supported by the results of neuroimaging, obviating tissue biopsy in the majority of cases. Observation may be appropriate in patients with mild or no visual deficit or in whom visual loss is not progressing, whereas stereotactic fractionated radiation therapy has been demonstrated to improve or stabilize vision in progressive or advanced cases. Attempts at surgical excision, and even biopsy, of optic nerve sheath meningiomas are associated with a high risk of blindness and should be reserved for the rare case of an anteriorly located, primarily exophytic tumor with focal involvement of the dural sheath.     

Visual impairment complicated with meningioma]

Among 106 patients of meningioma surgically experienced the past 10 years between 1981 and 1990, twelve of meningioma with progressive visual impairment were analyzed in relation to postoperative visual outcome. There were four males and eight females, and the age ranged from 33 to 61 years with the average 48 years. The distribution of tumor location was 6 cases in tuberculum sellae, 3 cases in the inner side of sphenoid ridge, and 3 cases in olfactory groove. The size of tumor in each case was 2 to 7 cm in diameter, and in 8 cases more than 3 cm. The duration of visual disturbance was between 3 months and 10 years with the average 3 years. For all cases, surgical removal of the tumor was performed totally by pterional and bifrontal approach. Consequently, 58.3% of 7 cases had improved vision postoperatively, 16.7% of 2 cases remained unchanged, and 25.0% of 3 cases were worse, including one case of malignant meningioma, Visual outcome was mainly affected by a duration of symptoms, a tumor size, a preoperative visual impairment, and in special, a situation of optic nerve where compression of tumor itself and adherence to the surrounding tissues took place. On operation, great care should be paid for a case of long-standing, severe visual disturbance as demonstrating hemianopsia with visual narrowing less than 50 degree by perimetry, and also for preservation of the feeding arteries of optic nerves.     

眼眶肿瘤(附80例临床分析)

目的探讨眼眶肿瘤的临床特征和治疗. 方法回顾性分析80例经手术治疗的眼眶肿瘤的临床资料和治疗结果,结合文献资料进行分析.结果视神经起源的眼眶肿瘤视力障碍严重,而海绵状血管瘤、神经纤维瘤等非视神经起源的肿瘤视力障碍相对轻微.原发性视神经鞘脑膜瘤术后视力预后差.15例脑膜瘤获得平均为39.2月的随访,4例复发.结论眼眶肿瘤的治疗方式取决于肿瘤的类型,对于原发性视神经鞘脑膜瘤和视神经胶质瘤,还取决于患眼的视力和肿瘤的生长状况.经颅眶入路能较好地暴露大多数眶内和眶尖肿瘤.     

A primary optic nerve sheath chordoid meningioma

Primary optic nerve sheath meningiomas (ONM) are rare. Most of these are World Health Organization Grade I meningiomas. Because of the intimate relationship to the optic nerve sheath from which they arise, radical excision is often not feasible. The chordoid variant of meningioma is an infrequent tumor and extremely uncommon among primary ONMs. We report a 36-year-old woman with painless proptosis and normal visual acuity who presented to us with an exophytic intraconal mass, which was excised. Histology revealed a chordoid meningioma. We could find only two previous reports, which are discussed.     

神经内镜经筛蝶窦入路视神经管减压术治疗创伤性视神经病变的临床疗效

目的探讨神经内镜经筛蝶窦入路行视神经管减压术治疗创伤性视神经病变(TON)的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2013年12月至2018年2月上海交通大学附属第一人民医院神经外科连续收治的29例(32侧)TON患者的临床资料。术前视力:无光感15侧,光感14侧,指动3侧。所有患者均采用术中神经导航辅助神经内镜经筛蝶窦入路行视神经管减压术治疗。术前均行高分辨率头颅CT扫描,观察手术相关结构的解剖特点,术后观察患者的视力变化以及手术并发症情况。结果29例患者术后随访(5.2±1.1)个月(3~6个月)。术后视力:无光感10侧,光感4侧,指动4侧,指数5侧,最小分辨角的对数(logMAR)视力表≥0.02的9侧,手术有效率为59.4%(19/32)。无一例患者发生颈内动脉损伤、脑脊液鼻漏、嗅觉丧失等手术相关并发症。结论神经内镜经筛蝶窦入路视神经管减压术是治疗TON的有效手段,该手术入路解剖特点清晰,术中神经导航辅助有利于提高手术的安全性,减少手术相关并发症。     

Microsurgical management of tuberculum sellae meningiomas by the frontolateral approach: surgical technique and visual outcome

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate visual outcome in patients with tuberculum sellae meningioma (TSM) treated microsurgically using the frontolateral or fronto-orbital approach and optic canal unroofing to resect tumor involvement of the optic canal.

Methods

Data from 67 patients with TSMs who underwent microsurgical treatment by a frontolateral approach (n = 44) or fronto-orbital approach (n = 23) between January 2002 and December 2008 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Change in visual function was evaluated as the main outcome.

Results

Total tumor resection was achieved in 62 of 67 cases (92.4%). Postoperative, visual acuity was improved in 87 eyes (64.9%) and unchanged in 39 eyes (29.1%), and the optic nerve was therefore preserved in 126 of 134 eyes (94.0%). Visual field deficits were improved or stable in 65 eyes, no patient experienced worsening of vision in both eyes. There was no mortality in our series.

Conclusions

The frontolateral approach with microsurgical dissection of the Sylvian fissure provides quick access to TSMs, which can be resected safely and totally. Visual function is improved and neurological and ophthalmological morbidity is minimal. Optic nerve decompression by intradural clinoidectomy and optic canal unroofing is likely to increase the rate of reducing or eliminating preoperative visual symptoms.     

经眉弓眶上锁孔入路切除鞍区病变

目的探讨经眉弓眶上锁孔入路治疗鞍区病变的显微手术技术。方法采用经眉弓皮肤切口,做2.0cm×2.5cm包分眶板在内的额下骨窗;应用显微手术技术处理鞍区病变20例。结果20例鞍区病变采用经眉弓眶上锁孔入路愈,包括垂体瘤9例,颅咽管瘤4例,后交通动脉瘤1例,鞍膈脑膜瘤1例,鞍结节脑膜瘤1例,嗅沟脑膜瘤1例,脊神经损伤2例,1例出现一过性尿崩症,3例出现电解质紊乱,所有20例均经随访,到目前为止,无一例复发。结上锁孔入路可明显减少手术创伤,同时能提供鞍区足够的手术空间,并能有效地处理病变。