复发性大肠癌的外科治疗

目的总结和分析复发性大肠癌的临床特点和外科治疗效果.方法回顾分析1993年2月至2003年10月收治的84例复发性大肠癌患者再次手术和预后情况,其中结肠癌44例,直肠癌40例.结果吻合口复发26例,肝转移15例,腹膜转移15例,盆腔内复发21例,会阴部复发7例.手术切除率为72.6%(61/84).根治性切除率为54.8%(46/84),结、直肠癌分别为52.3%(23/44)和60.0%(24/40);姑息性切除率为34.5%(29/84),结、直肠癌分别为34.1%(15/44)和32.5%(13/40);仅行捷径手术10.7%(9/84),结、直肠癌分别为13.6%(6/44)和7.5%(3/40).其中,结肠癌切除率为86.4%,直癌切除率为92.5%.术后3例失访,随访率为96.4%,1,3,5,10生存率分别为66.7%、34.6%、25.9%和12.3%.结论手术切除仍然是治疗复发性大肠癌的主要手段,根治性外科治疗可以提高复发性大肠癌的生存率.     

结直肠癌术后复发38例

 目的 探讨结直肠癌术后复发的原因，提高早期诊断率及治疗效果。方法 回顾分析1995年3月至2005年12月38例结直肠癌术后复发患者的临床资料。结果 吻合口复发18例，腹腔盆腔种植复发14例，局部复发7例，腹壁切口复发6例。非手术治疗3例，手术治疗35例，根治性切除15例，姑息性切除10例。根治性切除和非根治性切除患者的中位生存时间分别为27个月和9个月。结论 结直肠癌手术复发的预防重在术中无瘤操作，定期随访是早期诊断的关键，积极手术治疗是提高结直肠癌患者生存率和生存质量的重要方法。     

结直肠癌术后复发49例临床分析

 目的　分析结直肠癌术后复发的原因及治疗方法。方法　回顾性分析1995年3月至2011年6月49例结直肠癌术后复发患者的临床资料。结果　49例患者中,吻合口复发24例,手术区域局部复发10例,会阴部复发15例。非手术治疗13例,手术治疗36例,其中根治性切除22例,姑息性手术14例。根治性切除和非根治性切除患者的中位生存时间分别为28个月和9个月。结论　对结直肠癌患者应重视首次治疗的合理性,术后密切随访。根据病期、复发部位选择以手术为主的综合治疗,能提高患者生存率和生存质量。     

48例结直肠癌肝转移的外科疗效

目的 探讨结直肠癌肝转移外科手术治疗的疗效和影响术后生存率的有关因素,总结提高远期疗效的措施.方法 将48例结直肠癌肝转移手术患者作为观察组,其中根治性切除35例,非根治性切除13例;取同期34例结直肠癌肝转移患者作为对照组.对两组的临床资料进行回顾分析,评价转移灶的大小、数目、范围、间隔时间(无瘤期)和术式及术后综合治疗等因素对疗效的影响.结果 观察组术后1、3、5年生存率分别为91.7%、50.0%、29.2%,对照组1、3、5年生存率分别为29.4%、17.6%、0%,两组间对比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);根治性切除与非根治性切除的5年生存率分别为48.6%、15.4%,两种术式对比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);术后综合治疗与单一或未治疗的5年生存率分别为40.63%,6.25%,两两对比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);肝转移癌单结节与多结节的5年生存率分别为48.4%、15.4%,两两对比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);原发癌与转移癌间的无瘤期2年以内与2年以上的5年生存率分别为11.5%、71.4%,两两对比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 手术切除结直肠癌肝转移灶可提高疗效,早发现是提高治愈性切除率的关键.采用以手术为主的综合治疗可提高远期疗效,癌灶数目、大小、无瘤期、术式及术后综合治疗等是影响远期疗效的重要因素.     

结直肠癌肝转移患者预后因素分析

目的：探讨结直肠癌肝转移患者外科治疗后的预后影响因素及临床意义.方法：分析本院1995年1月至2000年12月158例经病理证实、随诊资料完整的结直肠癌肝转移病例临床资料，对影响患者生存的12项因素进行单因素、多因素分析.结果：根治性切除67例（42.4%）、姑息性切除53例（33.5%）、探查术或最佳支持治疗38例（24.1%） 术后化疗82例（51.9%）、术后未化疗76例（48.1%） 切缘阴性132例（83.5%）、切缘阳性26例（16.5%） 中位生存期41个月，5年生存率27.0%.单因素分析表明，外科治疗方式（P=0.013＜0.05）、原发瘤N分期（P=0.003＜0.05）、转移灶大小（P=0.037＜0.05）及分布（P=0.032＜0.05）和切缘（P=0.000＜0.001）、辅助性治疗（P=0.041＜0.05）为预后影响因素 多因素回归分析显示，仅有原发瘤N分期（P=0.004＜0.05）为预后的独立影响因素，淋巴结转移的相对危险度为2.086.结论：结直肠癌肝转移的根治性切除是患者获得长期生存的有效治疗手段 对于结直肠癌肝转移患者应恰当选择病例，力求一期根治性切除 不适合一期根治性切除者，应采用新辅助化疗手段，降级肿瘤的临床病理分期，以期提高根治性切除率，提高患者生存期.     

直肠癌术后局部复发40例的临床分析

  目的 探讨直肠癌术后复发的原因及诊断方法。方法 对40例直肠癌术后复发患者进行回顾性分析。结果 吻合口处复发17例，会阴部复发14例，盆腔内复发6例，腹腔内复发3例，肝脏转移5例，肺脏转移1例，手术后2年内复发32例（80.0 %）；本组病例均再次行手术治疗，根治性切除率为37.5 %（15／40），姑息性切除率为28.0 %（11／40）。结论 首次手术应根据直肠癌的生物学特性，制定合理的以手术治疗为主的综合治疗方案，切除足够的直肠及其系膜，严格无瘤操作是预防直肠癌复发的主要措施。对复发的病例应根据复发部位、病期早晚选择以手术为主的综合治疗方案。     

再次肝切除手术对结直肠癌肝转移复发患者的临床疗效和生存情况的影响因素

目的 探讨再次肝切除手术对结直肠癌肝转移复发患者的临床疗效和生存情况的影响因素.方法 回顾性分析94例结直肠癌肝转移复发患者临床相关资料,其中38例行再次肝切除术(观察组),其他56例进行内科化疗(对照组).结果 分别进行再次手术和化疗后,结直肠癌肝转移复发患者的1、3、5年生存率观察组为81.6%、52.6%和31.6%;对照组为62.5%、21.4%、7.1%,观察组患者生存率显著高于对照组(P<0.05).针对结直肠癌肝转移复发患者再次切除术的预后可能影响因素进行分析,其中癌直径大小、复发转移灶个数、切缘情况与患者5年生存率有关(P<0.05).术后并发症发生率为28.9%,均经过对症处理可耐受.结论 对于结直肠癌肝转移复发患者,再次肝切除术能提高远期疗效,对于癌直径较小、复发转移灶个数少、切缘阳性的患者效果更好.     

结直肠癌肝转移新辅助治疗的研究进展

结直肠癌具有较高发病率和病死率,辅助化疗的效果差强人意,超过50%的患者病程中会出现肝转移.手术切除可延长患者生存时间,术后5年生存率在50%以上,但是仅小部分患者有手术切除的机会.新辅助治疗的应用降低肿瘤分期,提高结直肠癌肝转移患者手术切除率,展现出较大临床应用价值,但其对生存获益,目前尚无统一结论 .本文就结直肠癌肝转移新辅助治疗进展进行综述.     

结肠癌术后复发33例分析

目的 探讨结肠癌术后复发的原因,以期达到早期诊断提高术后复发的治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析1990年至2007年33例结肠癌术后复发患者的临床资料.结果 吻合口复发15例,腹腔、盆腔种植复发10例,局部复发3例,腹壁切口复发5例.33例均行手术治疗.根治性切除12例,姑息性切除10例,其中位生存时间分别为26个月和9个月.结论 结肠癌术后复发的预防重在术中无瘤操作,定期随访是早期诊断的关键.应积极手术治疗,以延长生存期,提高生活质量.     

直肠癌术后局部复发二次手术临床病理分析

目的:探讨直肠癌术后局部复发再手术的适应证及手术方法.方法:对1998-01-2004-12收治的58例直肠癌根治术后局部复发的患者进行再手术治疗并对其疗效进行回顾性分析.结果:58例患者根治性切除28例(48.27%),姑息性切除20例,剖腹探查或单纯造瘘10例.根治性手术、姑息性手术及未切除患者的5年生存率分别为21.2%、11.1%和0,中住生存期分别为42、19和7个月.结论:对于局部复发性直肠癌积极再手术能有效延长患者的生存期,提高生存率.     

Clinicopathological analysis of two patients with local recurrence after microwave coagulation therapy for liver metastases from colorectal cancer

We analyzed the clinicopathological factors in two cases of local recurrence after a disease-free interval (DFI) of more than 12 months following microwave coagulation therapy (MCT) for liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Case 1: A local recurrence was diagnosed at 14 months after MCT for a liver metastasis of 20 mm in diameter from rectal cancer. Following liver resection, the patient remains alive without recurrence at 9 months. Case 2: A local recurrence was diagnosed at 19 months after MCT for a liver metastasis of 20 mm in diameter from rectal cancer. After MCT, the patient remains alive without recurrence at 36 months. CONCLUSION: We treated two patients with local recurrence who have more than 12 months' DFI after MCT for liver metastases from colorectal cancer. MCT or liver resection was performed as a curative therapy in these cases. Caution is recommended for local recurrence at more than 12 months after MCT for liver metastases from colorectal cancer.     

198例结直肠癌肝转移患者外科治疗的疗效分析

背景与目的:肝脏是结直肠癌常见的转移部位,35%的患者在确诊时已发生肝转移,肝转移患者的预后较差。尽管手术切除、化疗、射频消融术、介入治疗等手段应用于临床,但治疗效果不同。本研究探讨结直肠癌肝转移外科治疗的临床疗效。方法:对我院5年间经病理检查证实的198例结直肠癌肝转移患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。根据治疗方法的不同进行分组:根治性切除组46例(23.2%)、姑息性切除组43例(21.7%)、手术探查组或最佳支持治疗组29例(14.6%)、肝动脉置泵化疗组41例(20.7%),全身化疗组39例(19.7%);对其生存期进行比较和统计学分析。结果:根治性切除组中位生存期37.1个月,5年生存率为31.2%;姑息性切除组的中位生存期14.3个月,5年生存率为0;肝动脉置泵化疗组的中位生存期21.3个月,5年生存期为7.5%;全身性化疗和探查组或最佳支持治疗组的中位生存期分别为18.7个月、6.3个月,均无5年生存者。根治性切除组与其他组比较,中位生存期有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:根治性切除是提高结直肠癌肝转移患者生存率的重要手段;姑息性切除治疗效果并不优于辅助性治疗,对于不能根治性切除的病例可采用肝动脉置泵化疗。     

An analysis of prospective outcome of re-resection for recurrent liver cancer and extrahepatic metastases,a follow-up of 267 cases

Objective To evaluate the prospective outcome and summarize experience in re-resection for recurrent liver cancer and extrahepatic metastases. Methods The clinical data of 267 patients with recurrent primary liver cancer (PLC) after re-resection from January 1960 to July 2000 were retrospectively analyzed. Re-hepatectomy was performed on 205 cases, resection of extrahepatic metastases on 51 cases and combined resection of recurrent liver cancer and extrahepatic metastases on 11 cases. The clinico-pathologic features, operation type and survival were compared. Results The types of liver re-resection included left lateral lobectomy in 11.2% of patients, hemihepatetomy and extended hemi-hepatectomy in 4.4%, local radical resection in 68.3%, other subsegmentectomy in 17.1%. The peak recurrence rate (64.4%) occurred at 1–2 years. The overall 1-, 3, 5- and 10-year survival rates after second resection were 81.0%, 40.3%, 19.4% and 9.0% respectively, while they were 77.5%, 29.8%, 13.2% and 6.61% respectively after the third resection. The median survival time was 44 months. The re-resection with extrahepatic metastases also provided the possibility of longer survival. Conclusion The results suggest that subsegmentectomy and local excision is appropriate for the hepatic repeat resection. The peak recurrence may be correlated with portal thrombus and operative factor. The re-resection can be indicated not only in intrahepatic recurrent metastases but also in extrahepatic metastases in selected patients. Re-resection has become the treatment of choice for recurrence of PLC, as neither chemotherapy nor other nonsurgical therapies can achieve such favorable results.     

Combined colon and hepatic resection for synchronous colorectal liver metastases

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The surgical strategy for the treatment of resectable synchronous hepatic metastases of colorectal cancer remains controversial. This study was performed to assess the outcome of combined resection of colorectal cancer and liver metastases. METHODS: The perioperative data, morbidity, and survival of the patients who underwent combined colon and liver resections for synchronous colorectal liver metastases from 1988 to 1999 were compared to the parameters of the patients who underwent colon resection followed by resection of liver metastases in a staged setting. RESULTS: 198 hepatic resections were performed, of which 112 procedures in 103 patients were done for metastatic colorectal carcinoma. Twenty six patients (25%) had combined hepatic and colon resection and were compared to 86 patients with metachronous metastases who underwent colon and hepatic resection in the staging setting. Postoperative morbidity was 27 and 35%, respectively. There was no hospital mortality in the combined group vs. 2.3% in the staged group. Blood loss, intensive care unit (ICU) stay and length of postoperative stay (LOS) were similar in both groups. The 5 years cumulative survival of the group after combined surgery was 28% vs. 27% of the group after isolated hepatic resections (P = 0.21). CONCLUSION: Combined colon and hepatic resection is a safe and efficient procedure for the treatment of synchronous colorectal liver metastases. It can be performed with acceptable morbidity and no perioperative mortality. The survival after combined procedure is comparable to the one achieved after staged procedure of colon resection followed by liver resection.     

Surgical treatment of colorectal cancer metastasis

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common solid tumors affecting people around the world. A significant proportion of patients with colorectal cancer will develop or will present with liver metastases. In some of these patients, the liver is the only site of metastatic disease. Thus, surgical treatment approaches are an appropriate and important treatment option in patients with liver-only colorectal cancer metastases. Resection of colorectal cancer liver metastases can produce long-term survival in selected patients, but the efficacy of liver resection as a solitary treatment is limited by two factors. First, a minority of patients with liver metastases have resectable disease. Second, the majority of patients who undergo successful liver resection for colorectal cancer metastases develop recurrent disease in the liver, extrahepatic sites, or both. In this paper, in addition to the results of liver resection for colorectal cancer metastases, we will review the results of thermal ablation. Each of these surgical treatment modalities can produce long-term survival in a subset of patients with liver-only colorectal cancer metastases, whereas administration of systemic or regional chemotherapy rarely results in long-term survival in these patients. While surgical treatments provide the best chance for long-term survival or, in some cases, the best palliation in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases, it is clear that further improvements in patient outcome will require multimodality therapy regimens. Modern surgical treatment of colorectal liver metastases can be performed safely with low mortality and transfusion rates, and surgical treatment should be considered in patients with disease confined to their liver.     

Combined-modality treatment for resectable metastatic colorectal carcinoma to the liver: surgical resection of hepatic metastases in combination with continuous infusion of chemotherapy--an intergroup study.

PURPOSE: Despite technical improvements that have minimized the morbidity and mortality of hepatic surgery, the long-term outcome of resection of hepatic metastases of colorectal cancer remains poor, with the majority of patients experiencing treatment failure in the liver. Because arterial chemotherapy regimens targeted to the liver have demonstrated high response rates, an intergroup trial of adjuvant therapy for patients undergoing hepatic resection of liver metastases from colorectal cancer was initiated. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with one to three potentially resectable metastases were randomized preoperatively to receive no further therapy (control arm, 56 patients) or postoperative hepatic arterial floxuridine combined with intravenous continuous-infusion fluorouracil (chemotherapy arm, 53 patients). After exclusion of patients identified as ineligible for the planned treatment at the time of surgery, there were 45 control patients and 30 on the chemotherapy arm. The study was powered to evaluate improvement in time to recurrence and hepatic disease-free survival, not overall survival. RESULTS: The 4-year recurrence-free rate was 25% for the control arm and 46% for the chemotherapy group (P =.04). The 4-year liver recurrence-free rate was 43% in the control group and 67% in the chemotherapy group (P =.03). The median survival of the 75 assessable patients was 49 months for the control arm and 63.7 months for the chemotherapy arm (P =.60). The median survival of all 109 patients was 47 months for the control arm compared with 34 months for the chemotherapy arm (P =.19) CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that adjuvant intra-arterial and intravenous chemotherapy was beneficial in prolonging time to recurrence and pre-venting hepatic recurrence after hepatic resection of colorectal cancer.     

不同治疗方法对结直肠癌肝转移患者预后的影响

目的 探讨不同治疗方法对结直肠癌肝转移患者预后的影响.方法 对300例结直肠癌首发肝转移患者的诊治过程及肝转移后生存情况进行回顾性分析.结果 结直肠癌肝转移灶完全切除者、姑息切除者和无法切除者的肝转移后中位生存期分别为48、19和18个月(P=0.000).对于无法行肝转移灶完全切除的患者,肝转移后化疗联合局部治疗和不治疗患者的肝转移后中位生存期分别为23个月和6个月(P=0.000).一线治疗有效患者和无效患者的肝转移后中位生存期分别为24个月和16个月(P=0.000).单因素生存分析结果显示,原发肿瘤的治疗方式、肝转移灶的手术方式、肝转移后的综合治疗以及一线治疗的疗效均与预后相关(均P<0.05).多因素分析结果显示,肝转移灶的手术方式、肝转移后的综合治疗和肝转移后一线治疗的疗效是影响结直肠癌肝转移患者预后的独立因素(P<0.05).结论 肝转移灶完全切除、肝转移后进行综合治疗以及肝转移后一线治疗有效的结直肠癌肝转移患者预后好.     

Consideration of surgical treatment for recurrence after the resection of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer]

We considered treatment for recurrence following the resection of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. The subjects of this study were 15 of 29 patients who had undergone WHF arterial infusion following resection of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer, in whom there was a recurrence. Of these 15 cases, 6 involved recurrence in a single organ (residual liver, 4; lung, 1; local area, 1), 7 involved two organs (residual liver and lung, 2; residual liver and local area, 2; residual liver and bone, 1; spleen and intra-abdominal lymph node, 1; intra-abdominal lymph node and peritoneum, 1) and 2 involved three organs (lung, bone and abdominal wall, 1; lung, peritoneum and distal lymph node, 1). Reresection was performed in all cases in which recurrence occurred in a single organ. For those cases in which recurrence occurred in two or more organs, reresection and infusion were performed in the 4 cases of recurrence in the residual liver and reresection was performed in the case of recurrence in the spleen and intra-abdominal lymph node (No. 16), the case of local recurrence and the case involving the abdominal wall. The 5-year survival rate of the 29 cases who underwent initial hepatic resection was 61.9%. Five years following resection, the recurrence rate in the residual liver was 38.3%. The survival rates following treatment for recurrence were 76.9, 51.3 and 25.6% for 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively. Of the 8 deaths which have occurred to date, only one was directly related to an increase in hepatic metastases. Following resection of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer, WHF provides a high rate of prevention as well as a high survival rate. Furthermore, with regard to recurrence following WHF treatment, if the recurrence is in only one organ, there is the possibility of achieving effective treatment by reresection (WHF = 5-FU 1,000 mg/m2 5 hrs qw).     

Radical prostatectomy for locally advanced primary or recurrent rectal cancer.

AIM: Three papers including five patients have described en bloc radical prostatectomy for locally advanced rectal cancer. METHODS: Six patients (median age 63 years) underwent en bloc radical prostatectomy for locally advanced (3) or recurrent (3) rectal cancer involving the prostate. Quality of life questionnaires were answered postoperatively and the data prospectively entered in a database. RESULTS: One primary case had low anterior resection (LAR), the others abdominoperineal resections (APR) of R0 stage. Two recurrent cases had APRs and one tumour resection-all R1 stage. Anastomotic leakage led to construction of an ileal conduit in one patient and in two healed on conservative treatment. Follow up was 10-50 months. One patient died from distant metastases at 29 months postoperatively, one was operated for a single lung metastasis and one has disseminated lung metastases. None has developed local recurrence. Four of the five with anastomoses had good quality of life and none wanted an ileal conduit. CONCLUSION: In spite of a relatively high urinary leak rate the total complication rate seems to be lower than after pelvic exenteration. En bloc radical prostatectomy seems an option in selected patients otherwise needing pelvic exenteration for locally advanced or recurrent rectal cancer.