巯基与铜、汞、铅和三价砷反应初步研究

为了查明活性巯基与常见毒性元素结合能力,为临床应用巯基化合物进行解毒提供依据,在实验室中应用直接结合方法研究了巯基与Ｃｕ＾２＋,Ｈｇ＾２＋、Ｐｂ＾２＋和砷化物的反应,发现光氨酸巯基３μｇ与（１～５）μｇＣｕ＾２＋,Ｈｇ＾２＋成线性反应,相关系数分别大于０．９９０（Ｐ〈０．００１）,半胱氨酸或二巯基丙醇巯基与Ｐｂ＾２＋,Ａｓ２Ｏ３,ＮａＡｓＯ２无明显结合。作认为半胱氨酸有可能用作铜或汞中毒的解毒剂     

G—CSF配合大剂量CTX和VCR动员自体外周血干细胞的研究

本研究对１２例拟行ＡＰＢＳＣＴ的患者予ＶＣＲ１－２ｍｇ／ｍ２，体表面静注及ＣＴＸ７ｇ／＾２体表面积静滴，５－７天后予Ｇ－ＣＳＦ１００μｇ／ｍ＾２体表面积静注５－７天，白细胞升至３．０×１０＾９／Ｌ以上时，用ＣＳ３０００血细胞分离机单次收集单个核细胞ＭＮＣ〉２．８×１０＾８／ｋｇ，ＣＤ＾＋３４〉．６×１０＾６／ｋｇ，ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ〉３．９×１－０＾４／ｋｇ，ＡＰＢＳＣＴ后，全部患者于＋５天－＋１０天白     

HClO3,NaCl和H2SO4在温和酸消化砷铈催化反应测定尿碘的影响

研究了在温和酸消化法砷－铈催化反应体系中ＨＣｌＯ３、ＮａＣＩ和Ｈ２ＳＯ４的作用和影响。采用尿碘测定标准方法［５］对ＨＣｌＯ３、ＮａＣｌ和Ｈ２ＳＯ４在不同浓度下进行对比实验，结果表明ＨＣｌＯ３、ＮａＣｌ对砷—铈反应均具有催化作用，Ｈ２ＳＯ４能增大Ｃｅ４＋的吸光度，当溶液中Ｈ２ＳＯ４的浓度增大到０．４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ及以上时，对于１×１０－３ｍｏｌ／ＬＣｅ４＋，其光密度趋于恒定。Ｈ２ＳＯ４加快ＨＣｌＯ３与Ａｓ２Ｏ３－ＮａＣｌ试液的氧化还原反应速度，当Ｈ２ＳＯ４的浓度增大到０．８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ时，该反应明显发生，当Ｈ２ＳＯ４的浓度增大到１．０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ及以上时，该反应剧烈发生，并伴有大量Ｃｌ２和ＣｌＯ２逸出。指出在温和酸消化法测定尿碘的反应体系中，ＮａＣｌ的浓度以２０ｇ／Ｌ，Ｈ２ＳＯ４的浓度以０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ为适宜。     

二氨基萘分光光度法测定盐硒

目的　建立适合于硒碘（Ｎａ２ＳｅＯ３－ＫＩＯ３）盐中硒的常规监测的分光光度法。方法　研究Ｓｅ４＋ 与二氨基萘反应的吸收光谱特性,干扰物质的干扰情况,对测定波长、试剂用量、反应时间、测定范围等进行了优化选择。结果　方法最低检出限为０．０２μｇ,摩尔吸光系数ε３６５ 为１．８×１０４,对不同硒含量的盐样中硒的测定,批内变异小于６．２％ ,批间变异小于９．７％ ,准确度范围为９７．９％～１０５．６％ ,该方法与其它法测定结果无显著性差异（ Ｐ＞ ０．２ ）。结论　该方法具有简便、经济、灵敏、准确等优点,适合于硒碘（Ｎａ２ＳｅＯ３－ＫＩＯ３）盐中硒的常规监测工作。     

不同浓度的硒对氟所致大鼠肾脏损害的影响

目的　寻找硒拮抗氟毒作用的最佳作用浓度及氟中毒的敏感且无损伤监测指标。方法　研究饮水中加入不同浓度的Ｎａ２ＳｅＯ３（０,０．５,２．０,４．０ｍ ｇ／Ｌ）对同时加入的ＮａＦ（１５０ｍ ｇ／Ｌ）所致ＳＤ大鼠肾脏损害的影响,实验期７０ 天。结果　氟组大鼠血清ＬＰＯ 含量及７０ 天时肾组织ＬＰＯ含量显著升高,同时尿液中γ－ＧＴ、ＮＡＧ、ＡＫＰ在３５、５０ 和７０ 天时较对照组显著升高。饮水中２．０ｍ ｇ／Ｌ Ｎａ２ＳｅＯ３ 对ＮａＦ所致尿酶以及血清和肾组织ＬＰＯ 含量升高具有明显拮抗作用,４．０ｍ ｇ／ＬＮａ２ＳｅＯ３ 本身表现出一定的毒性作用。此外发现饮水中０．５ 和２．０ｍ ｇ／Ｌ Ｎａ２ＳｅＯ３ 可使大鼠８ 小时尿氟排泄量在７０ 天时显著上升（ Ｐ＜ ０．０５ 和Ｐ ＜ ０．０１）。结论　对于饮水中１５０ｍ ｇ／Ｌ ＮａＦ所致肾脏损害,２．０ｍ ｇ／Ｌ Ｎａ２ＳｅＯ３ 为最佳拮抗浓度。     

芪黄冲剂对慢性乙型肝炎患者免疫功能的影响

目的：观察芪黄冲剂对慢性乙型病毒性肝炎免疫功能的影响。方法：治疗组以芪黄冲剂治疗,对照组以乙肝清热解毒冲剂合乙肝养阴活血冲剂治疗。两组患者采用间接免疫荧光法检测,治疗前后免疫球蛋白ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ、ＩｇＡ、Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群ＣＤ３＾＋、ＣＤ４＾＋、ＣＤ８＾＋、ＣＤ４＾＋／ＣＤ８＾＋、ＩＬ－２、ＩＬ－６、ＴＮＦ、ＮＫ。结果：芪黄冲剂具有益气活血,滋养肝肾兼以清热解毒作用,能升高ＣＤ４＾＋、ＮＫ细胞,提高ＣＤ４＾＋／ＣＤ８＾＋比值及ＩＬ－２水平,降低ＣＥ８＾＋,尤其对ＣＤ４＾＋、ＣＤ４＾＋／ＣＤ８＾＋、ＮＫ细胞以及ＩＬ０２的调整作用优于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５￣０．０１）,能显著降低ＩＬ－６及ＴＮＦ水平（Ｐ〈０．０５￣０．０１）。同时还能降低ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ、ＩｇＳ,其中对ＩｇＡ的降低作用显著优于对照组。结论：芪黄冲剂不仅具有     

应用特异性单克隆抗体测定脑囊虫病患者血清及脑脊液中循…

应用特异单克隆抗体作ＤＯＴ－ＥＬＩＳ和竞争ＥＬＩＳＡ检测６５例脑囊虫病患者血清和脑脊液中前淳离循环Ａｇ（ＦＣＡｇ）和循环免疫复合物抗原（ＣＩＣＡｇ）。血清ＦＣＡｇ阳性率分别为８１．３％和８１．５％，ＣＩＣＡｇ阳性率为９５．４％和９２．３％（０．１９－１２０．０ｇ／ｍｌ）脑脊液测定ＦＣＡｇ阳性率为７８．５％和８６．２％，ＣＩＣＡｇ阳率率为９０．８％和９３．８％。结果表明检测总循环抗的有利于提高脑囊虫     

血清中无机氟测定标准方法的研究

目的 建立一个适于我国国情的血清氟分析标准方法。方法 氟离子选择电极法。结果 本方法的检测下限为０．０１２μｇ／ｍｌ。对氟含量为０．０５９、０．０９０μｇ／ｍｌ和０．２０３μｇ／ｍｌ的血清样品测定８次,相对标准偏差分别为３．３９％、１．８４％、０．９９％。对上述样品加标的回收率为９６．７％、１０１．２％、９９．８％;测定含氟１．０３μｇ／ｍｌ的牛血清游离氟成分标准物质相对偏差为４．１６％和１．０５     

地氟病病区空气中氟化物标准测定方法的研究

标准测定方法参照采用了国际标准ＩＳＯ ＤＰ１０５２９气态及颗粒态氟化物的质量浓度测定法，并对该法进行了系统的条件试验。由试验结果表明：气态氟化物的采样效率达９５％以上，若采样流量为１５Ｌ／ｍｉｎ，当采集３０ｍｉｎ或４ｈ时，可测浓度范围分别为０．８～２００μｇ／ｍ＾３和０．１～２５μｇ／ｍ＾３。当ＨＦ气体浓度为１．８和７．６μｇ／ｍ＾３时，测定的相对标准偏差分别为９％和１％。方法的平均回收率为９７～     

血小板活化因子拮抗剂ONO－6240对抗原引起气道嗜酸性粒细胞浸润的影响

为探讨血小板活化因子选择性拮抗剂ＯＮＯ－６２４０治疗哮喘患者的临床应用价值，应用鸡卵清蛋白致敏和刺激小鼠复制过敏性哮喘模型，研究ＯＮＯ－６２４０对抗原引起气道嗜酸性粒细胞（ＥＯＳ）浸润的影响。结果表明，正常小鼠支气管肺泡冲洗液中未见到ＥＯＳ；致敏小鼠给予抗原反复吸入刺激后，支气管肺泡冲洗液（ＢＡＬＦ）中ＥＯＳ急剧增多（９．６８×１０￣８／Ｌ±０．７２×１０￣８／Ｌ）。在（ＯＮＯ－６２４０治疗各组中，ＯＮＯ－６２４０的剂量０．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ、１．０ｍｇ／ｋ及１０．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ分别导致ＥＯＳ数下降４２．１％（５．６０×１０￣８／Ｌ±０．９７×１０￣８／Ｌ，Ｐ＜０．０１）、５８．８％（３．９９×１０￣８／Ｌ±０．８４×１０￣８／Ｌ，Ｐ＜０．０１）及７２．６％（２．６５×１０￣８／Ｌ±０．７１×１０￣８／Ｌ，Ｐ＜０．０１）。还发现ＯＮＯ－６２４０抑制ＥＯＳ对气道的浸润伴随着白细胞介素（ＩＬ－５和ＩＬ－２）水平的明显降低。这些结果提示，ＯＮＯ－６２４０通过抑制ＩＬ－５和ＩＬ－２的产生，从而抑制了ＥＯＳ在气道的聚集；认为ＯＮＯ－６２４０用于哮喘患者的临床治疗理应取得较好的疗效。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.