生物样品中碘的分析

生物样品中碘的分析朱广伟郑宝山碘是人体必需的微量元素，过多过少地摄入都将引起甲状腺功能紊乱［１７］，世界各国都对碘的适宜摄入量做出了明确规定。碘又是核反应堆的主要放射性废物之一，它在原子能工业的环境影响研究中占有重要地位［１８］，因此，生物样品中碘的...     

松萝酸抗病原生物的活性及药物作用研究进展

松萝酸是地衣植物的有效成分之一,具有抗菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤及抗原虫等方面的生物学活性。本文概述了松萝酸在抗病原生物方面的活性、机制及其毒性作用;评价了松萝酸在抗病原生物感染方面的现状及开发前景。     

系列新化合物对幽门螺旋杆菌的抗菌活性研究

目的对合成的抗幽门螺旋杆菌新化合物进行体外抗菌活性分析,希望能寻找出在体外,尤其是对耐克拉霉素的幽门螺旋杆菌菌株也具有较好抗菌活性的新化合物,对治疗慢性胃炎及消化性溃疡药物的开发提供参考。方法采用琼脂二倍稀释法,加入特制选择性培养基,用多点接种仪(Denley A400)将细菌接种于含不同药物浓度的琼脂平皿表面。接种后将培养皿置于37℃微需氧环境培养2 3 d观察结果,以无菌生长的平皿培养基中所含药物最低浓度为药物对该菌的最低抑菌浓度(minimum Inhibitry Concentration,MIC)。并用SPSS统计软件对药物间抗菌活性的差异进行统计学分析。结果共测试30个样品及3个对照药物对10株临床分离幽门螺旋杆菌致病株及HP标准菌株ATCC11637的体外抗菌活性,其中H-2-24、H-2-67、DH-004的MIC90分别为8、8、8μg/ml,较其他样品的MIC90小2 5倍,显示出这3个样品对大部分的受试菌株都有较强的体外抗菌活性。结论发现受试样品H-2 67对临床分离幽门螺旋杆菌的体外抗菌作用优于对照药物克拉霉素。     

高效液相色谱法同时检测生物样品中利多卡因和MEGX

目的建立生物样品中同时测定利多卡因及其代谢产物单乙基甘氨酰二甲苯胺(MEGX)的高效液相色谱分析方法。方法待测生物样品血液或组织脏器中加入内标物普鲁卡因,酸化,碱化后,用乙醚提取两次,挥干,定容,用保留时间定性,内标法、工作曲线法进行定量。结果心血和肝脏中利多卡因液相色谱检测的回归方程分别为Y=0.217X+0.019和Y=0.214X+0.113,相关系数分别为0.996和0.988,线性检测范围均为(0.2～100)μg/mL(μg/g)、最低检出浓度分别为0.05μg/mL;心血和肝脏中MEGX液相色谱检测的回归方程分别为Y=0.514X+0.033和Y=0.440X+0.292,相关系数分别为0.995和0.993,线性检测范围均为(0.2～20)μg/mL、最低检出浓度分别为0.05μg/mL。心血利多卡因及MEGX含量分别为(14.50±1.64)μg/mL和(1.64±0.22)μg/mL,肝脏利多卡因及MEGX含量分别为(14.90±1.19)μg/mg和(2.53±0.36)μg/mg。结论建立了生物样品中同时测定利多卡因及MEGX的HPLC分析方法,所建方法简便、灵敏、重现性好,可用于利多卡因中毒的快速诊断和利多卡因麻醉意外的法医学鉴定。     

动脉血流对深低温保存同种瓣膜活性的影响

目的 研究动脉血流在同种心脏瓣膜制备保存中对瓣膜的保护作用及可能机制.方法 12只健康成年中国白兔作为受体,1个月～1.5个月龄的中国白兔36只作为供体,取其带瓣主动脉,随机分为A组、B组、C组.A组作为对照组梯度降温后深低温液氮保存;B组、C组作为实验组均移植于受体的两侧颈动脉,于术后48 h、72 h分别取出,梯度降温后深低温液氮保存.1个月后,观察瓣膜组织的结构变化并检测其细胞活率.结果 光镜观察3组室面层皱缩程度相近,但B组、C组纤维质层皱缩程度均小于A组;B组、C组细胞活率均高于A组(P＜0.05),但B组与C组细胞活率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 动脉血流可减小同种瓣室面层与纤维质层之间的舒缩程度差异,减小瓣膜保存过程中的细胞损伤.     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸的抗菌活性及对细菌生物被膜的抑制作用

N-乙酰半胱氨酸(N-acetylcysteine,NAC)是临床常用化痰药.除此之外,NAC还有一定的抗菌活性,可以抑制细菌的黏附,减少细胞外多糖蛋白复合物的产生,破坏已生成的生物被膜,对被膜下细菌也有一定的杀菌作用,并与某些抗菌药物存在协同作用,引起国内外学者越来越多的关注.研究结果提示临床上可以将NAC与抗生素联合应用治疗某些感染性疾病尤其是慢性呼吸道感染,不过尚需进一步大样本临床研究来证明.     

滇西地区25种药用植物抗疟活性研究

目的研究25种采自滇西地区药用植物的抗疟活性,为植物来源的新型抗疟药的研发天然产物奠定基础。方法依次用75%乙醇和水对25种药用植物进行回流提取,提取物经冷冻干燥后,采用β-羟高铁血红素形成抑制试验进行筛选,以IC50值评价其活性。结果在供试的25种药用植物中,苦参、滇白珠、马尾黄连等12种植物粗提物具有不同程度的β-羟高铁血红素形成抑制活性,其中苦参地上部分水提物和滇白珠提取物活性较好,IC50值分别为(1344.2±46.9)μg/ml和大于1 388.9μg/ml。具有抗疟活性的植物种类涉及10个科、12个属。结论苦参、滇白珠、马尾黄连等12种植物具有一定的抗疟活性,表明抗疟活性物质可能存在于多种植物中。     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸的抗菌活性及对细菌生物被膜的抑制作用

N-乙酰半胱氨酸(N-acetylcysteine,NAC)是临床常用化痰药.除此之外,NAC还有一定的抗菌活性,可以抑制细菌的黏附,减少细胞外多糖蛋白复合物的产生,破坏已生成的生物被膜,对被膜下细菌也有一定的杀菌作用,并与某些抗菌药物存在协同作用,引起国内外学者越来越多的关注.研究结果提示临床上可以将NAC与抗生素联合应用治疗某些感染性疾病尤其是慢性呼吸道感染,不过尚需进一步大样本临床研究来证明.     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸的抗菌活性及对细菌生物被膜的抑制作用

N-乙酰半胱氨酸(N-acetylcysteine,NAC)是临床常用化痰药.除此之外,NAC还有一定的抗菌活性,可以抑制细菌的黏附,减少细胞外多糖蛋白复合物的产生,破坏已生成的生物被膜,对被膜下细菌也有一定的杀菌作用,并与某些抗菌药物存在协同作用,引起国内外学者越来越多的关注.研究结果提示临床上可以将NAC与抗生素联合应用治疗某些感染性疾病尤其是慢性呼吸道感染,不过尚需进一步大样本临床研究来证明.     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸的抗菌活性及对细菌生物被膜的抑制作用

N-乙酰半胱氨酸(N-acetylcysteine,NAC)是临床常用化痰药.除此之外,NAC还有一定的抗菌活性,可以抑制细菌的黏附,减少细胞外多糖蛋白复合物的产生,破坏已生成的生物被膜,对被膜下细菌也有一定的杀菌作用,并与某些抗菌药物存在协同作用,引起国内外学者越来越多的关注.研究结果提示临床上可以将NAC与抗生素联合应用治疗某些感染性疾病尤其是慢性呼吸道感染,不过尚需进一步大样本临床研究来证明.     

巯基与铜、汞、铅和三价砷反应初步研究

为了查明活性巯基与常见毒性元素结合能力,为临床应用巯基化合物进行解毒提供依据,在实验室中应用直接结合方法研究了巯基与Ｃｕ＾２＋,Ｈｇ＾２＋、Ｐｂ＾２＋和砷化物的反应,发现光氨酸巯基３μｇ与（１～５）μｇＣｕ＾２＋,Ｈｇ＾２＋成线性反应,相关系数分别大于０．９９０（Ｐ〈０．００１）,半胱氨酸或二巯基丙醇巯基与Ｐｂ＾２＋,Ａｓ２Ｏ３,ＮａＡｓＯ２无明显结合。作认为半胱氨酸有可能用作铜或汞中毒的解毒剂     

Sulfhydryl modulation of K+ channels in rat ventricular myocytes

Oxidative stress markedly alters protein function through redox modification of sulfhydryl groups present in cysteine residues. To explore the role of redox state in modulating cardiac K+ channels, this study examined the effects of sulfhydryl modifiers on the repolarizing transient outward current (Ito) in voltage-clamped myocytes from rat ventricle. Oxidized glutathione (GSSG; 5mM), an endogenous disulfide that specifically reacts with protein sulfhydryls, decreased maximum Ito amplitude from baseline by 49% when added to the external solution (P<0.05) and by 27% during internal dialysis (P<0.05). The membrane-impermeable disulfide, 5,5'-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) did not alter Ito when added to the external solution, but it decreased current amplitude by 31% during internal dialysis (P<0.05). GSSG-mediated Ito inhibition varied in a frequency- and voltage-dependent manner, consistent with a state-dependent blocking mechanism. This phenomenon was also observed in myocytes internally dialyzed with DTNB or Cd2+, which also covalently binds to free sulfhydryls. Inhibition of Ito by GSSG was not reversed by washout alone, consistent with the stable nature of covalently-modified sulfhydryl groups. However, when myocytes pretreated with GSSG were dialyzed with the reducing agent dithiothreitol, Ito amplitude increased significantly by 42% (P<0.05). These data suggest that alpha-subunits underlying Ito, or associated proteins, have one or more sulfhydryl groups within the cytoplasmic domain that directly modulate channel activity in response to changes in cell redox state. Redox modulation of Ito channels may be an important post-translational mechanism contributing to acute changes in cardiac repolarization under conditions of oxidative stress, such as ischemia and reperfusion.     

Ethanol Patch Test: A Simple Method for Identifying the Effectiveness of Cyanamide in Alcoholics

Background: To identify the pharmacological effectiveness of cyanamide, 144 alcoholics treated with cyanamide were subjected to a test that used an acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) inhibitor, the ethanol patch test, which is considered to be a good indicator of ALDH2 phenotype. Methods: We placed 100 μl of 70% ethanol on a lint pad and, as a control, placed the same volume of distilled water on a second pad. The ethanol patch test was performed on 144 alcoholics more than 2 weeks after abstinence from alcohol before and after treatment with cyanamide for 1 week. The dose of cyanamide was increased up to 150 mg until the patch test yielded a positive result. Results: In the ethanol patch test, 36 alcoholics (25.0%) gave a positive result before treatment with cyanamide and might have been ALDH2¹/2² heterozygotes. Among 108 alcoholics who were not positive, the distribution of the cyanamide dose that yielded a positive ethanol patch test result was 30 mg in 42 cases (38.9%), 50 mg in 33 cases (30.6%), 70 mg in 5 cases (4.6%), 100 mg in 6 cases (5.6%), and 150 mg in 2 cases (1.9%). Prevalence of liver cirrhosis was significantly higher in alcoholics who showed a positive ethanol patch test result at doses of less than 50 mg cyanamide than those at doses more than 70 mg (p = 0.029). The prevalence of adverse effects was significantly higher in alcoholics who showed a positive ethanol patch test result at doses of more than 70 mg than at doses of less than 50 mg cyanamide (p = 0.002). Conclusions: The ethanol patch test is a useful method for identifying pharmacological effectiveness of cyanamide and may reduce the prevalence of side effects in cyanamide-treated alcoholics.     

某些食物活性巯基测定

对牛奶、鸡蛋和豆类作了活性巯基含量测定 ,在牛奶和鸡蛋中 ,蛋清活性巯基水平为蛋黄的 2 .44倍 ,是牛奶的 2 0 .8倍 ;13种豆中 ,豌豆是含活性巯基最高者 ,含有 (174.4± 8.2 9) mg/kg活性巯基。所检测的豆均含有高于 5 0 mg/kg活性巯基 ,5种含量在 10 0 mg/kg以上。此结果可能对用食疗进行保健和防治某些重金属中毒如汞中毒提供一定的依据。     

A PC-Based Software Test for Measuring Alcohol and Drug Effects in Human Subjects

A new software-based visual search and divided-attention test of cognitive performance was developed and evaluated in an alcohol dose-response study with 24 human subjects aged 21–62 years. The test used language-free, color, graphic displays to represent the visuospatial demands of driving. Cognitive demands were increased over previous hardware-based tests, and the motor skills required for the test involved minimal eye movements and eye-hand coordination. Repeated performance on the test was evaluated with a latin-square design by using a placebo and two alcohol doses, low (0.48 g/kg/LBM) and moderate (0.72 g/kg/LBM). The data on 7 females and 17 males yielded significant falling and rising impairment effects coincident with moderate rising and falling breath alcohol levels (mean peak BrALs = 0.045 g/dl and 0.079 g/dl). None of the subjects reported eye-strain or psychomotor fatigue as compared with previous tests. The high sensitivity/variance relative to use in basic and applied research, and worksite fitness-for-duty testing, was discussed. The most distinct advantage of a software-based test that operates on readily available PCs is that it can be widely distributed to researchers with a common reference to compare a variety of alcohol and drug effects.     

A, B and H Blood Group Specificities in Glycoprotein and Glycolipid Fractions of Human Erythrocyte Membrane. Absence of Blood Group Active Glycoproteins in the Membranes of Non-Secretors

Abstract. Blood group A-, B- and H-activities were studied in glycolipid and glycoprotein fractions of human erythrocyte stroma derived from secretors and non-seeretors. A- and B- but not H-specificities were detected in stroma glycolipids irrespective of the secretor status of blood donors. On the other hand A-, B- and H-specificities in glycoprotein fractions of stroma were present only in erythrocytes of secretors. Glycoprotein extracts of stroma of non-secretors did not contain A- and B-specificity.     

血清高迁移率族蛋白1水平与类风湿关节炎临床指标的相关性

目的通过检测活动性类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)患者血清高迁移率族蛋白1(high mobility group box protein 1,HMGB1)表达水平,探讨HMGB1与RA患者疾病活动性、自身抗体及临床指标的相关性。方法采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验测定67例活动性RA患者和21位健康对照者血清HMGB1水平。收集RA患者的同期临床资料并测定相关实验室指标:疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analog scale,VAS)、疲乏VAS、肿胀关节数、压痛关节数、患者对疾病总体状况的VAS(patient′s global assessment,PGA)、健康评估问卷(health assessment questionnaire,HAQ)、疾病活动评分28(dise aseactivity score28,DAS28)、血沉、C-反应蛋白、类风湿因子-IgM、抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体等,分析以上指标与血清HMGB1的相关性。结果活动性RA组血清HMGB1中位数为8.7ng/ml,四分位间距为16.59ng/ml;健康对照组血清HMGB1中位数为3.47ng/ml,四分位间距为7.43ng/ml,活动性RA组血清HMGB1表达水平显著高于健康对照组,两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。活动性RA患者血清HMGB1表达水平与类风湿因子呈正相关(P0.01),与疼痛VAS评分、疲乏VAS评分、肿胀关节数、压痛关节数、PGA、HAQ、DAS28评分及血沉、C-反应蛋白、抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体无相关性(P0.05)。结论活动性RA患者血清HMGB1表达水平较健康对照组显著升高,但可能与疾病活动无关。     

A Biological Test for Injury to the Human Red Cell

A biological system for the detection of human red cell injury has been described. Allogeneic macrophages incubated in human AB serum will readily phagocytose human red cells which have been sensitised with either anti-D serum or a haemolysin. Old human red cells are also phagocytosed but normal fresh cells are not. The technique is reproducible providing strict technical precautions are observed. The allogeneic macrophage system may be useful for the investigation of red cell abnormalities in man.     

用Lior玻片凝集法作空肠弯曲菌血清学分型与流行病学分析

本文用Lior氏玻片凝集法,对从福建省人与动物中检出的379株空肠弯曲菌进行血清学分型,有212株被分成18个型14个亚型。其中人源菌分布14型,以29、21、8型较多见,占可分型菌的62.5％,鸡菌分布15型,以2、21、44、11和29型较为多见,占65.7％,鸭菌分布9个型,猪菌分布10型,以29、20、2和9型较多见,占66.7％。鸡、鸭、猪检出菌与人源菌同血清型菌株数分别为91.7％、83.3％和95.8％。因而这些禽、畜属于人类空肠弯曲菌的主要传染来源。     

正交设计筛选抗幽门螺杆菌甲硝唑耐药株天然药物的最佳组合方案

目的筛选天然药物治疗幽门螺杆菌（Hp）甲硝唑耐药株的最佳组合方案。方法运用正交设计方法筛选臭灵丹、石榴皮、蒲公英三种天然药物抗坳甲硝唑耐药株的最佳组合。结果三种天然药物对Hp甲硝唑耐药株的最佳组合方案为：臭灵丹（MIC90，77．9mg／ml），石榴皮（MIC90，131．1mg／ml），蒲公英（MIC75，117．27mg／ml）。结论正交设计方法有效的筛选出了三种天然药物的最佳组合方案．提高了实验效率，节约科研资源。